Бесплатный фрагмент - Самоучитель английского для начинающих

Предисловие

Дорогие читатели,

Я рада приветствовать вас на страницах этой книги — самоучителя английского языка для начинающих.

Каждая глава этой книги построена как самостоятельный урок. Она включает грамматический блок с понятными объяснениями на русском языке, подборку ключевой лексики и выражений, короткую историю на английском, упражнения на закрепление материала и практические задания для говорения и письма. Вы можете проходить книгу от начала до конца или использовать любую главу отдельно — каждая из них позволит вам усвоить новую тему, попрактиковаться и почувствовать уверенность в своих силах.

Вы будете постепенно знакомиться с основными временами, модальными глаголами, артиклями, местоимениями, сравнениями, а также с повседневной лексикой, коллокациями и выражениями, которые пригодятся в жизни.

Я надеюсь, что эта книга станет вашим надежным помощником и источником мотивации. Она создана для того, чтобы вы могли учить английский шаг за шагом, практиковать язык ежедневно и видеть реальные результаты уже на первых страницах. Помните: даже маленький шаг каждый день — это движение к уверенности и свободному владению английским языком.

Желаю успехов!

Greetings and Introductions

Grammar Focus: Present Simple — To be (affirmative, negative, questions)

Объяснение:

Глагол to be используется для описания человека, его состояния или принадлежности. В настоящем времени формы:

I am (I’m) — я есть

You are (You’re) — ты/вы есть

He/She/It is (He’s/She’s/It’s) — он/она/оно есть

We/They are (We’re/They’re) — мы/они есть

Примеры:

I am Anna. — Я Анна.

He is my friend. — Он мой друг.

We are students. — Мы студенты.

She is not at home. — Она не дома.

Вопросы:

Are you a teacher? — Ты учитель?

Is he your brother? — Он твой брат?

Советы:

В отрицаниях добавляем not: I am not, He is not (He isn’t).

В вопросах форма меняется местами: Am I…? Are you…? Is she…?

Частая ошибка: забывать “is” или “are” в предложениях.

Story: First Day at School

My name is Anna. I am a student. Today is my first day at school. I am a little nervous, but I am also excited. I meet my new friends in the classroom.

Hello! My name is John. He is very friendly. We are in the same class. My teacher is Mrs. Smith. She is kind and helpful.

We talk about our hobbies. I like reading books. John likes playing football. We are happy to meet each other. After the first lesson, we are ready to learn new things.

At lunchtime, we eat sandwiches and drink juice. The school is big and clean. Everyone is polite. I am glad to start school. Today is a good day.

Useful Words and Expressions

Hello — Привет

Hi — Привет

Good morning — Доброе утро

Good afternoon — Добрый день

Good evening — Добрый вечер

Goodbye — До свидания

My name is… — Меня зовут…

I am — Я есть

You are — Ты есть / Вы есть

He is — Он есть

She is — Она есть

We are — Мы есть

They are — Они есть

Friend — Друг

Class — Класс

Teacher — Учитель

Student — Ученик

Hobby — Хобби

To meet — Встречать

Excited — Взволнованный

Exercises

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks

I ______ Anna.

He ______ my friend.

We ______ students.

She ______ not at home.

Exercise 2: Multiple choice

“Hello! ______ your name?”

a) Am

b) Are

c) Is

“He ______ a teacher.”

a) is

b) are

c) am

Exercise 3: Questions about the story

What is Anna’s name?

Who is her teacher?

Who is Anna’s new friend?

What hobbies do Anna and John have?

How does Anna feel on her first day at school?

Answer Key

Exercise 1:

am

is

are

is

Exercise 2:

b) Are

a) is

Exercise 3:

Her name is Anna. She is a student.

Her teacher is Mrs. Smith. She is kind and helpful.

Anna’s new friend is John. He is friendly.

Anna likes reading books. John likes playing football.

Anna feels nervous but excited. She is glad to start school.

Mini Tips

Используйте Present Simple с to be, чтобы представляться.

Практикуйтесь говорить: “Hello, my name is…”, “I am…”, “He/She is…”.

Попробуйте использовать новые слова из списка каждый день.

