
Предисловие
Дорогие читатели,
Перед вами учебное пособие, предназначенное для тех, кто изучает английский язык и стремится улучшить навыки письменной речи. Основная цель этой книги — помочь учащимся научиться создавать тексты различных типов: личные эссе, описательные работы, письма, отчёты и статьи. Особое внимание уделено не только грамматике, но и стилю письма, логической структуре текста и правильному использованию лексики.
В книге представлены практические рекомендации, шаблоны и справочные материалы, которые позволяют последовательно строить тексты. Каждый раздел включает примеры, полезные слова и выражения, а также упражнения с ответами для закрепления материала. Дополнительно в конце книги собраны справочники: формальные выражения, синонимы и антонимы, связки для эссе, а также чек-лист самопроверки текста.
Я надеюсь, что данное пособие будет полезно как для самостоятельного обучения, так и для работы в классе. Оно позволяет учащимся постепенно совершенствовать навыки письменной речи, осознанно использовать различные типы предложений, расширять словарный запас и улучшать логику изложения мыслей.
Желаю успехов в изучении английского языка и в развитии навыков письменного выражения!
Writing a Personal Narrative
Writing Focus: Personal Narrative
Personal narrative — это рассказ о вашем личном опыте или событии из жизни. Основная цель — показать события, эмоции и мысли, чтобы читатель мог представить происходящее.
Особенности стиля:
Повествование от первого лица (I).
Использование Past Simple и Past Continuous для описания событий.
Включение деталей (место, время, эмоции) для живости текста.
Чёткая структура: Introduction → Main Events → Conclusion.
Слова-связки для логики: first, then, after that, finally, suddenly, at that moment.
Включение эмоций и размышлений: I felt… I realized… It was unforgettable…
Советы для школьников:
Начните с интересного вступления: где и когда происходило событие.
Используйте конкретные детали и описания, чтобы сделать рассказ живым.
Заканчивайте выводом или уроком, который вы извлекли из опыта.
Model Essay
Title: My First Camping Trip
Last summer, I went on my first camping trip with my family. I was very excited because I had never slept in a tent before. Early in the morning, we packed our bags and drove to the forest. The sun was shining, and birds were singing, which made everything feel magical.
When we arrived, we set up our tent and prepared a small fire. While my father was cooking, I was exploring the nearby river. Suddenly, I saw a group of ducks swimming, and I felt very happy. In the evening, we sat around the fire, telling stories and roasting marshmallows. I realized that camping is not only fun but also a great way to spend time with family.
By the end of the trip, I felt tired but very satisfied. This experience taught me how important it is to try new things and enjoy nature. I will never forget my first camping trip, and I hope to go again next summer.
Useful Words and Expressions
personal narrative — личный рассказ
experience — опыт
unforgettable — незабываемый
I realized — я понял
first, then, after that, finally — сначала, затем, после этого, наконец
suddenly — внезапно
I felt… — я чувствовал…
it was exciting — это было захватывающе
while — пока
at that moment — в тот момент
explore — исследовать
prepare a fire — разводить костёр
roast marshmallows — жарить маршмеллоу
magical — волшебный
satisfied — довольный
nature — природа
try new things — пробовать новое
spend time with family — проводить время с семьёй
Exercises
Exercise 1. Identify the structure
Mark the parts of the essay: Introduction, Main Events, Conclusion.
Exercise 2. Linking words
Match the linking words with their function:
first →…
then →…
after that →…
finally →…
suddenly →…
Exercise 3. Personal practice
Answer in 2–3 sentences each:
What is one unforgettable experience from your life?
How did you feel during that experience?
What did you learn from it?
When did it happen?
Who was with you?
Answer Key
Exercise 1
Introduction: Last summer, I went on my first camping trip…
Main Events: Early in the morning, we packed our bags… Suddenly, I saw a group of ducks…
Conclusion: By the end of the trip, I felt tired but very satisfied…
Exercise 2
first → beginning of a sequence
then → next event
after that → next action in sequence
finally → conclusion of sequence
suddenly → unexpected event
Exercise 3 (Sample Answers)
One unforgettable experience was my first camping trip last summer.
