Бесплатный фрагмент - 21-й — 30-й тесты. Английский язык. ЕГЭ, 2024. На базе материалов ФИПИ
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Данный сборник включает 10 вариантов заданий для подготовки к ЕГЭ по английскому языку.
Таблица ответов и ссылка на аудиофайлы размещены в конце сборника.
TEST 21
Раздел 1. Аудирование
1. Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.
1. You can’t guess what comes next in the show.
2. It’s not bad that the show differs from the book.
3. The show can suit everyone’s taste.
4. They say the show is based on real historic episodes.
5. For me it’s a pity the show doesn’t reflect British history.
6. For certain reasons the book turned out to be much better than the show.
7. The show is exciting because of the female roles.
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Говорящий …. A — B — C — D — E — F
Утверждение
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2. Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.
A. The registration at the leisure centre has time limits.
B. Jim doesn’t know how to organize his free time properly.
C. Jim doesn’t have any communication problems at school.
D. Jim has a background in sports.
E. Jim thinks most people enjoy books and movies.
F. Jim has no chance to find the necessary books in his library.
G. The classes Jim is interested in take place three times a week.
Утверждение … … ….. A — B — C — D — E — F — G
Соответствие диалогу
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Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.
3. What is remarkable about Sam’s boats?
1) They are of the same size.
2) They are designed and produced according to customers’ wishes.
3) They are designed by the customers.
Ответ:
4. Sam started making boats because it…
1) helped to combine his skill with his passion.
2) brought a lot of money.
3) was only a part-time job.
Ответ:
5. Sam learned about nature when he was…
1) travelling with his father.
2) staying with his grandmother.
3) helping his mother at work.
Ответ:
6. Sam learned to play the guitar because he wanted to…
1) follow in his father’s steps.
2) impress his family.
3) show respect for his father.
Ответ:
7. Speaking about introducing his son to his business, Sam says that he…
1) has already begun doing this.
2) doesn’t plan to do this.
3) will do it in a few years.
Ответ:
8. Sam’s favourite leisure activity is…
1) walking his dog.
2) fishing.
3) boating.
Ответ:
9. In conclusion the presenter expresses a wish to…
1) get a hot summer that year.
2) meet Sam in the studio again.
3) spend more time on the river.
Ответ:
По окончании выполнения заданий 1—9 не забудьте перенести ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ №1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов на задания 1 и 2 цифры записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.
Раздел 2. Чтение
10. Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
1. Space Research
2. A Touch of MagiC.
3. Great Expectations
4. M-Learning Revolution
5. Wary Birds
6. Viable Alternative
7. Old Custom
8. Attractive Destination
A. The Hebrides, a group of islands off the Scottish coast, offers tourists a diversity of wildlife and scenery with few equals in the UK. And in the waters around them you can find not only dolphins but whales and the mighty sea eagle as well. In places it is possible to see such marine animals from the shore, but to have the best views you need to be on a boat.
В. Mostly it’s about hot air — for without that, balloons are just big empty bags with baskets on the bottom. The Montgolfier brothers had great hopes when they made the first manned flight. They thought balloons would take off as a viable means of commercial flight. Instead, they have remained the province of sport, adventure and enjoyment. Yet they still retain the essential characteristics which make them so attractive.
С. Many people still think that to get the chance to go to space you have got to try to become an astronaut. Unfortunately, the chances of succeeding are tiny, simply because there are so few astronauts and there is no prospect of a lot more being employed. However, you need not despair because you will be able to go as a visitor. But the first thing you should do is to save up because the demand is expected to be strong and prices will be high.
D. The natural cautiousness is usual in herons. They prefer to spend the day in areas where they can hunt for fish in peace. They seldom allow close approach and are quick to take to the air when they sense humans are about. Such nervousness is understandable, given that they have suffered from persecution from fish farmers.
E. Crop circles are large circular patterns which have been turning up mysteriously in cornfields all over southern England, and in other parts of the world, since the 1980s. Many people believe they could not have been done by human beings — they say only visitors from outer space could have created such circles. Although scientists are trying to solve this mystery, the scientific explanation has not been found yet.
F. Teachers are used to asking students to turn off their mobile phones but soon they could be a major classroom aid for teaching and learning. Three schools in the Richmond area are taking part in an innovative project in which students will use their mobile phones. Students can use the phones to get access to learning materials as more phones nowadays have links to the Internet.
G. Every year, large crowds of people gather at Cooper’s Hill to watch the Cheese Rolling Championship. A group of brave people roll a large cheese down the hill, and then run down after it. In theory, competitors must catch the cheese, but as it can reach speeds up to 70 miles an hour, this rarely happens. Cheese Rolling has been going on for hundreds of years and nobody knows for sure when it first started.
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11. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.
Volcanic Eruptions
Volcanic eruptions are among the Earth’s most powerful and destructive forces. However, they are also creative forces. The Earth’s first oceans and atmosphere formed from the gases given off by volcanoes. In turn, the oceans and the atmosphere created the environment ___ (A). Volcanoes have also shaped the Earth’s landscape. Many of our mountains, islands, and plains have been built by volcanic eruptions.
The Earth’s crust is broken into plates ___ (B). There are 16 major plates. These rigid plates float on a softer layer of rock in the Earth’s mantle. As the plates move about they push together or pull apart. Most volcanoes are located near the edges of plates.
Deep within the Earth it is so hot that some rocks slowly melt and become a thick flowing substance called magma. ___ (C), magma rises and collects in magma chambers. Eventually some of the magma pushes through vents and fissures in the Earth’s surface. A volcanic eruption occurs! Magma that has erupted is called lava.
Some volcanic eruptions are explosive and others are not. How explosive an eruption is depends on how runny or sticky the magma is. If magma is thin and runny, gases can escape easily from it. ___ (D), it flows out of the volcano. Lava flows rarely kill people, because they move slowly enough for people to get out of their way. Lava flows, however, can cause considerable destruction to buildings in their path.
If magma is thick and sticky, gases cannot escape easily. Pressure builds up ___ (E). In this type of eruption, the magma blasts into the air and breaks apart into pieces called tephra. Tephra can range in size from tiny particles of ash to house-size boulders.
Explosive volcanic eruptions can be dangerous and deadly. They can blast out clouds of hot tephra from the side or top of a volcano. These fiery clouds race down mountainsides destroying almost everything in their path. Ash erupted into the sky falls back to Earth like powdery snow, but snow ___ (F). If thick enough, blankets of ash can suffocate plants, animals, and humans. When hot volcanic materials mix with water from streams or melted snow and ice, mudflows form. Mudflows have buried entire communities located near erupting volcanoes.