Numbers and Colors

Grammar Focus: There is / There are, Numbers

Объяснение:

Мы используем there is и there are, чтобы говорить о наличии чего-либо:

There is + существительное в ед. числе — есть что-то одно

There is a red apple. — Есть красное яблоко.

There are + существительное во мн. числе — есть несколько предметов

There are three blue pencils. — Есть три синих карандаша.

Правила:

В отрицаниях добавляем not:

There is not a book.

There are not many chairs.

В вопросах меняем порядок слов:

Is there a pen on the table?

Are there two apples in the basket?

Совет:

Используйте числа 1–20 для повседневных ситуаций.

Запоминайте цвета вместе с существительными: red apple, green pen.

Частая ошибка: забывать are для множественного числа.

Story: In the Classroom

There is a big classroom. There are many students. There is a teacher at the front of the room. She is kind and friendly.

I see a red book on the table. There are two blue pencils and three green pens. There is one yellow notebook. The students are happy. They like learning English.

There is a map on the wall. It is colorful. There are some chairs and desks. Everyone has a pencil and a notebook. I count the students: there are twenty.

After the lesson, we go outside. There is a playground. There are swings, a slide, and a small bench. The sun is bright, and the sky is blue. Today is a nice day.

Useful Words and Expressions

One — один

Two — два

Three — три

Four — четыре

Five — пять

Six — шесть

Seven — семь

Eight — восемь

Nine — девять

Ten — десять

Red — красный

Blue — синий

Green — зеленый

Yellow — желтый

Black — черный

White — белый

Classroom — класс

Book — книга

Pencil — карандаш

Desk — партa

Exercises

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks

There ______ a red book on the table.

There ______ two blue pencils.

There ______ a yellow notebook.

There ______ twenty students in the classroom.

Exercise 2: Multiple choice

“______ there a map on the wall?”

a) Are

b) Is

c) Am

“There ______ three green pens.”

a) is

b) are

c) be

Exercise 3: Questions about the story

How many students are in the classroom?

What colors are the pencils?

What is on the wall?

What do the students have?

What is outside after the lesson?

Answer Key

Exercise 1:

is

are

is

are

Exercise 2:

b) Is

b) are

Exercise 3:

There are twenty students in the classroom.

The pencils are blue and green.

There is a map on the wall. It is colorful.

The students have pencils and notebooks.

Outside there is a playground with swings, a slide, and a small bench.

Mini Tips

Считайте предметы вокруг себя: pencils, books, chairs.

Используйте цвета вместе с существительными: red book, blue pen.

Практикуйтесь с «there is / there are», чтобы описывать предметы в комнате.

Family

Grammar Focus: Possessive ’s, To be

Объяснение:

Чтобы показать принадлежность, мы используем ’s:

[Person] + ’s + [object] — чей-то предмет или родственник

This is my mother’s bag. — Это сумка моей мамы.

Peter’s father is a teacher. — Отец Питера — учитель.

Глагол to be помогает описывать семью:

I am a son. — Я сын.

She is my sister. — Она моя сестра.

They are my grandparents. — Они мои бабушка и дедушка.

Вопросы и отрицания:

Is this your brother? — Это твой брат?

No, he is not my brother. — Нет, он не мой брат.

Советы:

Запоминайте слова о семье: mother, father, sister, brother, grandparents.

Частая ошибка: забывать ’s при указании принадлежности.

Вопросы о семье формулируются через to be: Who is…? Is he/she…?

Story: My Family

I have a small family. My father’s name is John. He is a doctor. My mother’s name is Anna. She is a teacher. I have one sister. Her name is Lisa. She is ten years old.

My grandparents live near us. My grandmother’s house is big and beautiful. My grandfather is kind. He likes gardening.

I love my family. We often eat breakfast together. On weekends, we go to the park. My sister and I play games. My parents read books or watch TV.

Sometimes we have guests. We talk, eat food, and laugh. Everyone in my family is polite and friendly. I am happy with my family. Family is very important.

Useful Words and Expressions

Family — семья

Father — отец

Mother — мать

Parents — родители

Sister — сестра

Brother — брат

Grandparents — бабушка и дедушка

Grandmother — бабушка

Grandfather — дедушка

Son — сын

Daughter — дочь

Uncle — дядя

Aunt — тетя

Cousin — кузен / кузина

House — дом

Breakfast — завтрак

Weekend — выходные

Park — парк

Play — играть

Guest — гость

Exercises

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks

My father’s name ______ John.

