Бесплатный фрагмент - Лексика английского языка для старших классов

Предисловие

Дорогие читатели,

Представленная книга является результатом многолетнего опыта работы с учениками старших классов, стремящимися расширить свой лексический запас и подготовиться к важным экзаменам — ОГЭ и ЕГЭ. Как преподаватель английского языка, я всегда уделяла особое внимание не только грамматике и структуре языка, но и важности активного словарного запаса для успешного общения и выполнения экзаменационных заданий. Ведь знание слов — это не только ключ к грамотному письму и устной речи, но и к уверенности в любой языковой ситуации.

В данной книге я постаралась соединить два важных аспекта учебного процесса: развитие лексики и практическую подготовку к экзаменам. Каждая глава посвящена определенной тематике, актуальной для подростков в возрасте 16–18 лет, и построена таким образом, чтобы расширить ваш словарный запас, а также научить вас использовать полученные знания на практике. В процессе изучения новых слов и выражений вы будете развивать навыки, которые пригодятся вам не только на экзаменах, но и в повседневной жизни, а также в будущем профессиональном общении.

Я специально включила в книгу разнообразные типы упражнений, начиная от заполнения пропусков и сопоставлений, до вопросов личного характера, которые помогут вам не только лучше запомнить новые слова, но и научиться строить логичные и развернутые ответы на типичные вопросы экзаменационных интервью. Вопросы для обсуждения, предлагаемые в конце каждой главы, помогут вам привыкнуть к формату интервью и дать развёрнутые, аргументированные ответы на различные темы.

Я надеюсь, что эта книга поможет вам не только повысить уровень знания языка, но и научит уверенно и свободно общаться на английском, используя богатый и разнообразный лексикон. Я уверена, что каждый урок, упражнение и рассказ, включенные в этот сборник, будут полезны для ваших дальнейших успехов и помогут вам сдать экзамены на максимально высокий балл.

Everyday Family Life

Story

Hey, I’m Max, 17 years old. I live with my mom, dad, and my younger sister, Lily. We live in a small apartment on the outskirts of the city. Our family life is pretty normal, nothing too special, but it’s definitely never boring.

On weekdays, things are a bit hectic in the mornings. My dad works early, so he’s usually out of the house by the time I wake up. My mom is always running around, trying to get Lily ready for school and make sure I don’t forget my lunch. I’m the type who needs a lot of sleep, so getting up on time isn’t always easy. My mom has to call me twice or even three times before I finally get out of bed!

After school, I usually hang out with my friends or go home to help with some chores. My parents both work full-time, so they’re not home until around 6 p.m. It’s kind of a routine — I help with dinner, or if I’m not in the mood, I just relax in my room. Lily, on the other hand, is always running around the house, playing music, or making a mess in the living room. But I don’t mind. It’s just her way of coping with everything.

Family dinners are the one thing we always do together. We may not have a fancy meal, but it’s our time to catch up on the day. We talk about school, work, and anything else that comes to mind. After dinner, my parents usually watch TV, and I spend some time either on my laptop or reading. But we try to stay connected, even if it’s just for a little while. Weekends are the best — we try to go on small family outings, like to the park or for a walk in the neighborhood. It’s our time to relax and enjoy each other’s company.

Life with my family isn’t perfect, but it’s real. Sometimes there are arguments, especially between Lily and me, but at the end of the day, we always find a way to make up. My parents are supportive, even when they’re busy. They may not always understand what I’m going through, but they always listen. That’s what matters the most.

Useful Phrases and Expressions

To get up on time — встать вовремя

To call someone twice or three times — позвонить кому-то два или три раза

To help with chores — помогать по хозяйству

To be in the mood for something — быть в настроении что-то делать

To have family dinners together — ужинать всей семьей

To catch up on the day — обсудить события дня

To spend time with someone — проводить время с кем-то

To stay connected — поддерживать связь

To go on family outings — устраивать семейные выезды

To enjoy each other’s company — наслаждаться обществом друг друга

To relax at home — отдыхать дома

To cope with something — справляться с чем-то

To make up after an argument — помириться после ссоры

To be supportive — поддерживать

To listen to someone — выслушивать кого-то

To talk about school, work, etc. — говорить о школе, работе и т. д.

To have a routine — иметь распорядок дня

To be busy with work — быть занятым на работе

To spend time in my room — проводить время в своей комнате

To run around the house — бегать по дому

To be in charge of something — быть ответственным за что-то

To get along with someone — ладить с кем-то

To be part of the family — быть частью семьи

To argue with someone — спорить с кем-то

To understand someone — понимать кого-то

Vocabulary Practice Exercises

Exercise 1: Fill-in-the-blanks

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate phrases from the list.

Every morning, my mom calls me __________ to wake up.

I don’t always feel like doing chores, but I still __________ and help out.

Our family __________ every evening at 7 p.m. to eat together.

I always try to __________ with my family on the weekends.

Sometimes my sister and I __________, but we always make up after.

My parents are busy with work, but they always __________ when I need to talk.

My sister is always __________, playing music and making noise.

I sometimes like to __________, especially when I have a lot of homework.

Even if we argue, we always __________ and make things right.

I can’t wait for the weekend to __________ with my family.

Exercise 2: Matching

Match the phrases with their correct translations.

To help with chores

To be in the mood for something

To go on family outings

To stay connected

To be supportive

To make up after an argument

a) быть в настроении что-то делать

b) проводить семейные выезды

c) быть поддерживающим

d) помогать по хозяйству

e) помириться после ссоры

f) поддерживать связь

Exercise 3: Personal Questions

Answer the following questions based on your own experiences.

How does your family spend time together during the week?

Do you have any family traditions, like a specific day for family dinners or outings?

How do you help your parents or siblings at home?

Have you ever had a disagreement with your family? How did you solve it?

What do you do when you want to relax at home with your family?

Answer Key

Exercise 1: Fill-in-the-blanks

twice or three times

help out

has family dinners together

go on family outings

argue

listen to me

running around the house

spend time in my room

make up after an argument

spend time with my family

Exercise 2: Matching

To help with chores — d) помогать по хозяйству

To be in the mood for something — a) быть в настроении что-то делать

To go on family outings — b) проводить семейные выезды

To stay connected — f) поддерживать связь

To be supportive — c) быть поддерживающим

To make up after an argument — e) помириться после ссоры

Exercise 3: Personal Questions

1. How does your family spend time together during the week?

Our family usually spends time together during dinner. We have a routine of sitting down at the table every evening and catching up on our day. Sometimes, we also watch a movie or go for a walk after dinner.

2. Do you have any family traditions, like a specific day for family dinners or outings?

Yes, we have a tradition of having a family dinner every Sunday. We also try to go on a short outing together, like visiting a nearby park or having a picnic if the weather is nice. It’s our way of spending quality time together without distractions.

3. How do you help your parents or siblings at home?

I help my parents with cooking and cleaning. I also try to keep my younger brother entertained when my parents are busy with work. Sometimes, I even help with grocery shopping, especially if my mom is too tired after a long day at work.