I felt excited and a little nervous at first, but later I was very happy.
I learned that trying new things can be fun and rewarding.
It happened in July, during the summer holidays.
I was with my parents and my younger brother.
Writing a Descriptive Essay
Writing Focus: Descriptive Essay
Descriptive essay — это эссе, в котором нужно создать яркую картину в голове читателя с помощью слов. Цель — описать место, человека, предмет или событие так, чтобы читатель мог «увидеть» и «почувствовать» это.
Особенности стиля:
Используется детальное описание: внешность, цвета, запахи, звуки, движения.
Часто пишут от первого или третьего лица (I / we / he / she).
Используются прилагательные, наречия, образные выражения: beautiful, loud, sparkling.
Структура: Introduction → Body (details) → Conclusion (impression or feeling).
Связки для описания: in the distance, next to, above, near, surrounded by, full of.
Советы для школьников:
Начните с общей картины: где, когда, общее впечатление.
Добавляйте детали по пяти чувствам: зрение, слух, запах, осязание, вкус (если уместно).
Заканчивайте выводом: какое впечатление осталось, что вы почувствовали.
Model Essay
Title: A Walk in the Park
Last Sunday, I visited the central park in my city. The park was full of life and colors. Tall green trees were swaying gently in the wind, and the sunlight was sparkling through the leaves. Birds were singing, and children were laughing as they played near the fountain.
As I walked along the winding path, I noticed the smell of fresh flowers from the garden. People were jogging, walking dogs, and enjoying their morning. A gentle breeze touched my face, and I felt calm and relaxed. Near the lake, ducks were swimming peacefully, and the water reflected the blue sky and fluffy clouds.
I sat on a bench for a while, listening to the sounds around me. Everything seemed perfect, and magical. This visit reminded me how beautiful and relaxing nature can be, even in the middle of a busy city. I realized that spending time outdoors helps me feel happy and refreshed.
Useful Words and Expressions
descriptive essay — описательное эссе
scene — сцена, пейзаж
atmosphere — атмосфера
calm — спокойный
magical — волшебный
full of — полный
surrounded by — окружённый
sparkling — сверкающий
gently — мягко, нежно
smell of flowers — запах цветов
hear / listen — слышать / слушать
reflect — отражать
winding path — извилистая дорожка
vibrant colors — яркие цвета
feel relaxed — чувствовать себя расслабленным
enjoy nature — наслаждаться природой
Exercises
Exercise 1. Identify details
Find examples of sight, sound, smell, touch in the essay.
Exercise 2. Linking phrases
Match linking words/phrases with their function:
near →…
surrounded by →…
in the distance →…
full of →…
above →…
Exercise 3. Personal practice
Answer in 2–3 sentences each:
Describe a place you like to visit.
What do you notice when you are there?
How do you feel in that place?
Can you describe it using at least three senses?
What makes this place special for you?
Answer Key
Exercise 1
Sight: Tall green trees were swaying gently in the wind; sunlight was sparkling…
Sound: Birds were singing; children were laughing…
Smell: I noticed the smell of fresh flowers from the garden.
Touch: A gentle breeze touched my face.
Exercise 2
near → close to something
surrounded by → with something all around
in the distance → far away
full of → containing a lot of
above → over something
Exercise 3 (Sample Answers)
I like to visit the city park near my house.
I notice flowers, trees, birds, and people walking or jogging.
I feel calm, relaxed, and happy when I am there.
I can see the trees, hear birds singing, and smell the flowers.
This place is special because it is peaceful and beautiful even in the busy city.
Mini Tips
Use adjectives and adverbs to make descriptions vivid.
Include details for multiple senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste).
Use linking phrases like near, above, full of to organize your description.
Writing an Opinion Essay
Writing Focus: Opinion Essay
Opinion essay — это эссе, в котором нужно выразить своё мнение по определённой теме и поддержать его аргументами. Цель — убедить читателя в вашей точке зрения.