She ______ my sister.

They ______ my grandparents.

My grandmother’s house ______ big and beautiful.

Exercise 2: Multiple choice

“Who is this?” — “This is my ______.”

a) mother

b) friends

c) school

“He is not my brother. He is my ______.”

a) cousin

b) father

c) uncle

Exercise 3: Questions about the story

Who is Anna?

How many siblings does the narrator have?

Where do the grandparents live?

What do the narrator and sister do on weekends?

How is the narrator’s family described?

Answer Key

Exercise 1:

is

is

are

is

Exercise 2:

a) mother

a) cousin

Exercise 3:

Anna is the narrator’s mother. She is a teacher.

The narrator has one sister.

The grandparents live near the narrator.

On weekends, the narrator and sister play games in the park.

The narrator’s family is polite, friendly, and important.

Mini Tips

Используйте ’s, чтобы говорить о принадлежности: father’s, mother’s.

Повторяйте слова о семье вслух, чтобы запомнить.

Составляйте простые предложения: «My brother is ten years old.»

My Home

Grammar Focus: There is / There are + Prepositions of Place

Объяснение:

Мы используем there is и there are, чтобы говорить о том, что находится в доме или комнате.

Также используются предлоги места, чтобы показать расположение предметов.

Основные предлоги места:

in — в

on — на

under — под

next to — рядом

near — возле

behind — за

Примеры:

There is a table in the kitchen. — В кухне есть стол.

There are two chairs next to the table. — Рядом со столом есть два стула.

The book is on the desk. — Книга на столе.

Правила и советы:

Используйте there is с единственным числом и there are с множественным.

Предлог всегда стоит перед существительным.

Типичная ошибка: использовать there is с множественным числом.

Story: My Home

My home is small but comfortable. There is a living room, a kitchen, a bedroom, and a bathroom. The living room is bright. There is a sofa near the window and a table in the center of the room. There are two chairs next to the table.

The kitchen is clean and simple. There is a fridge near the door. There are cups and plates on the shelf. I usually have breakfast in the kitchen.

My bedroom is quiet. There is a bed next to the wall. A small lamp is on the desk. There are books on the shelf and a bag under the desk.

I like my home. It is a good place to relax. Everything is in the right place, and I feel comfortable here every day.

Useful Words and Expressions

Home — дом

Room — комната

Living room — гостиная

Kitchen — кухня

Bedroom — спальня

Bathroom — ванная

Table — стол

Chair — стул

Sofa — диван

Bed — кровать

Shelf — полка

Window — окно

Door — дверь

Lamp — лампа

Desk — письменный стол

Fridge — холодильник

Near — рядом

On — на

Under — под

Next to — рядом с

Exercises

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks

There ______ a sofa in the living room.

There ______ two chairs next to the table.

The lamp is ______ the desk.

The bag is ______ the desk.

Exercise 2: Multiple choice

“There ______ books on the shelf.”

a) is

b) are

c) am

“The fridge is ______ the door.”

a) under

b) near

c) on

Exercise 3: Questions about the story

What rooms are in the home?

Where is the table in the living room?

What is in the kitchen?

Where is the bed in the bedroom?

How does the narrator feel at home?

Answer Key

Exercise 1:

is

are

on

under

Exercise 2:

b) are

b) near

Exercise 3:

The home has a living room, a kitchen, a bedroom, and a bathroom.

The table is in the center of the living room.

There is a fridge, cups, and plates in the kitchen.

The bed is next to the wall.

The narrator feels comfortable and relaxed at home.

Mini Tips

Описывайте комнаты, используя there is / there are.

Запоминайте предлоги вместе с примерами: on the table, under the desk.

Практикуйтесь, описывая свою комнату простыми предложениями.

Daily Routine

Grammar Focus: Present Simple (affirmative, negative, adverbs of frequency)

Объяснение:

Present Simple используется, чтобы говорить о регулярных действиях, привычках и распорядке дня.

Форма:

I / You / We / They + verb

He / She / It + verb + s/es

Примеры:

I wake up at 7 a.m. — Я просыпаюсь в 7 утра.