4. Have you ever had a disagreement with your family? How did you solve it?

Yes, sometimes I argue with my younger sister, especially when she takes my things without asking. We usually solve it by talking about the problem and apologizing to each other. My parents also help us understand each other’s point of view.

5. What do you do when you want to relax at home with your family?

When I want to relax with my family, we usually watch a movie or play board games together. Sometimes, we just sit and talk about our day. It’s nice to have moments where we can all unwind and enjoy each other’s company.

Interpersonal Relationships in the Family

Story

Hi, I’m Leo, I’m 16, and I live with my mom, dad, and older sister, Emma, who’s 18. I guess you could say that our family is a bit complicated, especially when it comes to relationships.

My mom and I get along pretty well most of the time, but there are moments when we just don’t understand each other. She’s always on my case about school and what I should do with my life. She’s really protective, and sometimes I feel like she doesn’t trust me to make my own decisions. I know she means well, but it can be frustrating when she treats me like I’m still a kid.

My dad is a bit different. We don’t talk much about personal stuff, but I know he supports me. He’s more laid-back and gives me space, but sometimes I wish he would be a bit more involved. He’s often busy with work, and I understand that, but I feel like we don’t have many deep conversations.

Emma, my sister, and I have a love-hate relationship. One minute, we’re laughing together, and the next minute, we’re fighting over something silly like whose turn it is to clean the bathroom. I don’t know why, but we just seem to clash a lot. Maybe it’s because we’re both trying to find our place in the family, and sometimes it feels like there’s not enough attention to go around.

But no matter what happens, we always manage to make up. We might argue, but at the end of the day, we all care about each other. I’ve learned that family relationships can be tough, but they’re also the most important ones. Even when we disagree, we support each other because we’re family, and that’s what matters most.

Useful Phrases and Expressions

To get along well — ладить с кем-то

To be on someone’s case — надоедать кому-то, критиковать

To treat someone like a kid — относиться к кому-то как к ребенку

To trust someone — доверять кому-то

To support someone — поддерживать кого-то

To give someone space — давать кому-то пространство

To be involved — быть вовлеченным

To clash with someone — конфликтовать с кем-то

To fight over something — ссориться из-за чего-то

To make up — помириться

To have deep conversations — проводить глубокие беседы

To feel frustrated — чувствовать себя раздраженно

To treat someone like an adult — относиться к кому-то как к взрослому

To argue with someone — спорить с кем-то

To find one’s place in the family — найти свое место в семье

To have a love-hate relationship — иметь отношения «любовь-ненависть»

To understand someone — понимать кого-то

To care about someone — заботиться о ком-то

To manage to do something — справиться с чем-то

To be protective — быть защитным, опекающим

To give advice — давать советы

To trust someone’s judgment — доверять чьему-то мнению

To keep things to oneself — держать что-то при себе

To feel like there’s not enough attention — чувствовать, что на тебя не хватает внимания

To be there for someone — быть рядом с кем-то, поддерживать

Vocabulary Practice Exercises

Exercise 1: Fill-in-the-blanks

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate phrases from the list.

My mom is always __________ about my grades and future, but I know she just wants the best for me.

Sometimes my sister and I __________ over the smallest things, like who left the dishes in the sink.

I really appreciate that my dad gives me __________ and lets me handle things on my own.

My parents __________ me in everything I do, even if we don’t always agree.

After our argument, Emma and I finally __________ and made up.

My sister and I __________, and it feels like we can never agree on anything.

Sometimes I feel like my mom treats me like a child instead of __________ me like an adult.

I get really __________ when my mom keeps telling me what to do.

Even though we fight, I know that my family will always __________ me.

I like to __________ with my friends instead of talking to my parents about personal stuff.

Exercise 2: Matching

Match the phrases with their correct translations.

To clash with someone

To trust someone’s judgment

To feel frustrated

To have a love-hate relationship

To give advice

To be protective

a) чувствовать себя раздраженно

b) иметь отношения «любовь-ненависть»

c) давать советы

d) быть защитным

e) конфликтовать с кем-то

f) доверять чьему-то мнению

Exercise 3: Personal Questions

Answer the following questions based on your own experiences.

How do you get along with your parents or siblings? Are there any specific things you argue about?

Have you ever felt misunderstood by your parents? How did you handle it?

Do you feel your parents treat you more like a child or an adult? Why?

How do you resolve conflicts with your siblings or parents?

What do you do when you need advice from your family?

Answer Key

Exercise 1: Fill-in-the-blanks

on my case

fight over something

space

support

made up

clash with someone

treating

frustrated

be there for

keep things to myself

Exercise 2: Matching

To clash with someone — e) конфликтовать с кем-то

To trust someone’s judgment — f) доверять чьему-то мнению

To feel frustrated — a) чувствовать себя раздраженно

To have a love-hate relationship — b) иметь отношения «любовь-ненависть»

To give advice — c) давать советы

To be protective — d) быть защитником

Example Answers to Personal Questions:

How do you get along with your parents or siblings? Are there any specific things you argue about?

I get along well with my parents, but I sometimes argue with my sister over small things like who gets the TV remote or who has to do the dishes. We get over it quickly, though.

Have you ever felt misunderstood by your parents? How did you handle it?

Yes, sometimes I feel like my mom doesn’t understand why I want to spend so much time with my friends instead of at home. I explained that it’s important for me to have my own space, and she listened after that.

Do you feel your parents treat you more like a child or an adult? Why?

I think my parents treat me like an adult because they trust me to make decisions for myself. However, my mom still gives me advice about school and my future, which makes me feel like she wants to protect me.

How do you resolve conflicts with your siblings or parents?

I usually talk things out calmly with my siblings after a disagreement. If it’s with my parents, I try to explain my point of view and listen to theirs. If we still don’t agree, we take some time and come back to the conversation later.

What do you do when you need advice from your family?

When I need advice, I usually talk to my dad because he gives good, level-headed advice. My mom tends to be a bit emotional, but I go to her for support when I need comfort.

Family Traditions

Story

Hey, I’m Sasha, I’m 17 years old, and I want to tell you about some of the traditions in my family that make our life special.

Our family is pretty close, and we have a few traditions that bring us together every year. One of my favorites is Thanksgiving dinner. Every year, my mom and I cook a big meal, and we invite my grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins to celebrate together. It’s always a little chaotic, with everyone talking at once, but it’s so much fun. The best part is when we all sit down at the table and share what we’re thankful for. It’s a moment when we really connect as a family.

Another tradition we have is Sunday family movie night. Every Sunday evening, we make popcorn, order pizza, and watch a movie together. It doesn’t matter if we’ve had a tough week — Sunday nights are sacred in our house. It’s a way for us to relax, laugh, and forget about everything else. Sometimes we even pick a movie that’s been on our list for months!