Особенности стиля:
Пишется от первого лица (I believe, In my opinion).
Чёткая структура: Introduction → Arguments (Body) → Conclusion.
Используются связки для аргументации: Firstly, Secondly, In addition, Moreover, On the other hand.
Включение примеров из жизни или общего опыта для поддержки мнения.
Язык формальный или нейтральный; избегаем сленга и разговорных слов.
Советы для школьников:
Начните с вступления, где вы прямо говорите своё мнение.
В теле эссе приводите 2–3 аргумента с примерами.
Заканчивайте выводом, подводя итог вашему мнению.
Используйте слова-связки, чтобы текст был связным.
Model Essay
Title: Should School Uniforms Be Mandatory?
In my opinion, school uniforms should be mandatory for all students. Firstly, uniforms create a sense of equality among students. When everyone wears the same clothes, there is less pressure to follow fashion trends, and students can focus more on learning.
Secondly, uniforms help students feel part of a community. Wearing the same uniform shows that everyone belongs to the school, which can improve discipline and school spirit. Moreover, uniforms save time in the morning because students do not have to decide what to wear every day.
On the other hand, some people believe that uniforms limit self-expression. While this is partly true, students can express themselves through hairstyles, accessories, and hobbies instead of clothes.
In conclusion, I strongly believe that school uniforms have more advantages than disadvantages. They promote equality, community, and focus on studies. Therefore, schools should make uniforms mandatory for all students.
Useful Words and Expressions
opinion essay — эссе с выражением мнения
in my opinion — по моему мнению
I believe — я считаю
firstly / secondly / thirdly — во-первых / во-вторых / в-третьих
in addition / moreover — кроме того / более того
on the other hand — с другой стороны
for example — например
conclusion — вывод
advantages — преимущества
disadvantages — недостатки
focus on — сосредоточиться на
equality — равенство
community — сообщество
school spirit — школьный дух
mandatory — обязательный
limit self-expression — ограничивать самовыражение
discipline — дисциплина
Exercises
Exercise 1. Identify the structure
Mark the parts of the essay: Introduction, Arguments (Body), Conclusion.
Exercise 2. Linking words
Match linking words/phrases with their function:
Firstly →…
Moreover →…
On the other hand →…
In conclusion →…
For example →…
Exercise 3. Personal practice
Answer in 2–3 sentences each:
What is your opinion on school uniforms?
Give two reasons to support your opinion.
Can you think of a counter-argument?
How would you conclude your essay?
Name one topic you could write an opinion essay about.
Answer Key
Exercise 1
Introduction: In my opinion, school uniforms should be mandatory…
Arguments (Body): Firstly, uniforms create a sense of equality… On the other hand, some people believe…
Conclusion: In conclusion, I strongly believe that school uniforms have more advantages…
Exercise 2
Firstly → introducing first argument
Moreover → adding an additional argument
On the other hand → presenting a counter-argument
In conclusion → summarizing opinion
For example → giving an example
Exercise 3 (Sample Answers)
I believe school uniforms should be optional because students should express themselves.
Firstly, uniforms can be uncomfortable. Secondly, they limit creativity.
Some people think uniforms help create equality among students.
In conclusion, even though uniforms have benefits, I think students should have a choice.
I could write an opinion essay about whether homework should be banned.
Mini Tips
Always state your opinion clearly in the introduction.
Support arguments with examples or reasons.
Use linking words to make your text coherent.
Include a counter-argument if possible, then refute it.
Conclude by restating your opinion and summarizing main points.
Writing an Argumentative Essay
Writing Focus: Argumentative Essay
Argumentative essay — это эссе, в котором нужно не просто выразить мнение, а убедить читателя в своей точке зрения с помощью логики, фактов и примеров.
Особенности стиля:
Стиль формальный или нейтральный.
Чёткая структура: Introduction → Arguments with Evidence → Counter-Argument → Conclusion.
Используются слова-связки для аргументации и контрастов: Firstly, Furthermore, In addition, However, On the other hand, Therefore.
