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The Biblical Book of Genesis (excerpts)

Eridu, Eredu (Sumerian — good city), is a city in Sumer (Ancient Mesopotamia), located on the shore of the lagoon of the Persian Gulf, which later retreated from the city. According to legend, the oldest of the Sumerian cities. It was the center of the cult of the god of world waters and wisdom Enki (Ea). It existed until the middle of the 1st millennium BC, but did not play a political role. The site of Eridu is now occupied by the settlement of Abu-Shahrain (Iraq). Recent excavations by Arab archaeologists have discovered archaeological layers of the 4th millennium BC here. The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, editor-in-chief B. A. Vvedensky, volume 49, second edition, 1957, p. 154.

Wikipedia (selectively): «Eridu is one of the oldest cities of Sumer and the world. According to Sumerian mythology, this is the very first city on Earth. Numerous excavations by archaeologists trace the deep antiquity of the city, in which many cultural layers have been identified, an ancient temple, a ziggurat, and many other temples and structures have been excavated, while the earliest layers are attributed to the VI millennium BC. Eridu is currently an archaeological zone in the south of Iraq, which is called the „Tel Abu Shahrane settlement“… Sumerian legends say that before the Great Flood, „After the kingdom was sent down from heaven, Eridu became (the seat of) the throne.“ The „Nippur Royal List“ begins with Eridu. In antediluvian times, five main cities are indicated, which also included Bad Tibira, Larak, Sippar and Shuruppak. The Nippur royal List records two kings of Eridu who ruled for huge periods of time totaling 18 balls (64,800 years), after which the city was abandoned and its throne was moved to Bad Tibira. Eridu emerged as a center of early agricultural culture in the south of Mesopotamia (the so — called Eredu culture of the end of VI — the first half of the V millennium BC). It was settled in the middle of VI thousand BC; later — an important center of the Ubeid period, and then in the IV millennium BC. one of the main centers of Sumerian culture. By the beginning of the III millennium BC. Eridu played a peripheral role in the political life of the region. In written sources of the middle of the III — middle of the I millennium BC, Eridu is the southernmost of the conglomeration of Sumerian cities that grew up next to temples. Most likely, it was founded right on the coast of the Persian Gulf, near the mouth of the Euphrates, however, due to the accumulation of silty sediments on the coastline for thousands of years, the remains of the city are now at a distance from the coast.»

Modern research confirms the data that the biblical book of Genesis describes in a religious and fairy-tale form the real events associated with the settlement of Ancient Mesopotamia, as well as the flood in the same area. Which also coincides chronologically. «It is estimated that at the peak of the last glaciation, the sea level was 130 meters below the current one. Consequently, a significant part of the continental shelf was land. Then the warming began, and about seven thousand years ago the continents and oceans acquired familiar shapes. Once vast expanses of the earth were flooded.»

Chapter 2.

8 And the LORD God planted a paradise in Eden in the east, and placed there the man whom he had created. (According to the biblical legend, Eden is the place of residence of the first two people — Adam and Eve — before their «fall». This word is Hebrew, meaning: garden, paradise, a beautiful, pleasant place. In the Sumerian language (not similar to any of the known languages), the word «we are going» — «eden» means «valley», according to the rule of homonization, a word that happened to coincide in sound, played a role: it seemed that «We are Going» is a mystical term devoid of a specific geographical meaning, and not the valley of the Two Rivers in present–day Iraq (the «Adam’s tree» is located here), where Lake Tartarus is located, as well as the Tar caves, there is an extremely similar sound to the ancient Greek Tartarus — an abyss in the bowels of the earth, where, according to legend, Zeus overthrew the Titans, the kingdom of the dead (to fall into tartarus). As the population grew in Sumer, located as it were «to the east» of Africa and the Middle East, discontent in Sumerian society also grew, because the number of fruits, plants and animals decreased, in addition, around 2500 BC, the state of Akkad seized Sumer and the Sumerians became a dependent population, only distant memories remained about the «golden age» when the Sumerians lived happily and well «in Eden» — «on the plain». The legends about the Garden of Eden were passed down from generation to generation and reached the ancient Jews, where they were then recorded in the Pentateuch of Moses. According to modern data, ancient people moved from Africa to Arabia and gradually came to the Persian Gulf, at that time a fertile valley teeming with fresh water springs and rich flora and fauna. In ancient times, the Persian Gulf was called the Sea of Sunrise, and the Mediterranean Sea was called the Great Sea of Sunset.)

