Бесплатный фрагмент - Грамматика и лексика английского языка для среднего уровня

Предисловие

Этот учебник английского языка предназначен для учеников средней школы на уровне A2–B1 и направлен на развитие ключевых языковых навыков: чтения, лексики, грамматики, а также умения строить связные письменные и устные высказывания.

Учебник построен с учётом современных методик обучения иностранным языкам. Каждая глава сочетает в себе:

тщательно подобранный словарный материал (ключевые слова, фразовые глаголы, устойчивые выражения);

интересный и реалистичный текст для чтения;

грамматические темы с наглядными объяснениями и практическими упражнениями;

задания на проверку понимания текста, расширение словарного запаса и закрепление грамматических структур.

Особое внимание уделено повторению и закреплению материала: ключевые слова и выражения многократно встречаются в текстах и упражнениях, что способствует их автоматизации и лучшему запоминанию. Грамматические структуры представлены в естественном контексте, а упражнения разнообразны и развивают не только знание правил, но и умение применять их на практике.

Учебник подходит как для самостоятельного изучения, так и для работы в классе под руководством преподавателя. Рекомендуется проходить главы последовательно, выполнять упражнения и сверять ответы по ключам. Чтение текстов и выполнение заданий способствует формированию уверенности в языке и развитию критического мышления.

Цель учебника — предоставить учащимся инструмент, который делает изучение английского языка увлекательным, осмысленным и продуктивным, а также помогает постепенно достичь уверенного владения языком.

New Beginnings

Word Power

1. get up

Значение: вставать (с кровати)

I usually get up at 7 a.m.

Я обычно встаю в 7 утра.

She gets up early on weekdays.

Она встаёт рано по будням.

2. be responsible for

Значение: быть ответственным за что-то

I am responsible for my homework.

Я отвечаю за свою домашнюю работу.

He is responsible for cleaning his room.

Он отвечает за уборку своей комнаты.

3. on time

Значение: вовремя

We arrive at school on time.

Мы приходим в школу вовремя.

She finishes her project on time.

Она заканчивает свой проект вовремя.

4. take part in

Значение: принимать участие в

I take part in school events.

Я принимаю участие в школьных мероприятиях.

Many students take part in sports competitions.

Многие ученики участвуют в спортивных соревнованиях.

Grammar Focus

Present Simple (Настоящее простое время)

Когда используется:

для регулярных действий;

для привычек;

для фактов и расписаний.

Формула:

I/You/We/They + verb

He/She/It + verb + -s

Отрицание:

do not (don’t) + verb

does not (doesn’t) + verb

Вопрос:

Do/Does + subject + verb?

Примеры:

I get up at 7 every day.

Я встаю в 7 каждый день.

She takes part in school clubs.

Она участвует в школьных кружках.

We don’t arrive late.

Мы не приходим поздно.

Does he finish his homework in the evening?

Он заканчивает домашнюю работу вечером?

Mini Practice

She ______ (get) up at 6:30.

We ______ (not / arrive) late.

______ you ______ (take) part in clubs?

Tom ______ (do) his homework after school.

Reading Text

Starting a new school year always feels exciting. I usually get up at 7 a.m., but on the first day I get up at 6:30 because I want to arrive on time. I don’t like being late. When I arrive on time, I feel calm and ready to learn.

Every morning, I have breakfast with my family and then I walk to school. I am responsible for packing my school bag. I check my books and notebooks carefully. My sister sometimes forgets her homework, but I always remember mine because I am responsible for my tasks.

At school, I take part in different activities. I take part in the school football team and the art club. Taking part in activities helps me make friends and feel confident. This year, I am also responsible for organizing class materials. I make sure everything is ready and students can find what they need.

My daily routine is simple, but it helps me stay organized. I get up early, arrive on time, and take part in school life. These habits help me enjoy every new beginning.

Check Your Understanding

What time does the writer usually get up?

Why does the writer get up earlier on the first day?

Why does the writer feel calm at school?

Why does taking part in activities help the writer?

Do you think daily routines are important? Why or why not?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

«On time» means:

a) very early

b) at the correct time

c) late

«Be responsible for» means:

a) have a duty to do something

b) forget something

c) dislike something

«Take part in» means:

a) watch

b) join

c) leave

«Get up» means:

a) go to bed

b) stand or rise from bed

c) sit down

Exercise 2 — Matching

Match the words with their translations:

get up

on time

take part in

be responsible for

a) быть ответственным за

b) вовремя

c) вставать

d) принимать участие в

Answer Key

Grammar Focus — Mini Practice

She gets up at 6:30.

We do not (don’t) arrive late.

Do you take part in clubs?

Tom does his homework after school.

Check Your Understanding — Suggested Answers

The writer usually gets up at 7 a.m.

The writer gets up earlier because he/she wants to arrive on time.

The writer feels calm because he/she arrives on time.

Taking part in activities helps the writer make friends and feel confident.

Students’ own answers. (Possible answer: Yes, they are important because they help us stay organized.)

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1

1 — b

2 — a

3 — b

4 — b

Exercise 2

1 — c

2 — b

3 — d

4 — a

My Circle

Word Power

1. get along with

Значение: ладить с кем-то

I get along with my classmates.

Я лажу со своими одноклассниками.

She doesn’t get along with her brother.

Она не ладит со своим братом.

2. have a lot in common

Значение: иметь много общего

We have a lot in common, like music and sports.

У нас много общего, например музыка и спорт.

They have a lot in common, so they are good friends.

У них много общего, поэтому они хорошие друзья.

3. be interested in

Значение: интересоваться чем-то

I am interested in photography.

Я интересуюсь фотографией.

He is interested in science and technology.

Он интересуется наукой и технологиями.