Каждый аргумент должен быть подкреплён примером, статистикой или фактами.
Обязательно включаем контраргумент (opposing view) и его опровержение.
Советы для школьников:
Вступление: коротко представьте тему и своё мнение.
Основная часть: 2–3 аргумента с доказательствами.
Контраргумент: покажите, что вы понимаете противоположное мнение, но объясните, почему оно слабее.
Заключение: повторите своё мнение и подведите итог аргументам.
Model Essay
Title: Should Mobile Phones Be Allowed in School?
In today’s world, mobile phones have become essential, but should students be allowed to use them in school? I strongly believe that mobile phones should not be allowed during lessons.
Firstly, mobile phones can distract students from learning. Many students check social media, send messages, or play games instead of focusing on the lesson. For example, a recent survey showed that 60% of students admitted they used phones during class.
Secondly, mobile phones can negatively affect communication skills. When students spend too much time on phones, they interact less with teachers and classmates. This can reduce teamwork and social skills development.
However, some people argue that phones are useful for learning, as they can access educational apps and information. While this is partly true, schools can provide computers or tablets for educational purposes without allowing personal phones, which reduces distractions.
In conclusion, mobile phones should not be allowed in school lessons because they distract students and reduce communication skills. Schools can find other ways to provide technology for learning. Therefore, the disadvantages outweigh the advantages.
Useful Words and Expressions
argumentative essay — аргументативное эссе
evidence — доказательство
fact / statistic — факт / статистика
in my opinion — по моему мнению
I believe — я считаю
firstly / secondly / thirdly — во-первых / во-вторых / в-третьих
furthermore / in addition — более того / кроме того
however — однако
on the other hand — с другой стороны
for example — например
therefore — следовательно
counter-argument — контраргумент
opposing view — противоположная точка зрения
outweigh — перевешивать, иметь большее значение
distract — отвлекать
social skills — социальные навыки
teamwork — командная работа
essential — необходимый
reduce — уменьшать
lesson — урок
Exercises
Exercise 1. Identify parts of the essay
Mark the Introduction, Arguments with Evidence, Counter-Argument, Conclusion.
Exercise 2. Linking words
Match linking words/phrases with their function:
Firstly →…
Furthermore →…
However →…
On the other hand →…
Therefore →…
Exercise 3. Personal practice
Answer in 2–3 sentences each:
Choose a topic you feel strongly about. What is your opinion?
Give two arguments to support your opinion.
Can you think of a counter-argument? How would you refute it?
Write a concluding sentence summarizing your opinion.
What examples or facts could you use to strengthen your argument?
Answer Key
Exercise 1
Introduction: In today’s world, mobile phones have become essential…
Arguments with Evidence: Firstly, mobile phones can distract students… Secondly, mobile phones can negatively affect communication…
Counter-Argument: However, some people argue that phones are useful…
Conclusion: In conclusion, mobile phones should not be allowed… Therefore, the disadvantages outweigh the advantages.
Exercise 2
Firstly → introducing first argument
Furthermore → adding additional argument
However → presenting contrast
On the other hand → showing opposing view
Therefore → drawing a conclusion
Exercise 3 (Sample Answers)
Topic: Should students have part-time jobs? I believe yes.
Firstly, students can learn responsibility. Secondly, they gain work experience.
Some say jobs distract from studies. I think with proper time management, it can be balanced.
In conclusion, having a part-time job teaches valuable skills while students can still focus on learning.
For example, surveys show students with jobs often manage their time better.
Mini Tips
Always support your opinion with evidence or examples.
Include a counter-argument to show critical thinking.
Use linking words for clarity and flow.
End with a strong conclusion restating your opinion and summarizing arguments.
Stick to formal/neutral style, avoid slang.
Writing a Compare and Contrast Essay
Writing Focus: Compare and Contrast Essay
Compare and contrast essay — это эссе, в котором нужно сравнить два предмета, человека, место, событие или идею, показывая сходства и различия. Цель — помочь читателю понять обе стороны и сделать вывод.