9 And the LORD God brought forth out of the earth every tree pleasant to the sight and good for food, and the tree of life in the midst of paradise, and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. (Explanation of the appearance of trees whose fruits were used for food. The tree of life is a date palm. which gives edible, delicious and nutritious fruits — dates, necessary for the maintenance of life. The tree has practical significance and in ancient times was called the tree of life. The tree of knowledge of good and evil — fig tree, fig tree, fig tree, wine berry, had many different names, including totemic — «tree of knowledge of good and evil». And date palms and fig trees grow everywhere in southern Iraq. The singular (the tree of life, the tree of knowledge of good and evil) appears here as a collective, as in the children’s worldview (the child sees what or whom and speaks about it): God — gods, priests, that is, people who have some advantage over other people, Adam — men (patriarchy is claimed), Eve — women, Cain — farmers, Abel — shepherds.)

10 A river came out of Eden to irrigate paradise; and then it was divided into four rivers. (A river is needed for irrigation, so there is nothing supernatural in paradise, everything is watered — watered.)

11 The name of one Fison: it flows around the whole land of Havilah, the one where gold is; (Perhaps the Fison was a tributary of the Euphrates, but then dried up, in ancient times there may have been gold deposits.)

12 and the gold of that land is good; there is a bholach and an onyx stone. (According to the «Dictionary to the Books of the Old Testament» by O. Steinberg, bdolach is an aromatic wood resin. Onyx is a mineral, a kind of agate. That is, quite real substances.)

13 The name of the second river Gihon: it flows around the whole land of Kush. (Gihon is probably the Karun River in the southwest of modern Iran, in ancient times the state of Elam was located there.)

14 The name of the third river is Hiddekel: it flows before Assyria. The fourth river is the Euphrates. (These geographical names have long been identified: Hiddekel — the Tigris River, Assyria — the defunct state of Assur (Assur), whose capital was located on the western bank of the Tigris, and therefore flowing «before» it, and the Euphrates River.)

15 And the LORD God took the man, and put him in the garden of Eden, to cultivate it and to keep it. (The ancient Sumerian legend about the origin of the primary culture of the Sumerians was connected with the settlement of Eridu (modern southern Iraq, the settlement of Abu-Shahrein), located on the shore of the «exciting sea» (now separated from the Persian Gulf at a distance of more than 100 km), Eridu was also the oldest political center of the country. This fully corresponds to the latest scientific data that humanity settled in portions from Africa through the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait and passing along the Arabian Peninsula, went out to the Two Rivers: the Tigris and Euphrates.)

Chapter 6

1 When people began to multiply on earth and daughters were born to them, (Humanity is increasing).

2 Then the sons of God saw the daughters of men that they were beautiful, and they took [them] to themselves as wives, whichever one chose. (It is widely known that even very close species of animals do not lend themselves to crossing or form infertile hybrids, it turns out that the «sons of God» are also people, but they have some advantages over the rest — their knowledge, skills, skills).

3 And the LORD said, My Spirit will not be despised by men forever; for they are flesh; let their days be one hundred and twenty years. (People especially did not honor the «higher powers», so they had to be constantly frightened by retribution. The concept of years in the Bible is extremely relative, it could be both a lunar and a solar calendar, and possibly a mixed one. Specific numbers can be so-called «lucky» and «unlucky». All numbers, according to ancient people, have «magical properties». In ancient Babylon, the most remarkable number was «12» — «a dozen», perhaps from the Old Russian word «to squeeze» — that is, «be able», the number 12 is divisible by many numbers, and the next number 13 is not divisible by anything — it turns out «damn dozen». The Babylonians divided the year into 12 months. Their days were divided into 24 hours, or 12 double hours, every hour — 60 minutes, or 5 times 12. In addition, this number was very convenient for counting. After all, it can be divided into 2, 3, 4, and 6 without remainder. Therefore, it was taken as a unit of measurement. Quite unlike the «12» was the «13» that followed it. He could not be divided by any number except himself. Therefore, they began to consider him unlucky, a damn dozen).

