16+
Оглавление - The Origin of the Planet’s Toponyms
- Ancient protoroots that formed modern languages
- 1. The sound “l’”
- 2. The growling sound of aggression “r”
- 3. “Ra” is the sun, “ar” is the earth
- 4. The sounds of breathing: “kho”, “go”, “kha”, “ga”, “ka”, “aga”, “po” and others. “Ego” and “echo”
- 5. The sounds of food: “m” and “n”
- 6. The sound of food “n” as a negative sound
- 7. The sounds of water: “s” and others
- 8. The sounds of contact, knocking and “poking”: “t” and “d”
- 9. The sounds of drinking: “ms”
- 10. The protoroots “ai/ay” [aɪ] up and “ia/ya” down
- 11. The most popular ancient protoroot: “kale”, “gale” and “liga”
- 12. A combination of breathing sounds and an aggressive “r” sound: “kr-gr”, “rk-rg” and “pr-rp”
- 13. The sound of food “m” and the aggressive protoroot “r”: “mr” and “rm”
- 14. The sounds of contact, “poking” and the aggressive sound “r”: “tr” and “dr”
- 15. Ancient prepositions
- 16. The combination of protoroots (ancient prepositions) “do” and “no”: “dono”
- 17. Protoroots “kov”, “sak” and “skvo” in the names of the locality
- 18. Protoroots “var” and “bar”: about the “berlogas” of ancient ancestors
- Ancient toponyms
- 1. Reservoirs are sources of drinking water. Toponyms formed by the protoroot “ms”: Moscow, Mississippi, Damascus, Thames, Maas, Moselle, Mosul, Miass, Misyash, Kamysla, Mzymta, Tsemes, Dagomys, Myshako, Maskaga, Homs, Matsesta, Matsura, Masa, Missouri, Michigan, Muchka, Mozhga and hundreds of others
- 2. Mesopotamia
- 3. Descendant, Putamish, Megapotamo, Mesa Potamos and Mylopotamos of Greece
- 4. About the geographical name Vatican
- 5. Deep rivers and reservoirs. Toponyms formed by the protoroot “dono”: Don, Dnieper, Dniester, Danube, Jordan, Sudan, Covadonga, Sidon, Caledonia, Macedonia, Dongola, Medina, Magadan, Grodno, Andenn, Wiesbaden, Aberdeen, Ardennes, the ancient village of Rudnevo and the city of London
- 6. Roads on world maps. Toponyms formed by the protoroot “ga”: Kovadonga, The Hague, Malaga, Gagra, Gagripsh, Prague, Taganrog, Taganay, Palanga, Senezh (Senega), Kitezh (Kitega), Voronezh (Voronega), Radonezh (Radonega)
- 7. Roadsby water. The names of rivers and reservoirs formed by the protoroot “ga”: Ganges, Oka, Onega, Vetluga, Luga, Kaluga, Amga, Volga, Koelga, Kalka, Yuga, Pichuga, Lugano, Voronezh, Trubezh, Kuyegan, Voldepyegan, Nyurumyegan, Bug and others
- 8. Favorite and convenient roads of the planet. Toponyms formed by the root “kale/cale”, “gale”: Calais, Caledonia, Dongola, Kiel, Gelendzhik, Galis, Calcutta, Kalyan, Cagliari, Gulf Stream, Senegal, Oklahoma, Klyazma and others
- 9. About Lake Baikal
- 10. Toponyms formed by the practice of “rm” — “rama”: Rome, Ramenki, Ramenskoye, Rambouillet, Ramigala, Ramstein, Ramanagara, Rampur, Ramallah, Parma and Perm
- 11. Toponyms formed by the protoroot “mr”: Pomerania, Marseille, Marignan, Amur, Taimyr, Morocco, Murmansk, Morshansk, Murcia, Marbella, Morkam, Maardu, Izmir (Smyrna), Mersin, Maruy, Cameroon, Weimar, Gomorrah, Almera, Comoros and others
- 12. Mountains. Toponyms formed by the “ay/ai” root: Taganay, Ayu-Dag, Ai-Petri, Ai-Foka, Ai-George, Ai-Todor, Ai-Vita, Ayos-Nikolaos, Aikuaivenchorr, Sinai, Aino, Aizu, Odaigahara, Idaho, Iowa, Ai, Uy, Altai, Aigir, Qinghai, Shanghai, Hainan, Haikou, Qiunhai, Hokai, Hokkaido, El Ain, Kailas, Haifa, Dubai, Ain Mlila, Taiwan, Taipei, Aichi, Aichi-Mohk, Aksai and others
- 13. Mountains. Toponyms formed by the protoroot “ya” — “down”: Yalta, Jaffa (Yaffa), Yokohama, Yangtze, Genoa (Genua), Chania and others
- 14. All rivers flow down. Varieties of protoroot “ya” in the names of the rivers: Yaya, Yauza, Yarenga, Yangchui, Yangoda, Yana, Yama, Yaik, Yayva, Yazva, Klyazma, Yangtze, Iya, Chuya, Zea, Yantai, Vyatka, Yu, Yug, Yuga, Jurga, Yue, Yukon, Yuryuzan, Yekulsau-au-Fiedlum, Yekulsau-au-dal, Iyjoki, Yegan, Velyugan, Kuyegan, Voldepyegan, Nyurumyegan and many others
- 15. Mountains. Toponyms formed by a combination of the roots “ay” and “ya” (up and down): Ayia, Ayas, Ayia Napa, Hawaii, Sayan, Jamaica, Bejaya. Hagia Sophia Cathedral
- 16. Mount Olympus
- 17. Mount Zion
- 18. “Diry” (holes) on the geographical maps of the planet. Toponyms formed by the protoroot “tr-dr”: Troy, Dardanelles, Trebizond, Dresden, Drissa, Trieste, Tripoli, Tripolis, Trepol, Trshynets, Trzebic, Drammenselva, Truskavets, Drohobych, Drava, Trois, Drozdna and others
- 19. The cult of fire in the toponyms of the planet. Toponyms formed by the protoroot “pr”: Nippur, Puri, Jabalpur, Nagpur, Kanpur, Rampur, Tiruppur, Durgapur, Singapore, Pyakupur, Piraeus, Pyrgos, Perea, Perdika, Pornik, Perorad, PerrosGirek, Portsmouth, Perpignan, Porto, Pyrenees, Parthenon
- 20. About the “berloga” (dens) of our ancestors. Toponyms formed by the protoroots of “bp” and “br”: Berlin, Varna, Beirut, Le Havre, Tver, Cambridge, Worms, Bristol, Liverpool, Chebarkul, Strasbourg, Birobidzhan and hundreds of others
- 21. The city of Paris
- 22. Roads of farmers and pastoralists. Toponyms formed by roots: “kov”, “sak” and “skvo/squaw”: Moscow, Kovel, Pskov, Krakow, Covent Garden, Kharkov, Glasgow, Kaunas, Sakhalin, Sakasena, Sakmara, Sahara, Squaw Valley and others
- Afterword