Lastly, there’s my birthday tradition. Ever since I was little, my parents have taken me out for breakfast on my birthday. It’s a quiet, simple tradition, but it’s one I look forward to every year. We usually go to the same café near our house, and I order pancakes with whipped cream and strawberries. It feels special because it’s just me and my parents, and it’s a moment where we get to celebrate the year that passed and talk about what’s ahead.

These traditions may seem small to some people, but they’re a big deal for me. They help me feel connected to my family, and they remind me of what’s truly important: spending time with the people you love.

Useful Phrases and Expressions

To bring the family together — собирать семью вместе

To celebrate together — праздновать вместе

To share what we’re thankful for — делиться тем, за что мы благодарны

To sit down at the table — сесть за стол

To have a chaotic atmosphere — иметь хаотичную атмосферу

To connect as a family — соединяться как семья, устанавливать связь

To be sacred — быть священным, важным

To relax and forget about everything else — расслабиться и забыть обо всем остальном

To have a movie night — устроить вечер кино

To order pizza — заказать пиццу

To look forward to something — с нетерпением ждать чего-то

To be simple but special — быть простым, но особенным

To celebrate the year that passed — отмечать прошедший год

To talk about what’s ahead — говорить о том, что предстоит

To make memories — создавать воспоминания

To feel connected to someone — чувствовать связь с кем-то

To remind me of what’s truly important — напоминать о том, что на самом деле важно

To have a tradition — иметь традицию

To pick a movie — выбрать фильм

To go to the same café — ходить в одно и то же кафе

To order pancakes with whipped cream — заказывать блины со взбитыми сливками

To celebrate my birthday — праздновать мой день рождения

To get together — собраться вместе

To be a big deal — быть важным событием

To feel special — чувствовать себя особенным

Vocabulary Practice Exercises

Exercise 1: Fill-in-the-blanks

Fill in the blanks with the correct phrases from the list.

Every year, my family __________ by celebrating Christmas together.

On my birthday, we __________ and go out for breakfast to celebrate.

Sunday evenings are __________ for our family, so we always watch a movie together.

We always __________ about what we’re thankful for during our Thanksgiving dinner.

Our family movie night is a way for us to __________ after a busy week.

I really __________ our pancake breakfast tradition because it’s something my parents and I do every year.

It’s nice to have a tradition that helps us __________ and remind us what matters most.

On my birthday, we always __________ at the same café, which has been our tradition for years.

The house was a little __________ on Thanksgiving because there were so many people.

Our traditions help me feel __________ to my family, even when life gets busy.

Exercise 2: Matching

Match the phrases with their correct translations.

To celebrate together

To look forward to something

To have a chaotic atmosphere

To relax and forget about everything else

To make memories

To feel connected to someone

a) создавать воспоминания

b) праздновать вместе

c) расслабиться и забыть обо всем остальном

d) с нетерпением ждать чего-то

e) иметь хаотичную атмосферу

f) чувствовать связь с кем-то

Exercise 3: Personal Questions

Answer the following questions based on your own experiences.

Does your family have any special traditions? What are they?

What’s your favorite family tradition and why?

How do you celebrate your birthday with your family?

Why do you think family traditions are important?

How do you usually spend holidays with your family?

Answer Key

Exercise 1: Fill-in-the-blanks

get together

pick a movie

sacred

share what we’re thankful for

relax and forget about everything else

look forward to

connect with each other

go to the same café

chaotic

connected

Exercise 2: Matching

To celebrate together — b) праздновать вместе

To look forward to something — d) с нетерпением ждать чего-то

To have a chaotic atmosphere — e) иметь хаотичную атмосферу

To relax and forget about everything else — c) расслабиться и забыть обо всем остальном

To make memories — a) создавать воспоминания

To feel connected to someone — f) чувствовать связь с кем-то

Example Answers to Personal Questions:

Does your family have any special traditions? What are they?

Yes, every year we have a special Christmas dinner where we all cook together. We also have a tradition of visiting our grandparents on New Year’s Eve.

What’s your favorite family tradition and why?

My favorite tradition is our family movie night. It’s a time when we all sit down, relax, and enjoy each other’s company, no matter how busy we are during the week.

How do you celebrate your birthday with your family?

On my birthday, we go out for breakfast at my favorite café and then spend the day together. I love it because it’s quiet and personal, just with my parents.

Why do you think family traditions are important?

Family traditions help bring everyone closer and create memories that last a lifetime. They remind us of what’s really important — spending quality time with the people you love.

How do you usually spend holidays with your family?

During the holidays, we usually stay home, decorate the house, and cook big meals together. We like to keep things cozy and spend time talking, playing games, or watching movies.

Family Hangouts

Story

Hi! I’m Dasha, I’m 17, and I want to tell you about something I look forward to every week — our family hangouts.

We don’t do anything super fancy, but it’s one of my favorite parts of the week. Every Friday evening, after school, my family gets together in the living room. My mom usually orders pizza or we make homemade sandwiches. My dad sets up the TV for a movie, and my little brother, Alex, gets all excited about choosing which movie we’re going to watch. Most of the time, we end up watching a comedy or an action movie, because Alex always picks something fast-paced and fun.

We don’t just watch movies, though. We talk a lot, too. Sometimes, my mom shares funny stories from work, and my dad tells us about his childhood. I don’t always understand everything my dad says (he can go on and on), but I enjoy hearing about the crazy things he did when he was my age. My brother and I make fun of him sometimes, but we know he’s just trying to connect with us.

We always end the night with a family game. It’s either board games or video games, depending on our mood. Last Friday, we played charades, and it was hilarious. My dad can’t act, and Alex’s guesses are always so wrong that it’s impossible not to laugh. We may argue over the rules sometimes, but it’s all in good fun. We always finish the evening by sitting together, chatting about our week, and planning what we’ll do next weekend.

Our family hangouts aren’t anything special to anyone else, but for me, they’re the highlight of the week. It’s our time to forget about school, work, and all the stress, and just enjoy being together.

Useful Phrases and Expressions

To get together — собираться вместе

To look forward to something — с нетерпением ждать чего-то

To set up the TV — настраивать телевизор

To make homemade sandwiches — готовить домашние бутерброды

To pick a movie — выбирать фильм

To be excited about something — быть в восторге от чего-то

To go on and on — говорить без конца

To share funny stories — рассказывать смешные истории

To make fun of someone — смеяться над кем-то

To try to connect with someone — пытаться наладить контакт с кем-то

To end the night — закончить вечер

To play board games — играть в настольные игры

To play video games — играть в видеоигры

To guess something — угадать что-то

To argue over the rules — спорить о правилах

In good fun — для веселья, с юмором

To be the highlight of the week — быть самым ярким моментом недели

To forget about something — забыть о чем-то

To enjoy being together — наслаждаться временем вместе

To plan something — планировать что-то

To relax and unwind — расслабляться и отдыхать

To laugh out loud — смеяться вслух

To get along with someone — ладить с кем-то

To have a good time — хорошо проводить время

To have a blast — отлично проводить время

Vocabulary Practice Exercises

Exercise 1: Fill-in-the-blanks

Fill in the blanks with the correct phrases from the list.