Особенности стиля:
Используется логическая структура: Introduction → Similarities → Differences → Conclusion.
Часто применяются слова-связки: both, similarly, alike, however, on the other hand, in contrast.
Можно писать от первого лица (I think…), но чаще формальный стиль.
Каждый параграф должен включать конкретные детали или примеры.
Заключение подводит итог, делая вывод о сравнении.
Советы для школьников:
Чётко обозначьте, что сравниваете.
Используйте слова для сходства и различий.
Не смешивайте сходства и различия в одном предложении — делайте отдельные параграфы.
Приводите реальные примеры для каждой точки.
Model Essay
Title: City Life vs. Country Life
City life and country life are very different, but they also have some similarities. Both offer unique experiences and opportunities, but the environment and pace of life are quite different.
In the city, people have access to many facilities, such as shopping malls, cinemas, and restaurants. Public transport is convenient, and there are many job opportunities. Similarly, the city offers cultural events, educational centers, and entertainment options that are not always available in the countryside.
However, city life can be noisy, crowded, and stressful. The air is often polluted, and people may feel rushed all the time. On the other hand, country life is peaceful and quiet. People enjoy fresh air, natural landscapes, and a slower pace of life. For example, walking in the forest or visiting a local farm can be very relaxing.
In conclusion, both city and country life have advantages and disadvantages. Cities provide opportunities and activities, while the countryside offers peace and a closer connection to nature. Personally, I prefer country life because I enjoy calm surroundings, but I also appreciate occasional trips to the city.
Useful Words and Expressions
compare and contrast essay — эссе с сравнением
similarity / similarly — сходство / аналогично
alike — похоже, одинаково
difference / in contrast — различие / напротив
both — оба
however — однако
on the other hand — с другой стороны
in conclusion — в заключение
personally — лично
offer opportunities — предоставлять возможности
pace of life — ритм жизни
crowded — переполненный
peaceful — спокойный
environment — окружение, среда
convenient — удобный
connect with nature — связь с природой
relax — расслабляться
facilities — удобства
educational centers — образовательные учреждения
cultural events — культурные мероприятия
Exercises
Exercise 1. Identify similarities and differences
Read the essay and mark which sentences show similarities and which show differences.
Exercise 2. Linking words
Match the linking words with their function:
both →…
similarly →…
however →…
on the other hand →…
in contrast →…
Exercise 3. Personal practice
Answer in 2–3 sentences each:
Compare your hometown with another city or town.
Name two similarities between them.
Name two differences.
Which place do you prefer and why?
Can you describe an activity that is better in one place than the other?
Answer Key
Exercise 1
Similarities: Both offer unique experiences and opportunities… Similarly, the city offers cultural events…
Differences: City life can be noisy… On the other hand, country life is peaceful…
Exercise 2
both → showing similarity
similarly → adding similarity
however → introducing contrast
on the other hand → introducing opposite side
in contrast → showing difference
Exercise 3 (Sample Answers)
I compare my small town with the capital city.
Both have schools and parks for children.
The city is crowded and noisy, while my town is peaceful and quiet.
I prefer my town because I like calm surroundings.
Shopping is better in the city because there are more stores.
Mini Tips
Use separate paragraphs for similarities and differences.
Use linking words to make comparison clear.
Provide specific examples to support each point.
In the conclusion, summarize your findings and give your preference if needed.
Avoid mixing personal opinion with facts in the comparison paragraphs — leave opinion for the conclusion.
Writing a Cause and Effect Essay
Writing Focus: Cause and Effect Essay
Cause and effect essay — это эссе, в котором нужно показать причину (why something happened) и следствие (what happened as a result). Цель — помочь читателю понять взаимосвязь событий или явлений.
Особенности стиля:
Чёткая структура: Introduction → Causes → Effects → Conclusion.
Используются слова-связки для причин и следствий: because, due to, as a result, therefore, consequently, so.
Каждый параграф должен содержать конкретные примеры или факты.
Можно писать от первого лица (I think…), но формальный стиль предпочтительнее.