1. that resemble a jigsaw puzzle
2. when plates push together
3. until the gases escape violently and explode
4. that made life possible on our planet
5. because it is lighter than the solid rock around it
6. that doesn’t melt
7. when this type of magma erupts
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Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Kayak Adventure
It started with a casual phone call in the spring of 2005. A good friend, Mike Crenshaw, finally got a permit from the National Park Service to lead a private party of 16 boaters down the Colorado River. He had a slot open for Willie. Was he interested?
«It was the chance of a lifetime,» Stewart says. He had been waiting years for this trip to happen. «How could I refuse?»
But before they shoved off, he had a couple of things to take care of. He had to get a white-water kayak, learn how to use it, and get a prosthesis to replace his missing arm.
The trip was still about four months off and Stewart figured he had time to master the needed skills for white-water kayaking. He spent hours practising in the university pool and in a creek down the road from his house. Over and over, he flipped himself upside down so he could work on his Eskimo roll in which he uses his paddle and a little hip action to flip himself upright. Finally, figuring he was ready, Stewart headed for the Grand Canyon.
Even with all his training, he was barely prepared for the adventure. At the first significant rapids, a middling run of white water called Badger Creek, Stewart was thrown out of his boat. He recalls how demoralized he felt as he swam to shore. Farther downriver at a place called House Rock, he was knocked over four times. He made it through mostly because he’d mastered one good move: the Eskimo roll.
At another set of rapids, Horn Creek, he got sucked into a violent implosion of water that held him in a swirling maelstrom for several terrifying seconds. At the next, Hance, which was full of rocks, Stewart says, «I was upside down, backward — basically, I was bounced down the river like a rubber ball.» He was figuratively, and literally, in over his head.
Stewart decided that to even pretend he knew what he was doing would be pure suicide. From then on, he followed more experienced paddlers through the thundering waters and relied on his Eskimo roll for emergencies. Up until now, even after his injury, Stewart had dominated just about every competition he entered. Here in the canyon, he realized, he might have met his match.
The Colorado can be a brutal adversary. It flows at the rate of anywhere from 10,000 to 30,000 cubic feet every second. It has roughly 100 named, or significant, rapids and a dozen smaller ones, all more than capable of trashing Stewart and his little plastic boat. And then there is the cold. Water temperature seldom gets above the high 40s. Some stretches are so chilly that boaters are warned not to swim in them at all. The shock of immersion can cause muscle exhaustion and drowning, even a heart attack.
After about a week and a half, Stewart had made it 90 miles. «I couldn’t believe I was still alive,» he admits. «It was pure luck.» His luck was about to change.
He had been dreading the huge rapids called Crystal. Rapids in the Grand Canyon are rated one to ten in degree of difficulty, ten being the meanest. Stewart began his attack by dodging an enormous whirlpool. Paddling frantically, he slipped past a wall of waves powerful enough to flip a boat twice the size of his, and skirted what one guide called a «raft-ripping rock.»
But he still wasn’t finished. There was a second half to navigate, a treacherous, boulder-strewn run euphemistically called the Rock Garden. To Stewart’s relief, he wove through it all without getting tipped over once.
Shortly afterward, the river took a sharp left turn where he had to negotiate a little set of white water, coincidentally called Willies Necktie. The danger here is the way the current drives boats into the crook of the turn on the right side. The way to avoid it is to stay on the left. Stewart knew that, but he dropped his guard, making a deadly mistake. He drifted right.
Before he could make the correction, his boat slammed into a boulder and flipped. Tons of rushing water pinned him against the canyon wall. He tried to do his Eskimo roll, but his right arm — the one he always used to pull himself up — was jammed against the rock. Somehow he had to get himself vertical using his prosthesis.
Stewart fought hard, pushing up again and again, each time getting a few gasps of air before being submerged. Exhausted, freezing, running out of room to breathe, he thought he had one more try left in him. Gathering his last bit of energy, he lunged for the surface. This time, his paddle blade caught just right, and he pulled himself upright.
After a little less than a minute, the current spun him around and slammed him into a rock. Before he’d even caught his breath, Stewart was underwater again. Luckily, this time someone saw him go down.
Timmy O’Neill was an experienced kayaker on his fifth Canyon run. He quickly paddled across the river to help, arriving just in time to see Stewart’s kayak pop to the surface. Several long seconds later, Stewart bobbed up. As he reached for O’Neill’s kayak, they were both sucked into a hole of churning water. Finally, the river spit them out, and Stewart discovered he had a new problem. His paddle, strapped to his prosthesis, was acting like an anchor, dragging him toward the next set of rapids. He had to decide: keep the arm and drown, or cut it loose. Frantic, he clawed at the tight straps, finally getting them free. Then he felt the current drag everything away. «My arm,» he gasped. It was gone.
«I was devastated,» Stewart recalls. Here he was at the 100-mile mark, less than halfway, and for all practical purposes the trip was over.
12. Willie Stewart…
1) was an experienced kayaker.
2) had a white-water kayak.
3) was disabled.
4) had been to the Grand Canyon before.
Ответ:
13. Before heading for the Grand Canyon, Stewart spend a lot of time…
1) practising a self-rescue technique.
2) studying at University.
3) swimming in the pool.
4) looking for a prosthesis.
Ответ:
14. After a set of rapids, Stewart understood that…
1) he was well prepared for the adventure.
2) he was having the best match in his life.
3) he didn’t have necessary skills to succeed.
4) his adventure was a pure suicide.
Ответ:
15. Boaters are advised not to swim in some stretches because…
1) of their dangerous rapids.
2) the water is too cold in them.
3) the current is too strong.
4) they are very deep.
Ответ:
16. Stewart went in the wrong direction after…
1) Crystal.
2) a «raft-ripping rock’.
3) the Rock Garden.
4) Willies Necktie.
Ответ:
17. Willie had difficulty in doing his Eskimo roll because…
1) the water was too cold.
2) he was exhausted.
3) he was running out of room to breathe.
4) he could not use his right arm.
Ответ:
18. Stewart managed to escape the next set of rapids…
1) with the help of O’Neill.
2) after doing his Eskimo roll.
3) by disposing of his prosthesis.
4) holding on to the straps.
Ответ:
По окончании выполнения заданий 10–18 не забудьте перенести свои ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ №1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов на задания 10 и 11 цифры записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.
Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика
Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19—24, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19—24.
What Can Computers Do?
19. Computers and microchips ……………… part of our everyday lives.
BECOME
20. We read magazines which ……………… on computer, we buy things with the help of computer; we pay bills prepared by computers.
PRODUCE
21. Just ……………… a phone number involves the use of a sophisticated computer system.
DIAL
22. In the past, life without computers was much ……………… than it is today.
DIFFICULT
23. The first computers were able to multiply long numbers, but they ……………… do anything else.
NOT CAN
24. Nobody ……………… stories about robots and space travel, but now computers are able to do almost all difficult jobs.
BELIEVE
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Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 25—29, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 25—29.