Every Friday, my family __________ and enjoys a movie together.

We always __________ for the family hangout because it’s our chance to relax.

My dad usually __________ the TV and sets up the movie.

Alex is always so __________ about picking the movie for the night.

We always end the evening by __________ playing video games or a board game.

Sometimes, we __________ when we talk about our past, but it’s all in good fun.

We don’t always agree on the rules, but we never get serious when we __________.

Our family hangouts are definitely the __________ of the week for me.

It’s so nice to just __________ and forget about everything else for a few hours.

After the movie, we usually __________ about the next family hangout.

Exercise 2: Matching

Match the phrases with their correct translations.

To get together

To be excited about something

To share funny stories

To make fun of someone

To argue over the rules

To laugh out loud

a) смеяться вслух

b) спорить о правилах

c) собираться вместе

d) быть в восторге от чего-то

e) рассказывать смешные истории

f) смеяться над кем-то

Exercise 3: Personal Questions

Answer the following questions based on your own experiences.

Does your family have any regular hangouts? What do you usually do together?

How do you like to spend your weekends with your family?

What’s the best part of spending time with your family?

Do you have any funny traditions or games that you play with your family?

How do you feel after a family hangout?

Answer Key

Exercise 1: Fill-in-the-blanks

get together

look forward to

sets up

excited

playing

argue over the rules

laugh out loud

highlight

relax and unwind

plan

Exercise 2: Matching

To get together — c) собираться вместе

To be excited about something — d) быть в восторге от чего-то

To share funny stories — e) рассказывать смешные истории

To make fun of someone — f) смеяться над кем-то

To argue over the rules — b) спорить о правилах

To laugh out loud — a) смеяться вслух

Example Answers to Personal Questions:

Does your family have any regular hangouts? What do you usually do together?

Yes, my family has a regular hangout every Saturday. We usually have a barbecue in the backyard, play some music, and just relax together.

How do you like to spend your weekends with your family?

I enjoy spending my weekends with my family by going for walks in the park or having a movie marathon at home. It’s a great way to catch up and have fun.

What’s the best part of spending time with your family?

The best part is just laughing and talking together. It’s nice to forget about everything else and be in the moment with the people I care about.

Do you have any funny traditions or games that you play with your family?

Yes, we have a tradition of playing charades every Christmas. It’s always hilarious because we act out the most ridiculous things, and no one ever guesses correctly!

How do you feel after a family hangout?

I feel happy and relaxed after spending time with my family. It’s nice to be able to just unwind and enjoy each other’s company.

Comfort at Home

Story

Hey, I’m Katya, I’m 16, and I want to tell you what makes my house feel really cozy and special to me.

For me, comfort at home isn’t just about having a nice sofa or a fancy TV. It’s about the little things that make the atmosphere warm and inviting. My favorite part of the house is the living room. It’s not the biggest room, but it’s the one where I feel the most at home. There’s a huge, soft couch where we all sit together to watch movies, and I love how it’s surrounded by plants. My mom is really into plants, so we have a lot of them. They give the room a fresh feel, and I find it really relaxing just to sit there and look at them.

Another thing that makes our home cozy is the smell. It sounds strange, but I think smell is such an important part of creating a welcoming environment. My mom always bakes on weekends, and the smell of fresh bread or cinnamon rolls fills the house. When I walk in after school, the first thing I notice is that smell. It instantly makes me feel relaxed and safe, like I’m home.

The lighting is also a huge factor. We don’t use bright overhead lights much. Instead, we have soft lamps that give off a warm glow. My mom likes to light candles too, especially in the evening. I love how the soft, flickering light creates a calm atmosphere. It feels like a mini escape from the busy world outside.

Of course, comfort at home is also about the people you share it with. My family is always around, and there’s always someone to talk to or hang out with. Whether it’s my dad telling jokes or my younger brother running around, there’s always some kind of activity happening. Even on the busiest days, it’s nice to come home to a place where you feel loved and at ease.

For me, home is the place where I can truly relax and be myself. It’s where I feel safe, comfortable, and happy.

Useful Phrases and Expressions

To feel at home — чувствовать себя как дома

A cozy home — уютный дом

To create a warm and inviting atmosphere — создавать тёплую и гостеприимную атмосферу

To be surrounded by something — быть окружённым чем-то

To find something relaxing — находить что-то расслабляющим

To feel safe — чувствовать себя в безопасности

To notice something — замечать что-то

To instantly feel relaxed — сразу почувствовать расслабление

To give off a warm glow — излучать тёплый свет

A soft glow — мягкое свечение

To light candles — зажигать свечи

To escape from the busy world outside — убежать от суеты внешнего мира

To hang out with someone — проводить время с кем-то

To tell jokes — рассказывать шутки

To have someone to talk to — иметь с кем поговорить

To be around — быть рядом, находиться в близости

To feel loved — чувствовать себя любимым

To be yourself — быть собой

To come home — прийти домой

To make something special — сделать что-то особенным

A fresh feel — свежая атмосфера

To fill the house with a smell — наполнять дом запахом

A welcoming environment — гостеприимная обстановка

A soft lamp — мягкая лампа

To create a calm atmosphere — создавать спокойную атмосферу

Vocabulary Practice Exercises

Exercise 1: Fill-in-the-blanks

Fill in the blanks with the correct phrases from the list.

The smell of cinnamon rolls __________ every weekend, and it makes the house feel warm and cozy.

I love the __________ of the living room, with its soft light and plants everywhere.

When I come home after a long day, I instantly __________ and feel at peace.

My mom likes to __________ in the evenings, especially when we have family dinners.

The living room is a place where we __________ after school to watch movies or talk.

Having plants around the house really __________. They make everything feel fresher and more relaxing.

The soft lighting from the lamps creates a __________ that helps me relax after a busy day.

I feel completely __________ when I’m at home because it’s a place where I can be myself.

Our house is always __________ with the smell of fresh bread, which is my favorite thing.

After school, I like to __________ with my family and chat about our day.

Exercise 2: Matching

Match the phrases with their correct translations.

To feel at home

To create a welcoming environment

To light candles

To have someone to talk to

To come home

A cozy home

a) создать гостеприимную атмосферу

b) иметь с кем поговорить

c) прийти домой

d) уютный дом

e) зажигать свечи

f) чувствовать себя как дома

Exercise 3: Personal Questions

Answer the following questions based on your own experiences.

What makes your home feel cozy and special to you?

How do you usually spend your time at home after school?

What’s your favorite part of your home and why?

How do your family members contribute to creating a cozy atmosphere at home?

Do you think the smell of food or candles can make a big difference in how a home feels? Why?

Answer Key

Exercise 1: Fill-in-the-blanks

fills the house with a smell

feel

feel relaxed

light candles

hang out

gives off a fresh feel

soft glow

feel safe

fills the house

hang out

Exercise 2: Matching

To feel at home — f) чувствовать себя как дома

To create a welcoming environment — a) создать гостеприимную атмосферу

To light candles — e) зажигать свечи

To have someone to talk to — b) иметь с кем поговорить

To come home — c) прийти домой

A cozy home — d) уютный дом

Example Answers to Personal Questions:

What makes your home feel cozy and special to you?