В заключении подводим итог: причины и последствия, личное мнение или вывод.
Советы для школьников:
Определите главную тему эссе: какое событие или явление вы анализируете.
Чётко разграничивайте причины и последствия.
Используйте примеры из жизни, истории или науки.
Связки помогают показать логическую последовательность.
Model Essay
Title: The Effects of Watching Too Much TV
Nowadays, many teenagers watch a lot of television, and this can have negative effects. There are several reasons why people watch too much TV, and these reasons lead to different consequences.
Firstly, watching TV is entertaining and easy. After a long day at school, many teenagers prefer to relax in front of the screen rather than doing homework or reading books. Secondly, TV programs are attractive and sometimes addictive. The variety of shows and the excitement of new episodes make people spend hours watching.
As a result, excessive TV watching can affect school performance. Students may have less time for studying and completing assignments. In addition, watching too much TV can reduce physical activity, leading to health problems like weight gain or fatigue. Furthermore, it may affect social life because teenagers spend more time alone or with family instead of friends.
In conclusion, watching too much TV has several causes, such as relaxation and attractive programs, and many negative effects, including poor school performance, health issues, and less social interaction. Therefore, teenagers should balance their time and spend more hours on study, sports, and hobbies.
Useful Words and Expressions
cause and effect essay — эссе о причинах и следствиях
cause — причина
effect — следствие
because — потому что
due to — из-за
as a result — в результате
therefore — следовательно
consequently — следовательно, поэтому
so — поэтому
lead to — приводить к
result in — привести к
as a consequence — в качестве следствия
impact — влияние
negative / positive effect — отрицательный / положительный эффект
excessive — чрезмерный
health problems — проблемы со здоровьем
reduce — уменьшать
social life — социальная жизнь
balance time — распределять время
hobby — хобби
Exercises
Exercise 1. Identify causes and effects
Read the essay and mark sentences that describe causes and sentences that describe effects.
Exercise 2. Linking words
Match linking words/phrases with their function:
because →…
due to →…
as a result →…
therefore →…
consequently →…
Exercise 3. Personal practice
Answer in 2–3 sentences each:
Name one habit that has both causes and effects in your life.
What is the main cause of this habit?
What are two effects of this habit?
How could you reduce the negative effects?
Do you think the positive effects outweigh the negative effects?
Answer Key
Exercise 1
Causes: Watching TV is entertaining and easy… TV programs are attractive and sometimes addictive.
Effects: Excessive TV watching can affect school performance… reduce physical activity… affect social life.
Exercise 2
because → showing reason
due to → showing reason
as a result → showing consequence
therefore → showing conclusion or consequence
consequently → showing consequence
Exercise 3 (Sample Answers)
My habit is spending too much time on my phone.
The main cause is boredom and easy access to apps.
Two effects are less time for homework and less sleep.
I could reduce negative effects by setting a daily time limit.
No, the negative effects outweigh the positive effects because it affects my health and studies.
Mini Tips
Always separate causes and effects clearly in paragraphs.
Use linking words to show relationships.
Provide examples or personal experiences to illustrate points.
Conclude by summarizing causes and effects and giving advice or opinion.
Check that your essay flows logically from cause to effect.
Writing an Informal Email
Writing Focus: Informal Email
Informal email — это письмо другу, родственнику или знакомому. Главное — дружелюбный, простой и понятный стиль. В отличие от формального письма, здесь можно использовать сокращения, эмоциональные выражения и личные истории.
Особенности стиля:
Начало письма: Dear [Name], Hi [Name], Hello [Name]
Вступление: коротко о том, почему пишете или как дела.
Основная часть: делитесь новостями, историями, впечатлениями, задавайте вопросы.
Заключение: выражение надежды на ответ, прощание.
Завершение письма: Best wishes, Cheers, See you soon, Love,
Используются повседневные слова, разговорные выражения, эмоции: excited, amazing, can’t wait, guess what.
Советы для школьников:
Пишите просто и естественно, как говорите в жизни.
Задавайте вопросы, чтобы другой человек мог легко ответить.