4 At that time there were giants on the earth, especially since the sons of God began to come in to the daughters of men, and they began to give birth to them: these are strong, glorious people from ancient times. (Various interpretations are possible here — giants in physical terms, mentally, in their skills, etc., if they produced offspring from «daughters of men», then this means that these giants were also people).

5 And the Lord saw that the corruption of people on earth was great, and that all the thoughts and thoughts of their hearts were evil at all times; (Disobedience to certain nascent orders in the oldest human community led to riots and counteracted the formation of moral and ethical norms, every human individual, like animals, sought to receive primarily benefits for myself, a pyramid of power was being built).

6 And the LORD repented that he had created man on earth, and was grieved in his heart. (Here the Lord is understood as an irresistible element, as well as the dominant one, hence the word «Lord», the moral and ethical environment of ancient human society, in which the dominant position was gradually occupied by the leaders-priests).

7 And the LORD said, I will destroy from the face of the earth the men whom I have created, from man to cattle, and I will destroy the reptiles and the birds of the air, for I have repented that I created them. (Raging nature can destroy all living things, including innocent animals).

8 But Noah found grace in the sight of the LORD. (Most likely, Noah led the «right way of life», that is, he obeyed the prevailing moral and ethical attitudes of that time).

9 This is the life of Noah: Noah was a righteous man and blameless in his generation; Noah walked before God. (The same attitudes that reinforce the righteousness of Noah).

10 Noah begat three sons: Shem, Ham, and Japheth. (The formation of Noah’s family).

11 But the earth was corrupted before God, and the earth was filled with wickedness. (In the most ancient human society, the concepts of good and evil are formed).

12 And God looked upon the earth, and, behold, it is corrupt, for all flesh has perverted its way on earth. (Discontent of the ruling elite — the priests-leaders with the disobedience of the rest of the population).

13 And God said to Noah, The end of all flesh has come before me, for the earth is filled with their wickedness; and behold, I will destroy them from the earth. (Not only man behaved incorrectly, but also other living beings — «flesh». God’s communication with Noah through conversation shows that Noah could receive the necessary information by suggestion from the priest-leaders).

14 You shall make yourself an ark of gopher wood; you shall make compartments in the ark and tar it inside and out. (The Ark can be explained as a kind of chest or box, or a closed boat, unlike a raft. According to the etymological dictionary of O. Steinberg, gopher is a cypress, according to another version — resin, resinous tree).

15 And you shall make it this way: the length of the ark is three hundred cubits; its breadth is fifty cubits, and its height is thirty cubits. (According to A. Asimov’s calculations, the dimensions of the ark resembling a ship will be as follows: 450-75-45 feet = slightly more than 1.5 million cubic feet, about 43 thousand cubic meters).

16 And you shall make an opening in the ark, and you shall bring it up to a cubit, and you shall make a door to the ark on its side; you shall make a lower, second, and third dwelling in it. (It turns out a hermetic multi-deck vessel. Proceeding from the fact that endless floods occur in the Mesopotamia, the priest-leaders learned to create special vessels for rescue on the waters. In addition, the priests-leaders have learned to identify the approaching natural cataclysm, including floods, by various signs).