I love how my room is always warm and how there’s a big window where I can see the trees outside. My family also has a tradition of making hot chocolate on rainy days, which always makes the house feel extra cozy.

How do you usually spend your time at home after school?

After school, I usually go to my room to relax, do my homework, and listen to music. On weekends, I like to spend time with my family in the living room, watching movies or just chatting.

What’s your favorite part of your home and why?

My favorite part of the house is the kitchen because it’s where everyone gathers to cook and talk. It feels really warm and inviting, especially when my mom is baking something.

How do your family members contribute to creating a cozy atmosphere at home?

My mom likes to keep the house clean and adds little touches like fresh flowers or candles. My dad often plays music in the living room, which makes the space feel comfortable and lively.

Do you think the smell of food or candles can make a big difference in how a home feels? Why?

Yes, definitely! The smell of freshly baked cookies or a scented candle makes the house feel inviting and warm. It immediately makes you feel like you’re in a place where you’re welcome and safe.

Conflict Situations

Story

Hey, I’m Ivan, I’m 18, and I want to tell you about a conflict I had with my best friend, Max, and how we managed to sort it out.

It all started last month when we were planning a trip to the mountains. We’ve been friends for years, and we’ve always done everything together, so I was really excited. Max and I are very different, though — he’s spontaneous, and I like to plan everything down to the smallest detail. So when he suggested we go hiking without a specific route or any preparation, I got really upset. I tried to explain that it was important to me to have a plan so we wouldn’t get lost, but Max just brushed it off and said, «Don’t worry, it’ll be fun!»

That really got on my nerves. I started thinking that he didn’t take me seriously and that he was ignoring my feelings. We had a huge argument about it, and for the next couple of days, we didn’t speak at all. I was so frustrated that I didn’t even want to talk to him. It felt like our friendship was falling apart.

After a few days, I realized that holding onto my anger wasn’t going to solve anything. So I decided to talk to him. I told Max how I felt, and he actually listened. He apologized for not considering my concerns and explained that he didn’t want the trip to feel too stressful. Max admitted that he often rushes into things because he doesn’t like overthinking them. I understood where he was coming from, and I apologized too, for getting too upset.

We both agreed that we needed to find a balance between his spontaneous nature and my need for planning. We ended up planning the trip together, with some flexibility, and it turned out to be an amazing experience. We learned that sometimes it’s important to express your feelings and find a compromise, rather than letting a small disagreement ruin a good friendship.

Useful Phrases and Expressions

To have an argument — поссориться, спорить

To get upset — расстраиваться

To try to explain something — пытаться объяснить что-то

To brush something off — отмахиваться от чего-то, игнорировать

To get on someone’s nerves — раздражать кого-то

To ignore someone’s feelings — игнорировать чьи-то чувства

To have a huge argument — сильно поссориться

To be frustrated — быть разочарованным, расстроенным

To fall apart — разрушаться, распадаться (о дружбе, отношениях)

To hold onto anger — держаться за злость

To talk it out — поговорить, обсудить ситуацию

To listen to someone — выслушать кого-то

To apologize for something — извиниться за что-то

To rush into things — бросаться в дела, не обдумав их

To overthink something — слишком много думать, переживать

To find a balance — найти баланс

To find a compromise — найти компромисс

To express your feelings — выразить свои чувства

To ruin a good friendship — разрушить хорошую дружбу

To turn out to be — оказаться, получиться

To be flexible — быть гибким, адаптироваться

To come to an understanding — прийти к взаимопониманию

To take someone seriously — воспринимать кого-то всерьез

To solve a problem — решить проблему

To be angry at someone — злиться на кого-то

Vocabulary Practice Exercises

Exercise 1: Fill-in-the-blanks

Fill in the blanks with the correct phrases from the list.

I was so upset when Max just __________ my concerns about the trip.

After our argument, I realized I couldn’t __________ my anger forever.

We had a __________ about the trip, and it felt like we weren’t friends anymore.

I decided to __________ and talk to Max about how I was feeling.

Max apologized for __________ my feelings and promised to consider my thoughts next time.

We finally agreed to __________ between Max’s spontaneous ideas and my need for plans.

It was a difficult situation, but we were able to __________ and work things out.

I was so __________ because I felt like he wasn’t listening to me.

I tried to __________ why I felt uncomfortable with his idea of hiking without a plan.

We both realized that a small disagreement shouldn’t __________ our friendship.

Exercise 2: Matching

Match the phrases with their correct translations.

To have an argument

To listen to someone

To rush into things

To apologize for something

To find a compromise

To get on someone’s nerves

a) извиняться за что-то

b) раздражать кого-то

c) поспешить с чем-то

d) спорить с кем-то

e) найти компромисс

f) выслушать кого-то

Exercise 3: Personal Questions

Answer the following questions based on your own experiences.

Have you ever had a conflict with a friend? How did you resolve it?

How do you usually deal with arguments in your family or with friends?

Do you think it’s important to express your feelings during a conflict? Why?

What is more important for you: to find a compromise or to stick to your opinion? Why?

How can conflicts sometimes improve relationships?

Answer Key

Exercise 1: Fill-in-the-blanks

brushed off

hold onto

huge argument

talk it out

ignoring

find a balance

come to an understanding

frustrated

try to explain

ruin

Exercise 2: Matching

To have an argument — d) спорить с кем-то

To listen to someone — f) выслушать кого-то

To rush into things — c) поспешить с чем-то

To apologize for something — a) извиняться за что-то

To find a compromise — e) найти компромисс

To get on someone’s nerves — b) раздражать кого-то

Example Answers to Personal Questions:

Have you ever had a conflict with a friend? How did you resolve it?

Yes, I had a conflict with my best friend over a school project. We both had different ideas about how to approach it, but we solved it by talking openly and agreeing to combine our ideas.

How do you usually deal with arguments in your family or with friends?

I usually try to stay calm and listen to the other person’s point of view. After hearing them out, I express my own feelings, and we try to find a solution together.

Do you think it’s important to express your feelings during a conflict? Why?

Yes, it’s really important to express your feelings because if you don’t, you might end up bottling everything up, which could lead to bigger problems later on.

What is more important for you: to find a compromise or to stick to your opinion? Why?

For me, finding a compromise is more important. Sticking to my opinion can be important, but listening to others and finding common ground helps maintain healthy relationships.

How can conflicts sometimes improve relationships?

Conflicts can improve relationships because they allow you to understand each other better. Once you talk things out and solve the problem, you often feel closer to the other person and more comfortable sharing your thoughts in the future.

Finding Friends

Story

Hi, I’m Liza, I’m 17, and I want to tell about how I found my best friend, Anna.