Добавляйте небольшие личные истории или впечатления.
Проверяйте орфографию и грамматику, но стиль дружелюбный.
Model Email
Subject: My Summer Holiday
Hi Emma,
I hope you are doing well! I just wanted to tell you about my summer holiday because it was amazing. Last month, my family and I went to the seaside for two weeks. The weather was perfect, sunny and warm every day. We swam in the sea, built sandcastles, and tried some new seafood. I was really excited because it was my first time on a boat, and I even saw dolphins!
In the evenings, we walked along the beach and watched the sunset. It was so beautiful that I took many photos. I also met some friendly kids from another town, and we played games together.
How was your summer? Did you do anything exciting or new? I can’t wait to hear about it.
See you soon,
Anna
Useful Words and Expressions
informal email — неформальное письмо
Hi / Hello / Dear — приветствие
I hope you are doing well — надеюсь, у тебя всё хорошо
just wanted to tell you — просто хотела рассказать
amazing — потрясающий
I was really excited — я был (а) в восторге
guess what — угадай что
can’t wait — не могу дождаться
in the evenings — по вечерам
walked along — гулял (а) вдоль
sunset — закат
tried some new… — попробовал (а) новое…
played games — играл (а) в игры
first time — первый раз
friendly kids — дружелюбные дети
tell me about… — расскажи мне о…
see you soon — до скорого
best wishes — всего наилучшего
Love — с любовью / тепло
exciting — захватывающий, интересный
Exercises
Exercise 1. Identify parts of the email
Mark the Greeting, Introduction, Body, Questions, Closing.
Exercise 2. Match phrases
Match the phrases with their function:
I hope you are doing well →…
I just wanted to tell you →…
How was your summer? →…
See you soon →…
Can’t wait to hear from you →…
Exercise 3. Personal practice
Write 2–3 sentences answers:
Who would you write an informal email to?
What would you tell them about?
Ask one question to your friend in the email.
How would you end the email?
Give an example of an expression you would use to show excitement.
Answer Key
Exercise 1
Greeting: Hi Emma,
Introduction: I hope you are doing well! I just wanted to tell you about my summer holiday…
Body: Last month, my family and I went to the seaside… I was really excited…
Questions: How was your summer? Did you do anything exciting or new?
Closing: See you soon, Anna
Exercise 2
I hope you are doing well → greeting / introduction
I just wanted to tell you → starting the story / body
How was your summer? → asking a question
See you soon → closing / farewell
Can’t wait to hear from you → expressing anticipation / closing
Exercise 3 (Sample Answers)
I would write an email to my best friend.
I would tell them about my school trip last week.
Did you go anywhere interesting during the holidays?
I would end the email with «See you soon» or «Best wishes».
I could say, «I was so excited to try it!»
Mini Tips
Keep it friendly and natural, like talking to a friend.
Include questions to encourage a reply.
Use expressions for emotions and excitement.
Check grammar and spelling, but don’t overcomplicate.
End with a friendly closing: See you soon, Best wishes, Love.
Writing a Formal Email
Writing Focus: Formal Email
Formal email — это письмо, предназначенное для учителей, администрации школы, организаций или незнакомых людей. Основная цель — сообщить информацию или запросить что-то официально, вежливо и ясно.
Особенности стиля:
Начало письма: Dear Mr./Ms. [Surname], Dear Sir/Madam,
Вступление: кратко представьтесь и объясните цель письма.
Основная часть: детально объясните вопрос, просьбу или ситуацию.
Заключение: выразите надежду на ответ или действие, поблагодарите.
Завершение письма: Yours sincerely, Yours faithfully, Best regards,
Язык формальный: избегаем разговорных слов и эмоций, используем стандартные выражения.
Советы для школьников:
Всегда указывайте причину письма в первом абзаце.
Используйте вежливые фразы, например: I would be grateful if…, Could you please…, I am writing to…
Структурируйте письмо по абзацам: вступление → детали → просьба/завершение.
Проверяйте грамматику и орфографию.
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