She works during the day. — Она работает днём.

They eat dinner at home. — Они ужинают дома.

Отрицания:

I do not (don’t) work on Sunday.

He does not (doesn’t) wake up early.

Наречия частоты:

always — всегда

usually — обычно

often — часто

sometimes — иногда

never — никогда

Они обычно стоят перед основным глаголом, но после глагола to be.

Типичные ошибки и советы:

Не забывайте -s в he/she/it.

После does not глагол используется без -s.

Используйте Present Simple для ежедневных действий, а не для того, что происходит сейчас.

Story: A Typical Day

I usually wake up at seven o’clock. I get up and wash my face. After that, I have breakfast. I often eat bread and fruit, and I drink tea or water.

In the morning, I go to school or work. I usually start at nine o’clock. I work during the day and take short breaks. At lunchtime, I eat with other people or have a simple meal.

In the afternoon, I finish my work and go home. I sometimes walk and sometimes use public transport. In the evening, I relax. I read books, watch TV, or listen to music.

I always have dinner at home. Before bed, I prepare things for the next day. I usually go to sleep at ten or eleven o’clock. This routine helps me feel calm and organized.

Useful Words and Expressions

Wake up — просыпаться

Get up — вставать

Wash — умываться

Breakfast — завтрак

Morning — утро

Work — работать

Start — начинать

Lunchtime — время обеда

Finish — заканчивать

Go home — идти домой

Evening — вечер

Relax — отдыхать

Read — читать

Watch TV — смотреть телевизор

Listen to music — слушать музыку

Dinner — ужин

Before bed — перед сном

Always — всегда

Usually — обычно

Sometimes — иногда

Exercises

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks

I usually ______ up at seven o’clock.

She ______ breakfast in the morning.

They ______ work at nine o’clock.

He does not ______ TV in the morning.

Exercise 2: Multiple choice

“He ______ to work every day.”

a) go

b) goes

c) going

“I ______ have dinner at home.”

a) always

b) always am

c) am always

Exercise 3: Questions about the story

What time does the person usually wake up?

What does the person do in the morning?

What happens at lunchtime?

What does the person do in the evening?

Why is the daily routine important for the person?

Answer Key

Exercise 1:

wake

has

start

watch

Exercise 2:

b) goes

a) always

Exercise 3:

The person usually wakes up at seven o’clock.

In the morning, the person washes, has breakfast, and goes to school or work.

At lunchtime, the person eats a simple meal with other people or alone.

In the evening, the person relaxes, reads, watches TV, or listens to music.

The routine is important because it helps the person feel calm and organized.

Mini Tips

Описывайте свой день, используя Present Simple.

Добавляйте наречия частоты, чтобы речь была точнее.

Повторяйте глаголы действия каждый день вслух.

Time and Days

Grammar Focus: Telling the Time, Days of the Week, Prepositions of Time (at, on, in)

Объяснение:

Чтобы говорить о времени и днях, в английском языке используются специальные конструкции и предлоги.

Время:

What time is it? — Который час?

It is seven o’clock. — Семь часов.

It is half past eight. — Полдевятого.

It is a quarter to nine. — Без четверти девять.

Дни недели:

Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday

Предлоги времени:

at — с точным временем

at 7 o’clock

on — с днями и датами

on Monday

in — с частями дня, месяцами, годами

in the morning, in June

Типичные ошибки и советы:

Не используйте on с часами: правильно at 6 o’clock.

После in the morning / evening не ставится артикль a.

Дни недели всегда пишутся с заглавной буквы.

Story: A Weekly Schedule

My week is usually well planned. On Monday, I start work early. I wake up at six o’clock and leave home at seven. In the morning, I focus on important tasks.

On Tuesday and Wednesday, my schedule is similar. I work during the day and finish at five o’clock. In the evening, I have free time. I read books or spend time at home.

On Thursday, I sometimes meet friends after work. We usually meet at six o’clock. On Friday, I feel relaxed because the weekend is near.

On Saturday, I wake up later. In the morning, I clean the house. In the afternoon, I go for a walk. On Sunday, I rest. I stay at home and prepare for the new week.