It wasn’t always easy to make friends. When I was younger, I was pretty shy and didn’t always know how to start conversations with people. I remember in middle school, I would sit alone at lunch and watch everyone else talk and laugh. It felt like I didn’t belong. I wanted to find someone to talk to, but I didn’t know how to break the ice.

One day, everything changed. I was sitting in class when Anna, a girl from my math group, turned around and asked if I wanted to join her for lunch. I was a little surprised, but I said yes. We started talking, and she told me about her love for reading, something we both had in common. We talked about our favorite books, and from that day on, we started meeting for lunch every day.

At first, it was awkward, and we didn’t have much to say. But over time, we found more things we liked to do together. We both loved going to the movies and trying new cafés in the city. Slowly, I realized that Anna was someone I could trust, someone who made me feel comfortable being myself. We shared a lot of laughs, talked about everything under the sun, and soon became inseparable.

Looking back, I realized that finding a good friend isn’t about having everything in common or being exactly the same. It’s about being open, being yourself, and showing that you care. A good friendship takes time, but it’s worth the effort. I’m so glad I didn’t give up, because now I know that true friends are the ones who support you, understand you, and always make you feel welcome.

Useful Phrases and Expressions

To make friends — завести друзей

To break the ice — разрядить обстановку, начать разговор

To start a conversation — начать разговор

To feel like you don’t belong — чувствовать, что не принадлежишь

To feel comfortable — чувствовать себя комфортно

To find common ground — найти общие интересы

To meet for lunch — встречаться на обед

To have something in common — иметь что-то общее

To trust someone — доверять кому-то

To be inseparable — быть неразлучными

To share laughs — смеяться вместе

To talk about everything under the sun — говорить обо всем на свете

To show that you care — показывать, что тебе не все равно

To be open — быть открытым

To be yourself — быть собой

To make an effort — прилагать усилия

To get to know someone — узнать кого-то

To support someone — поддерживать кого-то

A good friendship — хорошая дружба

To feel welcome — чувствовать себя желанным

To be shy — быть застенчивым

To have a lot in common — иметь много общего

To be surprised — удивиться

To become close friends — стать близкими друзьями

To realize something — осознать что-то

Vocabulary Practice Exercises

Exercise 1: Fill-in-the-blanks

Fill in the blanks with the correct phrases from the list.

Being __________ at school made it hard to start conversations with new people.

When Anna asked me to join her for lunch, I was a little __________, but I said yes anyway.

It’s important to __________ with someone when meeting them for the first time.

At first, Anna and I didn’t have much in common, but we slowly __________.

We started meeting for lunch every day and eventually __________.

True friends are the ones who __________ each other no matter what.

One of the best parts of friendship is being able to __________ together.

It took time, but over time we __________ and became close friends.

I never thought I would __________ how important it is to have good friends.

Making friends can be hard, but it’s worth the __________.

Exercise 2: Matching

Match the phrases with their correct translations.

To make friends

To feel comfortable

To break the ice

To find common ground

To support someone

To be inseparable

a) поддерживать кого-то

b) быть неразлучными

c) завести друзей

d) чувствовать себя комфортно

e) разрядить обстановку

f) найти общие интересы

Exercise 3: Personal Questions

Answer the following questions based on personal experiences.

How do new friendships usually start?

Has there ever been a person with whom it was easy to make friends due to shared interests? What was that like?

What qualities make a good friend?

How can someone tell if a person is trustworthy?

Is making friends easy for teenagers? Why or why not?

Answer Key

Exercise 1: Fill-in-the-blanks

shy

surprised

break the ice

found common ground

became close friends

support

share laughs

realized

make an effort

effort

Exercise 2: Matching

To make friends — c) завести друзей

To feel comfortable — d) чувствовать себя комфортно

To break the ice — e) разрядить обстановку

To find common ground — f) найти общие интересы

To support someone — a) поддерживать кого-то

To be inseparable — b) быть неразлучными

Example Answers to Personal Questions:

How do new friendships usually start?

New friendships often start with small conversations where common interests are found. Sometimes, it’s about sharing an experience or simply being in the same place at the right time.

Has there ever been a person with whom it was easy to make friends due to shared interests? What was that like?

Yes, there was a person at a summer camp who loved the same books and movies. It made connecting much easier because there was something to talk about from the start.

What qualities make a good friend?

A good friend is someone who listens, is reliable, supportive, and honest. A true friend always stands by, even when times are tough.

How can someone tell if a person is trustworthy?

Trustworthiness can be determined through actions over time. If someone keeps their promises, is open and honest, and respects boundaries, they are likely trustworthy.

Is making friends easy for teenagers? Why or why not?

Making friends can be both easy and challenging. For some, finding people with similar interests or personalities happens naturally, while for others, social situations can feel awkward and require more effort.

Conflict Prevention and Resolution

Story

Hi, I’m Sasha, and I want to tell you about a conflict I had with my older brother, Ivan, and how we managed to solve it without making things worse.

It all started when we were planning a family trip. We were supposed to spend a weekend at the lake, but Ivan and I had very different ideas about how we should spend the time. Ivan wanted to go fishing all day, while I was more interested in hiking and exploring the area. We both wanted to do what we liked, but we didn’t communicate very well about it.

At first, we just started arguing about it. I felt like Ivan wasn’t considering what I wanted to do, and he thought I was being selfish for not caring about fishing. The argument quickly escalated, and we both ended up shouting at each other. My mom heard us, and she asked us to sit down and talk calmly. She suggested that we could both do the activities we liked, but we needed to compromise and plan the day together.

It was hard at first. I was frustrated and didn’t want to give up my plans, but Ivan also had his own reasons for wanting to fish. We decided to split the day — we would go hiking in the morning and then fish in the afternoon. That way, we both got to do what we wanted, and the whole day didn’t feel like a battle.

Afterward, I realized that the key to resolving the conflict was communication. If we had talked from the beginning, we wouldn’t have wasted so much time arguing. It was also important to listen to each other and find a middle ground. Since then, we’ve been able to resolve many conflicts more easily by talking things through and understanding each other’s point of view.

Useful Phrases and Expressions

To have a conflict — иметь конфликт

To escalate a situation — усугублять ситуацию

To argue about something — спорить о чём-то

To feel frustrated — чувствовать себя разочарованным

To communicate well — хорошо общаться

To compromise — идти на компромисс

To plan something together — планировать что-то вместе

To listen to someone’s point of view — выслушать чью-то точку зрения

To find a middle ground — найти компромисс

To talk calmly — говорить спокойно

To get upset — расстраиваться

To make a decision — принять решение

To resolve a conflict — разрешить конфликт

To get along with someone — ладить с кем-то

To consider someone’s feelings — учитывать чьи-то чувства

To shout at someone — кричать на кого-то

To be selfish — быть эгоистом

To be willing to compromise — быть готовым к компромиссу

To avoid an argument — избежать ссоры

To express your feelings — выразить свои чувства

To understand someone’s perspective — понять чью-то точку зрения

To stay calm — оставаться спокойным

To create tension — создавать напряжение

To agree on something — согласиться на что-то

To make things worse — ухудшить ситуацию

Vocabulary Practice Exercises

Exercise 1: Fill-in-the-blanks

Fill in the blanks with the correct phrases from the list.