A Challenge for Europe
25. Recently there has been a small …………………… in the number of people out of work in Europe.
REDUCE
26. However, ……………………… is still the number one social problem facing the 15 member states of the European Union.
EMPLOY
27. Moreover, ……………………… of opportunity between men and women is still an issue that politicians in many countries have not come to grips with.
EQUAL
28. In professions such as law and engineering women are still ……………………… by their absence.
NOTICE
29. ……………………… still discriminate against women in a number of ways even if their qualifications are the same as those of men.
EMPLOY
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Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 30—36. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 30—36, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Charity
A lot of people in our world have little or no money at all. Many of them are homeless and can’t enjoy what most of us take for 30 _______. They need our help and there are a lot of charity organizations to help poor people. Because of charities many homeless people have shelters, hungry children have been fed, a lot of diseases have already been 31 _______and many animals are safe.
Around the world there are a lot of children who suffer from different diseases, running 32 _______ time and hope. The biggest charity project in Russia is «Contribution to the Future’ whose goal is to help any child in need. Its programmes help poor, homeless and disabled children.
There are a lot of people in the world who have chosen charity as their main mission in life. One of the most famous missionaries was Mother Teresa. She lived the hard life of the poor alongside them; she knew how it felt sleeping on hard floors and living on dirty streets. And because she was experiencing 33 _______what the people she was helping were going through, she so effectively knew how to give. Besides meeting people’s basic physical needs by giving them food and medicine, she met people’s emotional needs as well.
A lot of rich people also feel the necessity to help the poor. For example, Bill Gates is a famous billionaire, but he is also a noted philanthropist who donated the proceeds of his successful books to 34 _______educational organizations. He has also given millions to initiatives in global health and learning, hoping to 35 _________more and more people to have access to 36 _______ facilities in these areas. A good example is the opening of «The School of the Future’ in Philadelphia, sponsored by his company «Microsoft’.
The spirit of philanthropy is not about what or how much you give but rather about the feeling that you are helping others in need.
По окончании выполнения заданий 19—36 не забудьте перенести свои ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ №1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов на задания 19—29 буквы записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую букву или цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.
!Проверьте, чтобы каждый ответ был записан рядом с номером соответствующего задания.
Раздел 4. Письменная речь
Для ответов на задания 37 и 38 используйте бланк ответов №2. Черновые пометки можно делать прямо на листе с заданиями или использовать отдельный черновик. При выполнении заданий 37 и 38 особое внимание обратите на то, что Ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ №2. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость соблюдения указанного объёма текста. Тексты недостаточного объёма, а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объём, не оцениваются. Укажите номер задания 37 в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ №2 и напишите текст своего ответного электронного письма зарубежному другу по переписке.
37. You have received an email message from your English-speaking pen-friend Ann:
From: ann@mail.uk
To: Russian_friend@oge.ru
Subject: Hometown
…Thank you for the book about your home city. I love it! How long have your family lived in this city? What is your favourite place there? Would you like to move to another city, why or why not?
This year I’m planning to have a very unusual birthday party…
Write an email to Ann.
In your message:
— answer his questions;
— ask 3 questions about her birthday party.
Write 100–140 words.
Remember the rules of email writing.
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Выберите только ОДНО из двух предложенных заданий (38.1 или 38.2), укажите его номер в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ №2 и выполните согласно данному плану. В ответе на задание 38 числительные пишите цифрами.
38.1 Imagine that you are doing a project on what field teens want to work in Zetland. You have found some data on the subject (see the table below).
Comment on the data in the table and give your opinion on the subject of the project.
The opinion poll question:
What field have you chosen to work?
Write 200–250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an opening statement on the subject of the project;
— select and report 2–3 facts;
— make 1–2 comparisons where relevant and give your comments;
— outline a problem that can arise with finding a good job and suggest a way of solving it;
— conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on the importance of having a dream job.
Higher Education Importance
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38.2 Imagine that you are doing a project on why it is important for teens to get a higher education in Zetland. You have found some data on the subject — the results оf the opinion polls (see the pie chart below).
Comment on the data in the diagram and give your opinion on the subject of the project.
The opinion poll question:
Why are you going to enter a university?
Write 200–250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an opening statement on the subject of the project;
— select and report 2–3 facts;
— make 1–2 comparisons where relevant and give your comments;
— outline a problem that one can face getting a higher education and suggest a way of solving it;
— conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on the importance of a higher education.
!Проверьте, чтобы каждый ответ был записан рядом с номером соответствующего задания.
Test 21. Устная часть
Task 1
Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.
A curious toy was created by a group of American scientists. It’s a dog robot with artificial intelligence. Unlike dogs, there is no need to feed it or walk with it. A video camera inside the robot allows it to distinguish colours and determine distances, two stereo tape-recorders help it to remember words, the sensitive sensors on its body provide the ability to respond to the touches and change of temperatures. The dog robot can jump, run, sit, lie and even wag its tail. Like any alive dog it can grow and be taught. At first the dog doesn’t react well enough to your commands. But as it grows it begins to distinguish up to forty different commands. It also acquires its own individual habits. The character of «the dog» is formed by the owner. The electronic mind «remembers» the owner’s approval and disapproval. Like an alive dog it has its favourite and unloved places in the flat. Bear in mind that if the owner doesn’t pay attention to his «pet», it falls into depression.
Task 2
Study the advertisement.
You are considering visiting the tattoo shop and you’d like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask four direct questions to find out the following:
1) working hours
2) if they have a website
3) if it hurts during the process
4) number of temporary tattoos
You have 20 seconds to ask each question.
Task 3
You are going to give an interview. You have to answer five questions.
Give full answers to the questions (2–3 sentences).
Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.
Typescript for Task 3
Interviewer: Hello everybody! It’s the Coking Together Club. Our guest today is a teenager from Russia and we are going to discuss cooking traditions. We’d like to know our guest’s point of view on this issue. Please answer five questions. So, let’s get started.
Interviewer: Who usually cooks in your family?
Student: ____________________________________________
Interviewer: What’s your favourite dish?
Student:_____________________________________________
Interviewer: Do you have any traditional family recipes?
Student:_____________________________________________
Interviewer: How often do you eat out?
Student: _____________________________________________
Interviewer: Do you help your parents cook and why?
Student: _____________________________________________
Interviewer: Thank you very much for your interview.
Task 4
Imagine that you and your friend are doing a project «Shops».
You have found some photos to illustrate it, but for technical reasons you cannot send them now. Leave a voice message to your friend explaining your choice of the photos and sharing some ideas about the project.
In 2.5 minutes, be ready to:
— explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences;
— mention the advantages (1–2) of the two types of shops;
— mention the disadvantages (1–2) of the two types of shops;
— express your opinion on the subject of the project — which shop you’d prefer and why.
You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously.
TEST 22
Раздел 1. Аудирование
1. Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.