Useful Words and Expressions

Time — время

Day — день

Week — неделя

Morning — утро

Afternoon — день

Evening — вечер

Night — ночь

Monday — понедельник

Tuesday — вторник

Wednesday — среда

Thursday — четверг

Friday — пятница

Saturday — суббота

Sunday — воскресенье

O’clock — ровно (о времени)

Half past — половина (после)

Quarter to — без четверти

At — в (о времени)

On — в (о дне)

In — в (о части дня)

Exercises

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks

I wake up ______ six o’clock.

We work ______ Monday.

I read books ______ the evening.

They meet ______ five o’clock.

Exercise 2: Multiple choice

“We rest ______ Sunday.”

a) at

b) in

c) on

“I work ______ the morning.”

a) at

b) on

c) in

Exercise 3: Questions about the story

What time does the person wake up on workdays?

What does the person do in the evening?

When does the person meet friends?

What does the person do on Saturday morning?

How does the person spend Sunday?

Answer Key

Exercise 1:

at

on

in

at

Exercise 2:

c) on

c) in

Exercise 3:

The person wakes up at six o’clock on workdays.

In the evening, the person reads books or stays at home.

The person meets friends on Thursday at six o’clock.

On Saturday morning, the person cleans the house.

On Sunday, the person rests, stays at home, and prepares for the new week.

Mini Tips

Учите предлоги времени вместе с примерами: at 7, on Monday, in the evening.

Повторяйте дни недели по порядку каждый день.

Практикуйтесь говорить время вслух, глядя на часы.

Food and Drinks

Grammar Focus: Countable and Uncountable Nouns, Some / Any

Объяснение:

В английском языке существительные делятся на исчисляемые и неисчисляемые.

Исчисляемые существительные — можно посчитать:

an apple — одно яблоко

two sandwiches — два бутерброда

Неисчисляемые существительные — нельзя посчитать напрямую:

water — вода

bread — хлеб

milk — молоко

Some / Any:

some используется в утверждениях и вежливых вопросах

I have some bread. — У меня есть немного хлеба.

any используется в отрицаниях и вопросах

Do you have any juice? — У тебя есть сок?

I do not have any milk. — У меня нет молока.

Советы и типичные ошибки:

Не используйте a/an с неисчисляемыми существительными.

Для количества используйте: some water, a glass of milk.

Частая ошибка: two breads → правильно two pieces of bread.

Story: Meals During the Day

Food and drinks are an important part of daily life. In the morning, I usually have breakfast at home. I drink tea or coffee and eat some bread with butter. Sometimes I eat fruit.

At lunchtime, I have a simple meal. I often eat soup or rice with vegetables. I drink water or juice. I do not eat sweets every day.

In the evening, I have dinner with other people or alone. There is usually some meat or fish on the plate. I also eat salad. After dinner, I sometimes drink tea.

I like healthy food, but I also enjoy simple meals. I try to eat at the same time every day. Good food helps me feel active and comfortable.

Useful Words and Expressions

Food — еда

Drink — напиток

Breakfast — завтрак

Lunch — обед

Dinner — ужин

Bread — хлеб

Butter — масло

Fruit — фрукты

Soup — суп

Rice — рис

Vegetables — овощи

Meat — мясо

Fish — рыба

Salad — салат

Water — вода

Tea — чай

Coffee — кофе

Juice — сок

Some — немного

Any — какой-нибудь / никакой

Exercises

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks

I drink ______ water every day.

There is ______ bread on the table.

I do not have ______ milk.

We eat ______ vegetables for dinner.

Exercise 2: Multiple choice

“Milk is ______.”

a) countable

b) uncountable

c) plural

“Do you have ______ juice?”

a) some

b) many

c) any

Exercise 3: Questions about the story

What does the person eat for breakfast?

What does the person usually eat at lunchtime?

What drinks does the person have during the day?

What food is eaten for dinner?

Why is food important for the person?

Answer Key

Exercise 1:

some

some

any

some

Exercise 2:

b) uncountable

c) any

Exercise 3:

The person eats bread with butter and sometimes fruit for breakfast.

At lunchtime, the person usually eats soup or rice with vegetables.

The person drinks tea, coffee, water, or juice during the day.

For dinner, the person eats meat or fish with salad.

Food is important because it helps the person feel active and comfortable.