Ivan and I had a __________ because we couldn’t agree on what to do during the trip.

I felt really __________ when he didn’t care about my plans for the weekend.

Our argument started to __________, and we were both shouting at each other.

My mom helped us to __________ by suggesting that we could do both activities.

We had to __________ and split the day between hiking and fishing.

After we talked calmly, we managed to __________ the situation without further problems.

I was angry at first, but I had to remind myself to stay __________.

The key to __________ is to listen to each other’s feelings and find a solution that works for both.

It was important to __________ Ivan’s perspective, even if I didn’t agree with it.

If we had __________ earlier, we would have avoided the whole argument.

Exercise 2: Matching

Match the phrases with their correct translations.

To have a conflict

To communicate well

To compromise

To make a decision

To resolve a conflict

To get upset

a) разрешить конфликт

b) иметь конфликт

c) рассердиться

d) хорошо общаться

e) принять решение

f) идти на компромисс

Exercise 3: Personal Questions

Answer the following questions based on personal experiences.

What is the best way to prevent a conflict from escalating?

How do you usually deal with disagreements in your family or with friends?

Have you ever managed to resolve a conflict by compromising? How did it work out?

Do you think it’s important to listen to someone’s point of view during a disagreement? Why?

What strategies can help to stay calm during an argument?

Answer Key

Exercise 1: Fill-in-the-blanks

conflict

frustrated

escalate

compromise

compromise

resolve

calm

resolving a conflict

consider

communicated

Exercise 2: Matching

To have a conflict — b) иметь конфликт

To communicate well — d) хорошо общаться

To compromise — f) идти на компромисс

To make a decision — e) принять решение

To resolve a conflict — a) разрешить конфликт

To get upset — c) рассердиться

Example Answers to Personal Questions:

What is the best way to prevent a conflict from escalating?

The best way to prevent a conflict from escalating is to stay calm and listen to the other person’s point of view. It’s also important to address the issue early, before emotions get too high.

How do you usually deal with disagreements in your family or with friends?

I try to stay calm and avoid shouting. I make sure to explain my side clearly and listen to the other person. I also try to find a solution that works for both of us, rather than just insisting on my own way.

Have you ever managed to resolve a conflict by compromising? How did it work out?

Yes, I had a disagreement with a friend over what movie to watch. We both wanted something different, so we compromised by choosing a movie we both liked. It worked out great, and we ended up enjoying it together.

Do you think it’s important to listen to someone’s point of view during a disagreement? Why?

Yes, it’s very important because understanding the other person’s feelings and perspective helps to find a better solution. It also shows respect for the other person and helps avoid misunderstandings.

What strategies can help to stay calm during an argument?

Taking deep breaths and focusing on staying composed can help. It also helps to pause and take a moment before responding, rather than reacting immediately.

Describing a Person’s Appearance

Story

Hi, I’m Ksenia, I’m 17, and today I want to tell you about my new classmate, Max, and how I first noticed him.

It was the beginning of the school year, and I was sitting in the back row, trying to figure out where I fit in among all the new faces. Our school had just opened a new art program, and a lot of new students joined the class. Max was one of them.

When I first saw him, he stood out from the crowd. Max is tall, probably around 6 feet, with short, messy brown hair and bright green eyes. His face is kind of angular, with a strong jawline and high cheekbones. He doesn’t smile a lot, but when he does, it’s a little crooked, and it gives him this mysterious look. I remember thinking that he looked like someone out of a movie, but in a cool, laid-back way.

Max is always dressed casually — usually in a graphic t-shirt, a denim jacket, and sneakers. His style is simple, but there’s something about how he wears everything that makes it seem effortless. He’s also very fit. I can tell he spends a lot of time outdoors, maybe running or doing something active. His arms are muscular, and he has a bit of a tan, which makes him look even more striking.

At first, I didn’t talk to him much because I wasn’t sure if he’d be friendly, but the more I saw him, the more I started to think he wasn’t as intimidating as he seemed. After a while, we started chatting during lunch, and I found out he was actually really down-to-earth. His appearance may have been what caught my attention first, but his personality was what made me want to be friends.

Useful Phrases and Expressions

To stand out from the crowd — выделяться из толпы

To fit in — вписаться, стать частью коллектива

To have short hair — иметь короткие волосы

To be tall — быть высоким

To have bright eyes — иметь яркие глаза

To have an angular face — иметь угловатое лицо

To have a strong jawline — иметь выраженную челюсть

To have high cheekbones — иметь высокие скулы

To give a mysterious look — иметь загадочный взгляд

To be dressed casually — быть одетым неформально

To wear a denim jacket — носить джинсовую куртку

To wear sneakers — носить кроссовки

To be fit — быть в хорошей физической форме

To spend time outdoors — проводить время на свежем воздухе

To have a tan — иметь загар

To look striking — выглядеть впечатляюще

To look cool — выглядеть круто

To seem effortless — казаться непринужденным

To be muscular — быть мускулистым

To have a crooked smile — иметь кривую улыбку

To be down-to-earth — быть приземленным, с простым характером

To catch someone’s attention — привлекать чье-то внимание

To be intimidating — быть пугающим, устрашающим

To chat during lunch — болтать во время обеда

To be friends — стать друзьями

Vocabulary Practice Exercises

Exercise 1: Fill-in-the-blanks

Fill in the blanks with the correct phrases from the list.

Max is tall and has a __________ face with a strong jawline.

He usually wears a denim jacket and __________, which gives him a cool, casual look.

I first noticed Max because he really __________ from the crowd with his unique style.

Even though he looks __________, he turned out to be very friendly.

Max has __________ eyes that seem to light up when he talks about something he loves.

He spends a lot of time outdoors, so it’s no surprise that he has a __________.

He has a __________ smile, which makes him look a bit mysterious.

Max doesn’t try hard to look cool, but his style always seems __________.

At first, I thought he might be __________ because of how he looked, but I was wrong.

He may have caught my attention because of his appearance, but it was his personality that made me want to __________.

Exercise 2: Matching

Match the phrases with their correct translations.

To have bright eyes

To wear sneakers

To seem effortless

To have a tan

To have high cheekbones

To be down-to-earth

a) быть в хорошей физической форме

b) носить кроссовки

c) иметь загар

d) иметь высокие скулы

e) казаться непринужденным

f) иметь яркие глаза

Exercise 3: Personal Questions

Answer the following questions based on personal experiences.

How do you usually describe someone’s appearance when you meet them for the first time?

What qualities in a person’s appearance first catch your attention?

Do you think appearance is important when making new friends? Why or why not?

How do you feel about people who seem intimidating at first, but turn out to be friendly?

Do you think it’s possible to judge someone’s personality just by their appearance? Why or why not?