1. There is no need to go far to make memories.
2. Work affects family holidays.
3. Nobody has ever taught me how to travel.
4. This world is too exciting to stay home.
5. Sometimes I’d like to change places with my clients.
6. New places can be hard to find.
7. Negative side effects of an exciting job.
***
***
2. Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.
A. Steve didn’t want to meet Karen.
B. Steve wants Karen to give him some advice.
C. Steve’s host family lives close to his future school.
D. Steve will have to buy another mobile phone in Russia.
E. Karen was generally satisfied with Russian public transport.
F. Karen thinks buses are the best means of transport in Russia.
G. Steve feels more confident after talking to Karen.
***
Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.
3. Kim’s success as an actress makes her feel…
1) extremely happy.
2) slightly uncomfortable.
3) a bit nervous.
Ответ:
4. Kim thinks that acting is…
1) her life priority.
2) a way of life.
3) just a job.
Ответ:
5. One thing Kim and her heroine have in common is their…
1) life-partner’s occupation.
2) working time-tables.
3) love for kids.
Ответ:
6. Kim thinks that the most difficult thing for her and her husband is to…
1) raise their children.
2) remain in the spotlight.
3) find more time to be together.
Ответ:
7. According to Kim, her heroine and she are different in their…
1) backgrounds.
2) public life.
3) personalities.
Ответ:
8. Hosting a TV show for Kim is…
1) a long-time ambition.
2) a way to learn a new skill.
3) a means to relax from her sitcom work.
Ответ:
9. Kim hopes to introduce people who…
1) write about poverty.
2) deal with world problems.
3) work with volunteers.
Ответ:
По окончании выполнения заданий 1—9 не забудьте перенести ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ №1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов на задания 1 и 2 цифры записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.
Раздел 2. Чтение
10. Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
1. Time to Relax
2. Safety First
3. Exciting Prospect
4. Addictive Pastime
5. Positive Results
6. Rewarding Hobby
7. Discovering the World
8. Changing Influence
A. Boating can be a very relaxing pastime. It isn’t entirely limited to just cruising around. You can also set up water-skis and enjoy water-skiing. While boating is fun, however, it is also a hobby where you need to be very careful. Too many boaters die each year, mainly by falling overboard and drowning. It is important that you use common sense as well as always take lifejackets with you.
В. Painting is one of the most relaxing pastimes. Most people take up painting in oils or watercolours, others start with acrylics or pastels, but whatever your choice, it will be the beginning of a voyage of discovery. When you look at things that are familiar to you, you’ll see them in a different light. Learning something new almost every day will encourage you to keep going.
C. Fishing can be enjoyed at any age, individually or in groups, with little more investment than a cane pole and a few hooks. Within an hour from most homes, there is usually a place to fish. Perhaps the greaTest appeal in fishing is the opportunity to get outdoors and have a rest. It’s an enjoyable pastime that can be used as a way to clear your head and forget about everyday problems.
D. For centuries gardening has been an extremely popular pastime across the British Isles and here you can find some of the most superb garden exhibits in the world. For countless people, gardening offers a peaceful and relaxing pastime that can create some very picturesque or beneficial results, depending on the kind of gardening taken up. Caring for your own garden will bring enjoyment and save you money at the grocery store.
E. Parents and teachers worry about games having negative effects on children and a great deal has been written about games leading to violent behaviour and addiction. However, not everything about gaming is negative. Games help children who are ill or have injuries. Absorption in a game distracts the mind from pain and discomfort. Many hospitals are encouraging children and others undergoing painful treatments to play games.
F. In these virtual worlds, you can choose an avatar or character that represents you. The latest games offer the ability to customize these characters in unlimited ways; you can change your character’s hairstyle, facial features, size, weight, and clothing. How about the ability to change your voice to match your online personality? That is currently not a standard feature in games but technology will provide a solution.
G. Gaming is enjoying a revolution. Not just in the fact that it is a growing business in itself, but also that it is rapidly becoming a leading means for communication and social interaction among people from all over the world. Young adults are at the forefront of the future for gaming and recent research shows that the role of gaming in young adults’ lives is evolving rapidly.
***
11. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.
Health Spa
The health and fitness of the UK population is a regular topic on national news and many of us are strongly aware of the need to adopt a healthy lifestyle. From eating the right things including our five pieces of fruit or vegetables a day to getting enough exercise, ___ (A).
Those in the health professions make continuous pleas to us to «exercise more’ and «cook healthy, nutritious meals’ yet the public replies that ___ (B). Work and family commitments take priority and if there’s any time «spare’ then going to a gym is often the last thing on people’s minds.
«Health spa’ is a term that surely appeals greatly and with the rising popularity of spa amongst men and women it would seem that the industry has come up with a winning combination. Statistics reveal that the spa industry is growing faster ___ (C). It offers so much opportunity that many are diving in with both feet to make the most of this market.
But why is spa so popular? With today’s hectic lifestyles, the idea of retreating to a haven of peace and relaxation sounds like total luxury. Professional, friendly therapists are ready to greet you and listen to your needs ___ (D). Add to this our desire to hold back the years and look forever young, it’s no doubt we’re booking and staying at more spa resorts ___ (E).
Choosing what treatments to have during your spa visit can be a tricky choice. Like reading a menu in a 5-star restaurant you’ll find the choices staggering as words such as relaxing, revitalising, refreshing and moisturising jump out from all over the pages with promises of soothing away all aches, pains and wrinkles. Location is also an important consideration and many independent hotels have excellent spa facilities ___ (F).
1. that you can’t miss this opportunity
2. while also benefiting from superb positions
3. than ever before
4. there is no time within their already overloaded schedules
5. as you discuss the very tempting treatment menu
6. there are whole host of things to do to keep us healthy
7. than the fitness industry
***
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
In the Nick of Time
Jason Noorthoek Jr. didn’t want to go outside. It was pitch-black, and he was afraid there might be coyotes «as big as pigs’. But the 12-year-old didn’t have a choice. His mother, Brenda, was worried about his father and demanded he go. Every evening after he got home from work, Jason Noorthoek Sr. worked on cars in the driveway, but on this night he had to fix Brenda’s car, which had been stalling for days. Usually, Brenda heard her husband come in and out of the house to gather his tools, but not tonight. She hadn’t heard a thing for at least an hour. «Go and find him,» she told Jason and his sister, Jamie.
It was a chilly October night with just ten days left until Halloween. In the darkness, the two kids edged towards the Buick. Jason waved a tiny flashlight from side to side. «Dad? Dad?» he called into the shadows. «Jason?» It was his father, but his voice sounded different. He talked slowly, in a way that Jason would later describe as «hurt.»
Earlier that evening, as the sun was just about to set, Noorthoek diagnosed the Buick’s problem: a faulty fuel pump. That meant he’d have to get underneath the car. Normally, he’d use a jack to lift it, but it was getting dark and he wasn’t dressed warmly, so to speed things up, he used the forklift he’d recently bought for his salvage business.