Mini Tips

Учите существительные сразу с пометкой: countable или uncountable.

Используйте some и any в простых предложениях каждый день.

Повторяйте фразы: some water, any juice, a piece of bread.

School / Work

Grammar Focus: Present Simple (affirmative and negative), Subject Pronouns

Объяснение:

Present Simple используется, чтобы говорить о регулярных действиях в школе или на работе.

Также важно правильно использовать подлежащие (subject pronouns):

I — я

You — ты / вы

He — он

She — она

It — оно

We — мы

They — они

Утверждения:

I study English. — Я изучаю английский.

She works in an office. — Она работает в офисе.

Отрицания:

I do not (don’t) study on Sunday.

He does not (doesn’t) work at home.

Советы и типичные ошибки:

После does not используйте глагол без -s.

Не используйте he work → правильно he works.

Используйте Present Simple для расписаний и обязанностей.

Story: A Typical School or Work Day

Many people spend a large part of the day at school or at work. In the morning, I go to school or to my workplace. I usually arrive on time and start my tasks.

At school, I study different subjects. I listen to the teacher, read texts, and write notes. At work, I complete tasks, read emails, and talk to other people.

During the day, I take short breaks. I do not work all the time. At lunchtime, I eat a simple meal and rest.

In the afternoon, I finish my lessons or work. I feel tired but satisfied. School and work help people learn new skills and stay active.

Useful Words and Expressions

School — школа

Work — работа

Study — учиться

Workplace — рабочее место

Office — офис

Lesson — урок

Subject — предмет

Teacher — учитель

Task — задание

Break — перерыв

Lunchtime — время обеда

Finish — заканчивать

Learn — учиться, узнавать

Skill — навык

Read — читать

Write — писать

Listen — слушать

Email — электронное письмо

Time — время

Satisfied — довольный

Exercises

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks

I ______ English at school.

She ______ in an office.

We do not ______ on Sunday.

He ______ his work in the afternoon.

Exercise 2: Multiple choice

“She ______ emails every day.”

a) read

b) reads

c) reading

“They do not ______ at home.”

a) works

b) working

c) work

Exercise 3: Questions about the story

Where does the person go in the morning?

What activities are done at school?

What activities are done at work?

Why are breaks important during the day?

How does the person feel at the end of the day?

Answer Key

Exercise 1:

study

works

work

finishes

Exercise 2:

b) reads

c) work

Exercise 3:

The person goes to school or to the workplace in the morning.

At school, the person studies subjects, listens to the teacher, reads, and writes notes.

At work, the person completes tasks, reads emails, and talks to other people.

Breaks are important because they help the person rest during the day.

At the end of the day, the person feels tired but satisfied.

Mini Tips

Используйте Present Simple, чтобы говорить о занятиях каждый день.

Повторяйте глаголы действий: study, work, read, write.

Составляйте простые предложения о своём дне в школе или на работе.

Hobbies

Grammar Focus: Like / Love / Enjoy + Verb-ing

Объяснение:

Чтобы говорить о хобби и интересах, в английском языке часто используются глаголы

like, love, enjoy. После них глагол ставится в форме -ing.

Форма:

like + verb-ing

love + verb-ing

enjoy + verb-ing

Примеры:

I like reading books. — Я люблю читать книги.

She enjoys listening to music. — Ей нравится слушать музыку.

They love playing games. — Они любят играть в игры.

Отрицания:

I do not like watching TV every day.

He does not enjoy running.

Типичные ошибки и советы:

Не используйте инфинитив после like: like read → like reading.

После does not глагол остаётся в базовой форме.

Используйте эти конструкции для описания регулярных интересов.

Story: Free Time Activities

People have different hobbies. In their free time, they like doing activities that help them relax and learn new things. I like reading books and listening to music. These activities help me rest after a long day.

Some people enjoy playing sports. They go outside and stay active. Others like drawing or taking photos. Creative hobbies are popular because they allow people to express ideas.

In the evening, I often spend time at home. I enjoy watching simple programs or reading short articles. On weekends, I sometimes meet friends. We enjoy talking and walking together.

Hobbies are important for people of all ages. They help improve skills and bring positive emotions. Everyone can find a hobby that fits their interests and daily routine.