17 And behold, I will bring a flood of water upon the earth, to destroy all flesh in which there is the spirit of life, under heaven; everything that is on earth will lose its life. (Prediction of the future of the largest flood in Mesopotamia. The priests could make predictions by sending this information to Noah using morphogenetic fields, he could read information from them. It is quite possible that in such cases, animals, plants, and hypersensitive people also read information from the formative fields. It is not uncommon for our smaller brothers to «study» global morphogenic fields. The ability of animals to anticipate disasters is well known. Eyewitnesses recall that in 1960, on the eve of the earthquake in Agadir (Morocco), all stray dogs escaped from the city (not only rats run from danger!). Three years later, the same thing happened in the city of Skopje (Yugoslavia): dogs running out and tremors of destructive force. History knows many other similar examples (in ancient China, dogs were specially kept predictors of natural disasters. The morphogenetic field is constantly changing, reflecting the dynamics of the development of the organism. Thus, the concept of morphogenetic fields is based on the thesis of extracellular information, and the «volumetric» nature of this field is assumed, since it should cover all cells of the body. From this point of view, morphogenetic fields meet the requirements for an unknown programming mechanism that controls the whole organism as a whole. The world-renowned British biologist Rupert Sheldrake for the first time proposed to consider not only the human body or the atom as a single whole, but everything that can be combined on any basis. For example, pets and their owners, according to Sheldrake, are a whole, therefore, it is not surprising that when this whole disintegrates, its parts continue to read information from each other’s morphogenic fields).

18 But I will make my covenant with you, and you and your sons and your wife and your sons’ wives will enter the ark with you. (A covenant is a solemnly concluded contract between the righteous and the priests).

19 You shall also bring into the ark two of every animal and of every flesh, that they may live with you; male and female they shall be. (The ancient idea that all animals can be placed on a ship so that they are paired, that is, they can reproduce).

20 Of the birds according to their kind, and of the cattle according to their kind, and of all the creeping things on the earth according to their kind, of all two will come to you, so that they may live. (That is, land animals).

21 But you take for yourself all the food that they eat, and gather it to yourself; and it will be food for you and for them. (The oldest idea that animals can eat plant food, although plants are also living beings, does not take into account the fact that animals on the ship can devour other animals).

22 And Noah did everything: as God commanded him, so he did. (The covenant of Noah is fulfilled).

Chapter 7

1 And the LORD said to Noah, Enter thou and all thy family into the ark, for I have seen thee righteous before me in this generation; (The priests permit Noah and his family to enter the ship).

2 and you shall take seven of every clean animal, male and female, and two of unclean cattle, male and female; (The division of livestock into clean and unclean is related to which of them can be sacrificed, clean is cattle, sheep, goats. The use of «sacred» numbers — 7 and 2, «male and female» — the establishment of patriarchy).

3 also of the birds of heaven, seven by seven, male and female, in order to preserve the tribe for the whole earth, (Using the concept of pure cattle and unclean, as well as «sacred numbers»).

4 For in seven days I will pour rain on the earth for forty days and forty nights; and I will destroy everything that exists that I have created from the face of the earth. (Again the use of «sacred numbers»).

5 Noah did all that the LORD commanded him. (The main thing is obedience).

6 And Noah was six hundred years old when the flood of water came to the earth. (Here, most likely, the lunar calendar is used, that is, the year — month. In 1929, the English archaeologist Sir Charles Woolley reported that during excavations in the Euphrates Valley, he found sedimentary rocks at a depth of almost 3 meters. Sumerian chronicles divide all historical events into «antediluvian» and those that occurred after the flood. In the lists of Sumerian kings who ruled before the flood, there are often periods of several tens of thousands of years, the explanation for this is that the lunar calendar was used and each king was attributed thousands of years of rule by court flatterers (sages) to get certain privileges and opportunities, they proclaimed millennial reigns. The epic of Gilgamesh was widely spread in ancient Sumer. In particular, it tells how the search for immortality led Gilgamesh to a hero named Ut-Napishtim, who survived the flood and was «immortal»! The story of Ut-Napishtim is very much like the biblical one. According to modern data, this gigantic flood occurred around 2800 BC, in addition, countless floods have occurred on the territory of Mesopotamia for many millennia).

7 And Noah, and his sons, and his wife, and his sons’ wives with him, entered into the ark from the waters of the flood. (Entering the ship).

8 And of the clean cattle, and of the unclean cattle, and of all the creeping things on the earth (Loading the ship).

9 Two by two, male and female, entered Noah into the ark, as God had commanded Noah. (Loading the ship).

10 After seven days, the waters of the flood came to the earth. (Waters gushed into the Mesopotamia).

11 In the six hundredth year of Noah’s life, in the second month, on the seventeenth day of the month, on this day all the springs of the great abyss opened, and the windows of heaven were opened; (The strongest flood, accompanied by showers and hurricanes).