Noorthoek slid the forks under the Buick’s back bumper and then raised the car until its back end was two feet off the ground. After he crawled under the car, he saw that the forklift had bent the exhaust pipe. He gave the pipe a kick to bend it back into shape. «I’m always the first one to preach safety,» he says, thinking back on the one precaution he forgot to take. Noorthoek didn’t place blocks in front of the car’s front tires to keep it from rolling forward off the forks. Which is exactly what it did after he gave the exhaust pipe a couple more kicks.
Jason saw his dad’s feet sticking out from underneath the car. By now, Noorthoek had been trapped for almost an hour, with the crooked exhaust pipe pushing into his chest. Unable to take a full breath, he shivered in the cold and drifted in and out of consciousness. Jamie ran into the house and told her mother to call for help.
Jason knew that his mother and sister couldn’t lift the four-door sedan, but that didn’t stop them from trying. When it didn’t budge, the two started to panic. «Calm down. It’ll be okay,» Jason said softly.
The sixth grader had driven the forklift only once before, and he’d nearly smashed it into a parked car. At 90 pounds, he didn’t have the strength to depress the 10,000-pound vehicle’s brakes. Ever since, he’d been afraid to get back on. But now Jason couldn’t afford to be scared. He climbed on and started it up. «Every time he turned the ignition key, it pushed the car forward onto me,» his father says. «I kept saying, „Neutral! Neutral!“»
Jason figured out the machine’s complicated gearshift and moved it into neutral as he slid the forks under the car. He pulled a lever, and the Buick started to rise. Finally, the tires were off the ground and Noorthoek could breathe again — for a moment. Like his dad, Jason forgot to put blocks in front of the tires. As the back end of the car rose into the air, the car rolled forward again and crashed back onto Noorthoek.
Desperate now, Jason pulled the forklift’s lever once more. Again, the Buick started to come off the ground, but this time, for whatever reason, the front tires didn’t roll and the car remained suspended in the air.
Minutes later, Township’s fire chief, Mike Rexford, arrived. Noorthoek lay under the car, ashen but breathing. His internal injuries were minor, but, according to Rexford, his situation was perilous. «The outcome’s never been this good,» he now says. «How long could he have lasted like that?»
It wasn’t until his dad was loaded into an ambulance that the magnitude of the night’s events caught up with Jason. «I told him he probably saved his father,» says Rexford. Jason broke down and started to sob.
His father was released from the hospital early the next morning. «I didn’t stop shaking until I got home,» Noorthoek says. Jason says one happy change has come out of the accident: he gets to spend more time with his dad. Jason Sr., who hasn’t touched a car since the Buick fell on him, often spends evenings with Jason playing video games.
12. Jason Noorthoek Jr. had to go outside in the evening because…
1) his mother made him go.
2) his father asked him to help.
3) he was worried about his father.
4) he wanted to save his father’s life.
Ответ:
13. Noorthoek was trapped under the car because…
1) the fuel pump was out of order.
2) the forklift had bent the exhaust pipe
3) the car rolled off the forks.
4) the blocks were too small.
Ответ:
14. Jason was afraid to drive a forklift because…
1) he had never done it before.
2) he was not strong enough to depress the brakes.
3) he didn’t want to hurt his father.
4) he had barely had an accident.
Ответ:
15. Jason’s first attempt was unsuccessful because…
1) he hadn’t moved the machine’s gearshift into neutral.
2) he hadn’t taken the necessary precaution.
3) the back end of the car rose into the air.
4) he pulled a wrong lever.
Ответ:
16. In paragraph 10 «perilous’ means…
1) difficult.
2) unpredictable.
3) dangerous.
4) tricky.
Ответ:
17. After his father’s rescue Jason…
1) couldn’t sleep.
2) broke down the forklift.
3) couldn’t help crying.
4) was very tired.
Ответ:
18. After the accident Jason Sr…
1) works more carefully with cars.
2) wants to sell the Buick.
3) plays board games.
4) spends more time with his son.
Ответ:
По окончании выполнения заданий 10–18 не забудьте перенести свои ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ №1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов на задания 10 и 11 цифры записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.
Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика
Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19—24, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19—24.
Choosing a Career
19. Jane had always wanted to be a nurse and help people in need. Her father, however, thought that nursing ___________ a suitable profession for her in future.
NOR BE
20. When she left school, she ……………… a job as a doctor’s receptionist.
OFFER
21. Jane ……………… to take the job, so she decided to talk to her friend Ann about what she should do.
NOT WANT
22. When Jane came to Ann’s house, Ann met her in the garden. «Hello, Jane! I _________ some gardening. You look so unhappy! What are you thinking about?»
DO
23. While Jane ……………… her problem, Ann’s mother shouted to the girls to come over.
EXPLAIN
24. She said that Ann’s father ……………… an accident and he was in hospital.
HAVE
***
Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 25—29, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 25—29.
Edinburgh
25. Edinburgh is one of the most written-about cities on earth. Built on ancient volcanoes and first established because of its secure and ……………………… position, the capital of Scotland has become a crossroads.
DEFENCE
26. ……………………… everyone who comes to Scotland today spends some time in this city.
PRACTICAL
27. Edinburgh is the second most popular tourist destination in Great Britain and it’s not hard to see why. Its midsummer ……………………… festival is one of the biggest in the world.
NATION
28. Edinburgh is a delight to explore on foot: most of its ……………………… are contained within a compact central area.
ATTRACT
29. With streets steeped in history and a ……………………… cultural scene, Edinburgh offers the perfect balance between traditional and contemporary things.
THRIVE
***
Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 30—36. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 30—36, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
The Archipelago
In the remote southern seas there is a cluster of islands. Each island is inhabited by a different race of people. Although physically they look alike, you can tell them 30 … by their styles of dress and their distinctive dialects. Each island has its own unique form of architecture. The only similarity between them is that each race builds in a manner that is 31 … odds with the environment. On rocky hillsides there are wooden huts and in wooded valleys you can see towns of brick. Arid uplands are irrigated and planted with leafy gardens, whereas, on fertile plains, the parks are paved with stone. 32 … their differences, the islanders coexist peacefully. There is rivalry over certain fishing waters but it rarely 33 … to more than a few heated exchanges.
At the centre of the archipelago, perhaps in the most favoured spot of all, lies an island that has been deserted for many generations. It looks very different from the rest: darker, taller, silent. There is no obvious reason 34 … its abandonment as it has good soil and plenty of freshwater.
Long ago, it was inhabited by farmers and fishermen much like everywhere else in the archipelago, but everything changed when they started building the first wall. As soon as it was finished a second circle of battlements began to rise from the centre, slightly narrower than the one before, so that from faraway the island 35 … an enormous wedding cake.