Answer Key

Exercise 1: Fill-in-the-blanks

angular

sneakers

stood out

intimidating

bright

tan

crooked

effortless

intimidating

be friends

Exercise 2: Matching

To have bright eyes — f) иметь яркие глаза

To wear sneakers — b) носить кроссовки

To seem effortless — e) казаться непринужденным

To have a tan — c) иметь загар

To have high cheekbones — d) иметь высокие скулы

To be down-to-earth — a) быть в хорошей физической форме

Example Answers to Personal Questions:

How do you usually describe someone’s appearance when you meet them for the first time?

I usually start by noticing the person’s height, their hair color, and whether they seem casual or dressed up. I also pay attention to their smile and the general impression they give off.

What qualities in a person’s appearance first catch your attention?

I often notice someone’s eyes first. Bright eyes can make a big impression. I also look at their smile and posture, which can tell a lot about a person’s personality.

Do you think appearance is important when making new friends? Why or why not?

Appearance can be important at first because it’s the first thing people notice, but it’s definitely not the most important. True friendships are built on shared interests, trust, and respect, not just looks.

How do you feel about people who seem intimidating at first, but turn out to be friendly?

I think it’s really interesting because sometimes people can look intimidating due to their appearance, but once you get to know them, you realize they are completely different. It’s a good reminder not to judge people based on first impressions.

Do you think it’s possible to judge someone’s personality just by their appearance? Why or why not?

I don’t think it’s possible to judge someone’s personality by their appearance alone. A person might look serious or distant, but that doesn’t mean they are unfriendly. It’s always better to get to know someone before making assumptions.

Describing a Person’s Character

Story

Hi, I’m Artyom, I’m 18, and I want to tell you about my friend, Alex, who’s one of the most interesting people I’ve ever met.

At first glance, Alex might seem a little quiet and serious, but once you get to know him, you realize he’s actually very thoughtful and kind. He’s the type of person who always listens carefully when someone talks, and he’s really good at giving advice, even though he never pushes his opinions on anyone. He’s patient, which is something I really admire. I’ve never seen him lose his temper, no matter how stressful a situation might get.

One thing that stands out about Alex is his loyalty. He always has his friends’ backs, no matter what. If someone needs help, he’s the first to offer it, and he never expects anything in return. He’s the kind of person who values honesty and is always true to his word. If he says he’ll do something, you can count on him to follow through. I think that’s a rare quality nowadays.

However, like everyone, Alex isn’t perfect. Sometimes he can be a bit too reserved, and he doesn’t always share his feelings easily. He prefers to keep his problems to himself, which can make it hard for him to ask for help when he needs it. But even though he’s a bit closed off emotionally, he’s still incredibly supportive and always willing to lend a hand to others.

I think what makes Alex special is his combination of strength and sensitivity. He’s confident but never arrogant, and he knows how to balance his own needs with those of the people around him. He’s the kind of person who makes others feel comfortable, and that’s why so many people trust him.

Useful Phrases and Expressions

To be thoughtful — быть внимательным

To listen carefully — внимательно слушать

To give advice — давать советы

To push opinions on someone — навязывать свои мнения

To be patient — быть терпеливым

To lose one’s temper — терять терпение

To stand out — выделяться

To have someone’s back — поддерживать кого-то

To offer help — предложить помощь

To expect something in return — ожидать чего-то взамен

To value honesty — ценить честность

To be true to one’s word — быть верным своему слову

To follow through — довести дело до конца

To be reserved — быть сдержанным

To keep problems to oneself — держать проблемы при себе

To ask for help — попросить о помощи

To be emotionally closed off — быть закрытым эмоционально

To lend a hand — протянуть руку помощи

To balance one’s needs — сбалансировать свои потребности

To make others feel comfortable — заставлять других чувствовать себя комфортно

To trust someone — доверять кому-то

To be confident — быть уверенным

To be arrogant — быть высокомерным

To be sensitive — быть чувствительным

To have a rare quality — иметь редкое качество

Vocabulary Practice Exercises

Exercise 1: Fill-in-the-blanks

Fill in the blanks with the correct phrases from the list.

Alex is the kind of person who always listens __________ when someone talks.

He’s __________, and even in stressful situations, he remains calm and never loses his temper.

He’s always willing to __________ if someone needs assistance.

One of Alex’s best qualities is his __________ — he always supports his friends without expecting anything in return.

He is __________ and doesn’t always share his problems with others, even when he’s upset.

Alex values __________ and always keeps his promises.

He’s __________, but he knows how to make others feel at ease.

It’s difficult for Alex to __________, but he’s still always there when his friends need him.

Alex’s ability to balance his own needs and the needs of others is something that makes him really __________.

Unlike many people, Alex doesn’t __________ his opinions on anyone; he respects other people’s views.

Exercise 2: Matching

Match the phrases with their correct translations.

To be thoughtful

To give advice

To offer help

To be patient

To be emotionally closed off

To make others feel comfortable

a) быть сдержанным эмоционально

b) быть терпеливым

c) предлагать помощь

d) быть внимательным

e) давать советы

f) заставлять других чувствовать себя комфортно

Exercise 3: Personal Questions

Answer the following questions based on personal experiences.

How would you describe your closest friend’s character?

What qualities do you think are most important in a friend?

Have you ever had a situation where you helped a friend without expecting anything in return? How did that make you feel?

Do you think it’s easy or hard for people to ask for help when they need it? Why?

How do you balance your own needs with the needs of others?

Answer Key

Exercise 1: Fill-in-the-blanks

carefully

patient

offer help

loyalty

reserved

honesty

confident

ask for help

admirable

push

Exercise 2: Matching

To be thoughtful — d) быть внимательным

To give advice — e) давать советы

To offer help — c) предлагать помощь

To be patient — b) быть терпеливым

To be emotionally closed off — a) быть сдержанным эмоционально

To make others feel comfortable — f) заставлять других чувствовать себя комфортно

Example Answers to Personal Questions:

How would you describe your closest friend’s character?

My closest friend is very empathetic and supportive. She always listens carefully when I’m talking, and she’s one of the most reliable people I know. She’s also very patient and doesn’t get frustrated easily, even when things are tough.

What qualities do you think are most important in a friend?

Loyalty, honesty, and a sense of humor are probably the most important qualities. A good friend should be someone who will stick by you no matter what, be truthful, and know how to make you laugh when you need it the most.

Have you ever had a situation where you helped a friend without expecting anything in return? How did that make you feel?

Yes, I once helped a friend move into her new apartment. She was feeling stressed about it, and I just wanted to make things easier for her. It felt great because she was really appreciative, and it made me feel good to know that I was able to help her when she needed it.

Do you think it’s easy or hard for people to ask for help when they need it? Why?

I think it can be hard for some people, especially if they don’t want to feel like they’re burdening others. Some people might also feel like they should handle everything on their own, which can make it difficult to ask for help.

How do you balance your own needs with the needs of others?

I try to make sure that I’m not neglecting my own needs while helping others. It’s important to listen to myself and set boundaries, but also to be there for friends when they need me. It’s all about finding a balance between being supportive and taking care of myself.