12 And it rained on the earth forty days and forty nights. (Using «sacred» numbers).

13 On that very day Noah entered the ark, and Shem, Ham, and Japheth, the sons of Noah, and Noah’s wife, and his three sons’ wives with them. (Description of the people on the ship).

14 They, and all the beasts after their kind, and all the cattle after their kind, and all the creeping things that creep on the earth after their kind, and all the flying things after their kind, all the birds, all the winged ones (for all who must be saved).

15 And they entered into the ark to Noah, two by two, of all flesh in which there is the spirit of life; (Description of all living passengers).

16 And those who entered, male and female of all flesh, entered, as God commanded him. And the Lord closed behind him. (Closing of the hermetic ship by the priest-master).

17 And the flood continued on the earth forty days, and the waters multiplied, and lifted up the ark, and it was lifted up above the earth.; (The use of «sacred» numbers during flooding).

18 But the waters increased and multiplied greatly on the earth, and the ark floated on the surface of the waters. (Sailing of the ark ship).

19 And the waters of the earth increased exceedingly, so that all the high mountains that are under the whole heaven were covered.; (The valley of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers is flat as a pancake, so even a small flood, a heavy downpour leads to the fact that the entire valley is flooded).

20 The water rose fifteen cubits above them, and the mountains were covered. (15 cubits is approximately 7 feet or about 7 meters, that is, «high mountains» are small hills in the Interfluve, which were flooded).

21 And all flesh that moved on the earth, and birds, and cattle, and beasts, and all the creeping things that crawled on the earth, and all people, lost their lives; (Because of the great flood, many animals and people died).

22 Everything that had the breath of the spirit of life in its nostrils on dry land died. (Everything breathing air has perished).

23 Every creature that was on the surface of the earth was destroyed, from man to cattle, and reptiles, and birds of the air, everything was destroyed from the earth, only Noah remained and what was with him in the ark. (In Mesopotamia, everyone on the earth’s surface perished, except Noah and the ark passengers).

24 And the waters increased on the earth one hundred and fifty days. (The water was still arriving in the Mesopotamia for a long time).

Modern research

Treasures swallowed up by the sea. Sensational discoveries of underwater archaeologists

MOSCOW, RIA Novosti, Tatiana Pichugina. During the last ice age, due to the fall in sea level, the area of Australia increased by a third. Our ancestors followed the retreating coastline, making drawings in caves and leaving a lot of tools. As the glaciers melted, all this was flooded with water. Only last year, traces of ancient people were discovered for the first time at the bottom. About the most amazing discoveries of underwater archaeology — in the collection of RIA Novosti.

Flooded antiquities of the Stone Age

«Very little is known about the now sunken landscapes, their population, their role in the development of mankind,» scientists from Australia write in an article with the results of an underwater archaeological expedition off the northwest coast of the continent. It is estimated that at the peak of the last glaciation, the sea level was 130 meters below the modern one. Consequently, a significant part of the continental shelf was land. Then the warming began, and about seven thousand years ago the continents and oceans acquired familiar shapes. Once vast expanses of the earth flooded. The depth is very large, and it was not possible to thoroughly explore it before. The Australians were the first to make efforts to study the sites of ancient people under water. They chose the Dampir Archipelago — there is a national park there, where, among other things, artifacts of prehistoric culture and rock carvings are protected. From 2017 to 2019, six expeditions were sent there. First, the water area was surveyed by lidars and drones from the air, bathymetry was carried out from the ship, topographic maps of the bottom were made and two promising sites were selected — at Cape Brugier and in the Flying Foam Strait. At the first site at a depth of 2.4 meters, divers found 269 stone artifacts, at the second — only one. Among them are nuclei — blanks, flakes, including sharpened ones, two stones similar to grinding ones. For comparison, 455 items were collected on the nearest shores. All of them, underwater and land, are made of local volcanic rock, they have many common features. Scientists cannot date the finds directly, but by indirect signs they are at least seven thousand years old. This is the first discovery of traces of Stone Age people on the sea shelf.

At the crossroads of sea routes