Nobody can explain why the wall was started but there are many theories as to why it was never finished. Some say that so many had perished during its construction, that no one dared halt the work and thereby admit that it had all been in vain. Others claim that the builders simply 36 … out of materials. But one thing is certain, the predicted threat never arrived and the people at the centre of the archipelago had, quite simply, bricked themselves in.
По окончании выполнения заданий 19—36 не забудьте перенести свои ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ №1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов на задания 19—29 буквы записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую букву или цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.
Проверьте, чтобы каждый ответ был записан рядом с номером соответствующего задания.
Раздел 4. Письменная речь
Для ответов на задания 37 и 38 используйте бланк ответов №2. Черновые пометки можно делать прямо на листе с заданиями или использовать отдельный черновик. При выполнении заданий 37 и 38 особое внимание обратите на то, что Ваши ответы будут оцениваться только по записям, сделанным в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ №2. Никакие записи черновика не будут учитываться экспертом. Обратите внимание также на необходимость соблюдения указанного объёма текста. Тексты недостаточного объёма, а также часть текста, превышающая требуемый объём, не оцениваются. Укажите номер задания 37 в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ №2 и напишите текст своего ответного электронного письма зарубежному другу по переписке.
37. You have received an email message from your English-speaking pen-friend Mary:
From: Mary @mail.uk
To: Russian_friend@oge.ru
Subject: School
…I hope everything is fine at school. What’s your regular school day this year like? What is your favourite school subject, and why? What afterschool clubs do you plan to join this year, if any at all?
I’ve got a new pet…
Write an email to Mary.
In your message:
— answer his questions;
— ask 3 questions about her new pet.
Write 100–140 words.
Remember the rules of email writing.
***
Выберите только ОДНО из двух предложенных заданий (38.1 или 38.2), укажите его номер в БЛАНКЕ ОТВЕТОВ №2 и выполните согласно данному плану. В ответе на задание 38 числительные пишите цифрами.
38.1 Imagine that you are doing a project on why teens have to learn traffic laws in Zetland. You have found some data on the subject — the results of various polls (see the table below).
Comment on the data in the table and give your opinion on the subject of the project.
The opinion poll question:
Why are you learning traffic laws?
Write 200–250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an opening statement on the subject of the project;
— select and report 2–3 facts;
— make 1–2 comparisons where relevant and give your comments;
— outline a problem that can arise with learning traffic laws and suggest a way of solving it;
— conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on the importance of learning traffic laws.
***
38.2 Imagine that you are doing a project on what, according to teens, population growth in Zetland can lead to. You have found some data on the subject — the results оf the opinion polls (see the pie chart below).
Comment on the data in the pie chart and give your opinion on the subject of the project.
The opinion poll question:
What do you think population growth can lead to?
Write 200–250 words.
Use the following plan:
— make an opening statement on the subject of the project;
— select and report 2–3 facts;
— make 1–2 comparisons where relevant and give your comments;
— outline a problem that one can face with overpopulation and suggest a way of solving it;
— conclude by giving and explaining your opinion on the importance of population growth control.
!Проверьте, чтобы каждый ответ был записан рядом с номером соответствующего задания.
Test 22. Устная часть
Task 1
Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation, and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.
Scientists say that in the future people will live longer. With healthier lifestyles and better medical care the average person will live to lOO. But that’s tomorrow. And today, we continue to stuff ourselves with fast food. What is tasty is not always healthy. Doctors say that chips and pizzas are fattening, cola spoils our teeth and coffee shortens our lives. If we eat too much, it will lead to heart disease and other serious illnesses. But the world today is getting fatter and fatter. Lack of exercise is another serious problem. We spend hours in front of our computers and TV-sets. Few of us do morning exercises. We walk less, because we prefer to use cars or public transport. It’s common knowledge that smoking and drinking can shorten our lives dramatically. Yet many young people smoke and drink. We all know that the healthier we are, the better we feel. The better we feel, the longer we live. So why not take care of ourselves?
Task 2
Study the advertisement.
You are considering buying a skateboard and you’d like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask four direct questions to find out the following:
1) if there are extra wheels in the kit
2) a free delivery service
3) country producer
4) availability of other colors of the skateboard
You have 20 seconds to ask each question.
Task 3
You are going to give an interview. You have to answer five questions.
Give full answers to the questions (2–3 sentences).
Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.
Typescript for Task 3
Interviewer: Hello everybody! It’s the Club «TV World». Our guest today is a teenager from Russia and we are going to discuss modern TV. We’d like to know our guest’s point of view on this issue. Please answer five questions. So, let’s get started.
Electronic assistant: How often do you watch TV?
Student: _______________________
Electronic assistant: How can TV be harmful to your health?
Student: _______________________
Electronic assistant: What are your favourite TV programs?
Student: _______________________
Electronic assistant: Why do you think many people prefer watching TV at home to going to the cinema?
Student: _______________________
Electronic assistant: In what way can programmes in English improve students’ knowledge of English?
Student: _______________________
Interviewer: Thank you very much for your interview.
Task 4
Imagine that you and your friend are doing a project «National Songs».
You have found some photos to illustrate it, but for technical reasons you cannot send them now. Leave a voice message to your friend explaining your choice of the photos and sharing some ideas about the project.
In 2.5 minutes, be ready to:
— explain the choice of the illustrations for the project by briefly describing them and noting the differences;
— mention the advantages (1–2) of the two types of;
— mention the disadvantages (1–2) of the two types of learning and performing national songs;
— express your opinion on the subject of the project — whether you know and perform national songs and why.
You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously.
TEST 23
Раздел 1. Аудирование
1. Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу.
1. There are more minuses than pluses about changing schools.
2. Your experience of changing schools will depend on your personality.
3. Your marks can become worse if you change schools.
4. There are a lot of advantages about changing schools.
5. You can prepare better for your exams if you change schools.
6. Changing schools can be a chance to improve your life.
7. When changing schools, it’s hard to leave your past behind.
***
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2. Вы услышите диалог. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А–G соответствуют содержанию текста (1 — True), какие не соответствуют (2 — False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 — Not stated). Занесите номер выбранного Вами варианта ответа в таблицу. Вы услышите запись дважды.
A. The young man thinks he can choose a present himself.
B. The man is choosing a present for his mother’s birthday.
C. The man doesn’t want to spend too much on the present.
D. The man doesn’t think a gift certificate is a good idea.
E. The shop assistant thinks a present would be better than an experience.
F. The young man’s girlfriend has a profile in In-m.
G. The young man often buys flowers to his girlfriend.
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Вы услышите интервью. В заданиях 3–9 запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2 или 3, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Вы услышите запись дважды.
3. The presenter introduces Bob Thomas as…
1) an outdoor lover.
2) a businessman.
3) a fisherman.
Ответ:
4. Bob’s company was founded by…
1) himself.
2) him and his brother.