Useful Words and Expressions

Hobby — хобби

Free time — свободное время

Like — нравиться

Love — любить

Enjoy — получать удовольствие

Reading — чтение

Music — музыка

Sport — спорт

Drawing — рисование

Photography — фотография

Activity — занятие

Relax — отдыхать

Learn — учиться

Evening — вечер

Weekend — выходные

Meet friends — встречаться с друзьями

Talk — разговаривать

Walk — гулять

Skill — навык

Interest — интерес

Exercises

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks

I like ______ books.

She enjoys ______ to music.

They love ______ sports.

He does not like ______ TV every day.

Exercise 2: Multiple choice

“I enjoy ______ photos.”

a) take

b) taking

c) to take

“She ______ reading in the evening.”

a) like

b) likes

c) liking

Exercise 3: Questions about the story

What hobbies does the narrator have?

What hobbies do some people enjoy outdoors?

What creative hobbies are mentioned?

What does the narrator do on weekends?

Why are hobbies important?

Answer Key

Exercise 1:

reading

listening

playing

watching

Exercise 2:

b) taking

b) likes

Exercise 3:

The narrator likes reading books and listening to music.

Some people enjoy playing sports outdoors.

Drawing and photography are mentioned as creative hobbies.

On weekends, the narrator sometimes meets friends and enjoys walking and talking.

Hobbies are important because they help people relax, improve skills, and feel positive emotions.

Mini Tips

Запоминайте конструкцию like + verb-ing как одно целое.

Говорите о своих интересах простыми предложениями.

Используйте новые слова в коротких описаниях своего свободного времени.

Places in Town

Grammar Focus: Prepositions of Place and Movement (in, near, next to, on, to)

Объяснение:

Чтобы говорить о местах в городе и передвижении между ними, используются предлоги места и направления.

Предлоги места:

in — в

in the park — в парке

near — рядом

near the school — рядом со школой

next to — рядом с

next to the bank — рядом с банком

on — на

on the street — на улице

Предлог направления:

to — к, в (направление движения)

go to the shop — идти в магазин

Примеры:

There is a café near the park. — Рядом с парком есть кафе.

I go to the library after work. — Я иду в библиотеку после работы.

Советы и типичные ошибки:

Не используйте to с here и there: go to there → go there.

После go всегда проверяйте, нужен ли предлог направления.

Предлоги места часто используются с there is / there are.

Story: Around the Town

My town is not very big, but it has many useful places. There is a park in the center of the town. People like to walk there and relax. Near the park, there is a café and a small shop.

There is a library next to the school. I often go to the library to read or study. On the main street, there is a bank, a post office, and a supermarket. These places are important for daily life.

In the afternoon, I sometimes go to the gym or to the market. The market is near my home. I buy food and talk to people.

I like my town because everything is easy to find. The streets are clean, and the places are close to each other. Living in this town is comfortable and simple.

Useful Words and Expressions

Town — город

Street — улица

Park — парк

Shop — магазин

Café — кафе

Library — библиотека

School — школа

Bank — банк

Post office — почта

Supermarket — супермаркет

Market — рынок

Gym — спортивный зал

Center — центр

Near — рядом

Next to — рядом с

In — в

On — на

Go to — идти в

Useful — полезный

Easy to find — легко найти

Exercises

Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks

There is a park ______ the center of the town.

The café is ______ the park.

I go ______ the library after school.

The bank is ______ the main street.

Exercise 2: Multiple choice

“The library is ______ the school.”

a) to

b) next to

c) go

“I ______ the market in the afternoon.”

a) go

b) go to

c) goes

Exercise 3: Questions about the story

Where is the park in the town?

What places are near the park?

Where is the library?

What places are on the main street?

Why does the narrator like the town?

Answer Key

Exercise 1:

in

near

to

on

Exercise 2:

b) next to

b) go to

Exercise 3:

The park is in the center of the town.

A café and a small shop are near the park.

The library is next to the school.

There is a bank, a post office, and a supermarket on the main street.

The narrator likes the town because it is comfortable and easy to live in.

Mini Tips

Описывайте город, используя there is / there are.

Учите предлоги места с примерами, а не по отдельности.

Попробуйте мысленно описать свой город простыми предложениями.

Shopping