3) his father.
Ответ:
5. Bob started working on fishing gear…
1) ten years ago.
2) when he was a very young child.
3) when he needed summer money.
Ответ:
6. Bob liked it that his father…
1) spent a lot of time with his children.
2) taught him to fish and hunt.
3) had a successful company.
Ответ:
7. Bob remembers that their family trips to Florida…
1) were very uncomfortable.
2) cost a lot of money.
3) taught him a lot.
Ответ:
8. Bob believes that as a father he…
1) needs to try hard to be like his own dad.
2) shouldn’t follow his father’s example.
3) needs to spend more time with his family.
Ответ:
9. Bob’s «words of wisdom» refer to…
1) his business.
2) nature.
3) family affairs.
Ответ:
По окончании выполнения заданий 1—9 не забудьте перенести ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ №1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов на задания 1 и 2 цифры записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.
Раздел 2. Чтение
10. Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.
1. Future Rescuers
2. Origin of the Superstition
3. Risky Sport
4. Oldest Creatures
5. Discredited Myth
6. Distress Call
7. Visible Obstacle
8. Significant Difference
A. «When men first flew in space, they were amazed to discover that the only men-made object visible from orbit was the Great Wall of China.» This is a nice idea, but it’s not true. The Great Wall is mostly grey stone in a grey landscape and, in fact, is very difficult to see even from an aeroplane flying at a mere 15 kilometres above. What can be seen when orbiting the earth are the fires of African desert people and the lights of fishing boats off Japan.
В. The term «Mayday’ is an internationally recognized radio signal which is only used when a ship is in great danger and needs help immediately. The signal is transmitted on a wavelength of 2.182 kHz, which is permanently monitored by rescue services on the shore. The use of this expression has a very straightforward explanation. It came from the French phrase «m’aidez’, which means «help me’.
С. In 1700, Henri Misson, a Frenchman visiting Britain, asked villagers why they had horseshoes nailed above their doors. They said it was to keep witches away. Horseshoes are made of iron and the strength of the iron was thought to protect from evil. Still today they are thought to bring good luck and many brides carry silver ones at their weddings. The position of the horseshoe is very important. It must point upwards like a cup so that the luck cannot fall out.
D. Women generally live about six years longer than men. Evidence suggests that boys are the weaker sex at birth, which means that more die in infancy. Also, women do not have as much heart disease as men. In terms of lifestyle, men smoke more than women and thus more die of smoking-related diseases. Also, they generally have more dangerous occupations, such as building work.
E. Scientists say that rats can help look for earthquake survivors buried in the ruined buildings. Dogs are already used to search for people, but rats can be even more useful. Like dogs they’ve got a great sense of smell, but scientists still need to train rats to sniff out people and to carry special radio transmitters to let them know when the survivor is found. Rats may also be trained to find bombs or explosives.
F. Dinosaurs roared for about 150 million years before they disappeared. We humans have only been around for about 2 million years. But cockroaches are 350 million years old and still going strong! Cockroaches can survive in extreme conditions. They can be frozen, then thawed, and walk away as if nothing had happened. They can go for incredibly long time without eating anything. And that is the secret of their success!
G. Founded in 1980, BASE jumping grew out of skydiving. But BASE jumping is much more dangerous than skydiving that is why it is banned in many countries. Legal jumps now happen on specific days and from approved structures. However, like other extreme sports, it’s the risk of disaster that makes BASE jumping so exciting.
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11. Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.
Clothing
Clothing is a distinctly human artefact. Even more than the use of tools, it distinguishes humans from the other creatures on this planet. The basic purpose of clothing was originally practical. By putting on a skin, humans were able to move into regions ___ (A). An example of this use of clothing can be seen among the Eskimos, and other people who live with extreme cold. However, clothing was not only used for protection, but has also been a means of displaying one’s status. Thus, clothing also developed in countries ___ (B).
Clothing tells us many things about the wearer. It can be used to indicate ___ (C). The most extreme example of this type of clothing is a uniform.
A dress code is very important in business. It is a rare businessman ___ (D).
Most politicians also try to be neat and well-dressed.
The significance of what we wear is becoming more important ___ (E). There have been cases on holiday islands where the locals have been outraged by foreign visitors — especially female visitors — who wear far less than the minimum that the locals consider decent. Actually, the signals given by clothing as worn by men and women have decreased ___ (F). For example, today most women are very comfortable wearing jeans. Yet the sight of a man in a dress would raise eyebrows in most western cultures.
Clothing is very important in our society. So it is highly unlikely that there will be no use for clothing in the future, unless humanity evolves into a completely new species.
1. where there is no real practical need for it
2. because more people started to follow fashion
3. who does not feel the need to wear a suit and tie
4. where they otherwise would have been unable to cope with the climate
5. because many women now wear what were once «men’s’ clothes
6. as the cultures of the world mix
7. whether a person is a member of a particular group or organisation
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Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
The Open Window
«My aunt will be down presently, Mr. Nuttel,» said a very self-possessed young lady of fifteen; «in the meantime you must try and put up with me.»
Framton Nuttel endeavoured to say the correct something which should duly flatter the niece of the moment without unduly discounting the aunt that was to come. Privately he doubted more than ever whether these formal visits on a succession of total strangers would do much towards helping the nerve cure which he was supposed to be undergoing.
«I know how it will be,» his sister had said when he was preparing to migrate to this rural retreat; «you will bury yourself down there and not speak to a living soul, and your nerves will be worse than ever from moping. I shall just give you letters of introduction to all the people I know there. Some of them, as far as I can remember, were quite nice.»
Framton wondered whether Mrs. Sappleton, the lady to whom he was presenting one of the letters of introduction came into the nice division.
«Do you know many of the people round here?» asked the niece, when she judged that they had had sufficient silent communion.
«Hardly a soul,» said Framton. «My sister was staying here, at the rectory, you know, some four years ago, and she gave me letters of introduction to some of the people here.»
He made the last statement in a tone of distinct regret.
«Then you know practically nothing about my aunt?» pursued the self-possessed young lady.
«Only her name and address,» admitted the caller. He was wondering whether Mrs. Sappleton was in the married or widowed state. An indefinable something about the room seemed to suggest masculine habitation.
«Her great tragedy happened just three years ago; that would be since your sister’s time. You may wonder why we keep that window wide open on an October afternoon,» said the niece, indicating a large French window that opened on to a lawn.
«It is quite warm for the time of the year,» said Framton; «but has that window got anything to do with the tragedy?»
«Out through that window, three years ago to a day, her husband and her two young brothers went off for their day’s shooting. They never came back. In crossing the moor to their favourite snipe-shooting ground they were all three engulfed in a treacherous piece of bog. It had been that dreadful wet summer, you know, and places that were safe in other years gave way suddenly without warning. Their bodies were never recovered. That was the dreadful part of it.»
Here the child’s voice lost its self-possessed note and became falteringly human. «Poor aunt always thinks that they will come back someday, they and the little brown spaniel that was lost with them, and walk in at that window just as they used to do. That is why the window is kept open every evening till it is quite dusk. Poor dear aunt, she has often told me how they went out, her husband with his white waterproof coat over his arm, and Ronnie, her youngest brother, singing «Bertie, why do you bound?» as he always did to tease her, because she said it got on her nerves. Do you know, sometimes on still, quiet evenings like this, I almost get a creepy feeling that they will all walk in through that window’
She broke off with a little shudder. It was a relief to Framton when the aunt bustled into the room with a whirl of apologies for being late in making her appearance.
«I hope Vera has been amusing you?» she said.
«She has been very interesting,» said Framton.
«I hope you don’t mind the open window,» said Mrs. Sappleton briskly; «my husband and brothers will be home directly from shooting, and they always come in this way. They’ve been out for snipe in the marshes today, so they’ll make a fine mess over my poor carpets.»
She rattled on cheerfully about the shooting and the scarcity of birds, and the prospects for duck in the winter. To Framton it was all purely horrible. It was certainly an unfortunate coincidence that he should have paid his visit on this tragic anniversary.
«The doctors agree in ordering me complete rest, an absence of mental excitement, and avoidance of anything in the nature of violent physical exercise,» announced Framton, who laboured under the tolerably widespread delusion that total strangers and chance acquaintances are hungry for the least detail of one’s ailments and infirmities, their cause and cure. «On the matter of diet they are not so much in agreement,» he continued.
«No?» said Mrs. Sappleton, in a voice which only replaced a yawn at the last moment. Then she suddenly brightened into alert attention but not to what Framton was saying.
«Here they are at last!» she cried. «Just in time for tea, and don’t they look as if they were muddy up to the eyes?!»
Framton shivered slightly and turned towards the niece with a look intended to convey sympathetic comprehension. The child was staring out through the open window with a dazed horror in her eyes. In a chill shock of nameless fear Framton swung round in his seat and looked in the same direction.
In the deepening twilight three figures were walking across the lawn towards the window, they all carried guns under their arms, and one of them was additionally burdened with a white coat hung over his shoulders. A tired brown spaniel kept close at their heels. Noiselessly they neared the house, and then a hoarse young voice chanted out of the dusk: «I said, Bertie, why do you bound?»
Framton grabbed wildly at his stick and hat; the hall door, the gravel drive, and the front gate were dimly noted stages in his headlong retreat.
«Here we are, my dear,» said the bearer of the white mackintosh, coming in through the window, «fairly muddy, but most of it is dry. Who was that man who bolted out as we came up?»
«A most extraordinary man, a Mr. Nuttel,» said Mrs. Sappleton; «could only talk about his illnesses, and dashed off without a word of goodbye or apology when you arrived. One would think he had seen a ghost.»
«I expect it was the spaniel,» said the niece calmly; «he told me he had a horror of dogs. He was once hunted into a cemetery somewhere on the banks of the Ganges by a pack of pariah dogs, and had to spend the night in a newly dug grave with the creatures snarling and grinning and foaming just above him. Enough to make anyone lose their nerve.»
Romance at short notice was her speciality.
12. Framton Nuttel went to stay in the countryside…
1) to get acquainted with a young girl.
2) to enjoy being alone.
3) to improve his health.
4) to find a job.
Ответ:
13. Vera told Framton that Mrs. Sappleton’s husband and two brothers…
1) had been killed while shooting.
2) had died in the swamp.
3) had drowned in the pond.
4) had gone for a walk and disappeared.
Ответ:
14. The French window was open because…
1) it was stuffy in the room.
2) Mrs. Sappleton usually kept her windows open.
3) it was used as a door.
4) Mrs. Sappleton was still waiting for the missing people.
Ответ:
15. When Mrs. Sappleton came into the room, she looked…
1) quite happy.
2) angry.
3) very sad.
4) worried.
Ответ:
16. The doctors ordered Framton…
1) a special diet.
2) mental excitement.
3) physical exercise.
4) total relaxation.
Ответ:
17. Framton dashed off without saying goodbye because he…
1) was in a hurry.
2) had seen a ghost.
3) thought he had seen a ghost.
4) had a horror of dogs.
Ответ:
18. Vera was…
1) in her twenties.
2) quite amusing.
3) good at making up exciting stories.
4) aware of Framton’s adventures.
Ответ:
По окончании выполнения заданий 10–18 не забудьте перенести свои ответы в БЛАНК ОТВЕТОВ №1! Запишите ответ справа от номера соответствующего задания, начиная с первой клеточки. При переносе ответов на задания 10 и 11 цифры записываются без пробелов, запятых и других дополнительных символов. Каждую цифру пишите в отдельной клеточке в соответствии с приведёнными в бланке образцами.
Раздел 3. Грамматика и лексика
Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19—24, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19—24.
Swimming Pools
19. The first heated swimming pool ……………… by Gaius Maecenas of Rome in the first century BС.
CONSTRUCT
20. Swimming pools became popular in Britain in the beginning of the 19th century. By 1837, London authorities ……………… six indoor pools with diving boards.
BUILD
21. The ……………… surviving swimming club in the world is the Arlington Baths Club in Glasgow. It is still an active club and continues to own its original Victorian building with a large pool.
OLD
22. After the start of modem Olympic Games in 1896, the popularity of swimming pools ……………… off. Nowadays, there are lots of different swimming pools, both public and private.
TAKE
23. Most ……………… enjoy swimming and swimming pools with their wave-making machines, water slides and tropical vegetation are something unique for them.
CHILD
24. If they could, kids ……………… to spend their entire summer in the swimming pool.
CHOOSE
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Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 25—29, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 25—29.
Waste Management
25. Waste affects our environment — everything that surrounds us including the air, water, land, plants, and man-made things. We need a healthy environment for our own health and ……………………….
HAPPY
26. The waste we create has to be ……………………… controlled to be sure that it does not harm our environment and our health.
CAREFUL
27. So ……………………… waste management is very important.
EFFECT
28. Waste reduction and recycling have a wide range of environmental benefits and promote public awareness and personal ……………………… for the waste we create.
RESPONSIBLE
29. The best place to start making a ……………………… is our home. Learn how you can reduce, reuse, and recycle materials to decrease household waste.
DIFFER
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Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 30—36. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 30—36, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Globalization and Communication Growth
The 21st century has 30 …… in a new era in man’s ongoing quest for a better life and a better world. For the first time in history, we can now claim to live in «One World.» Globalization has removed many of the gaps that have existed between and among nations. While the physical divide is still present, the 31 …… of the Information Highway on how we communicate and live in the present day is simply staggering. Rapid improvements in information technology have allowed us to exchange information and communicate almost everywhere, anywhere, and anytime.
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