4. reliable

Значение: надёжный

Anna is very reliable.

Анна очень надёжная.

You can trust him because he is reliable.

Ты можешь доверять ему, потому что он надёжный.

Grammar Focus

Adverbs of Frequency (Наречия частоты)

Использование:

Наречия частоты показывают, как часто происходит действие.

Основные наречия:

always — всегда

usually — обычно

often — часто

sometimes — иногда

never — никогда

Позиция в предложении:

перед основным глаголом:

I usually get along with my classmates.

после глагола to be:

She is always reliable.

Примеры:

I often spend time with my friends.

Я часто провожу время с друзьями.

She is always helpful.

Она всегда отзывчивая.

We sometimes argue, but we always get along again.

Мы иногда спорим, но всегда снова миримся.

He never forgets his friends’ birthdays.

Он никогда не забывает дни рождения друзей.

Mini Practice

I ______ (always / be) honest with my friends.

She ______ (often / help) her classmates.

We ______ (sometimes / argue) about small things.

He ______ (never / be) late for meetings.

Reading Text

My circle of friends is small, but very important to me. I usually spend time with three close friends from my class. We often get along with each other because we have a lot in common. We like the same music and we are interested in sports.

My best friend Alex is very reliable. He is always ready to help. He never breaks his promises, and he is always honest. I am interested in art, and he is interested in design, so we have a lot in common. We sometimes disagree, but we usually solve our problems quickly.

Maria is different. She is very active and often organizes our meetings. She is always positive and sometimes tells funny stories. We get along with her easily because she respects everyone’s opinion.

We usually meet after school. We sometimes do homework together, but we often just talk and laugh. I think it is important to have friends you get along with and people who are reliable. Good friends always support each other.

Check Your Understanding

How many close friends does the writer have?

What are Alex and the writer interested in?

Why do the friends get along with each other?

Why is Alex described as reliable?

Do you prefer a small or large circle of friends? Why?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

«Reliable» means:

a) funny

b) honest and trustworthy

c) lazy

«Have a lot in common» means:

a) share similar interests

b) argue a lot

c) study together

«Get along with» means:

a) fight with

b) avoid

c) have a good relationship

«Be interested in» means:

a) dislike

b) want to know more about

c) forget

Exercise 2 — Matching

reliable

get along with

have a lot in common

be interested in

a) интересоваться

b) иметь много общего

c) ладить с

d) надёжный

Answer Key

Grammar Focus — Mini Practice

I am always honest with my friends.

She often helps her classmates.

We sometimes argue about small things.

He is never late for meetings.

Check Your Understanding — Suggested Answers

The writer has three close friends.

The writer is interested in art, and Alex is interested in design.

They get along because they have a lot in common and respect each other.

Alex is reliable because he always helps and never breaks promises.

Students’ own answers. (Example: I prefer a small circle because it is easier to trust people.)

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1

1 — b

2 — a

3 — c

4 — b

Exercise 2

1 — d

2 — c

3 — b

4 — a

Life at School

Word Power

1. hand in

Значение: сдавать (работу, задание)

I am handing in my project today.

Я сегодня сдаю свой проект.

She is handing in her homework now.

Она сейчас сдаёт домашнюю работу.

2. pay attention

Значение: обращать внимание

We are paying attention to the teacher.

Мы внимательно слушаем учителя.

He isn’t paying attention in class.

Он не обращает внимания на уроке.

3. work on

Значение: работать над чем-то

I am working on a science project.

Я работаю над научным проектом.

They are working on a group task.

Они работают над групповым заданием.

4. take notes

Значение: делать записи

She is taking notes during the lesson.

Она делает записи во время урока.

We are taking notes about the new topic.

Мы делаем записи по новой теме.

Grammar Focus

Present Continuous (Настоящее длительное время)

Когда используется:

для действий, которые происходят сейчас;

для временных ситуаций;

для запланированных действий в ближайшем будущем.

Формула:

am / is / are + verb + -ing

Отрицание:

am not / is not / are not + verb + -ing

Вопрос:

Am/Is/Are + subject + verb + -ing?

Примеры:

I am working on my project now.

Я сейчас работаю над проектом.

She is taking notes.

Она делает записи.

We are not talking during the lesson.

Мы не разговариваем во время урока.

Are they paying attention?

Они внимательно слушают?

Mini Practice

I ______ (work) on my homework right now.

She ______ (not / listen) to the teacher.

______ they ______ (take) notes?

We ______ (prepare) for a test this week.

Reading Text (185 words)

School life is busy, and something interesting is always happening. Right now, I am sitting in my English class. Our teacher is explaining a new grammar topic, and we are taking notes carefully. Some students are asking questions, and everyone is paying attention.

This week, we are working on a group project about the environment. My team is preparing a presentation, and I am creating slides. Two of my classmates are collecting information, and one student is designing a poster. We are all working hard because we are handing in the project on Friday.

In the science lab, students are doing experiments. They are wearing special glasses and writing down results. In the art room, some students are painting, and others are working on creative designs.

Life at school is not boring. Teachers are helping us learn new things, and we are developing new skills. Every day, we are learning, improving, and growing. Right now, I am thinking about my future and how school is preparing me for it.

Check Your Understanding

What class is the writer sitting in?

When are the students handing in the project?

Why are the students working hard on the project?

Why is school not boring for the writer?

What are you doing in your English classes these days?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

«Hand in» means:

a) receive

b) submit

c) lose

«Pay attention» means:

a) listen carefully

b) ignore

c) sleep

«Work on» means:

a) finish

b) start

c) spend time doing

«Take notes» means:

a) draw pictures

b) write important information

c) speak loudly

Exercise 2 — Matching

hand in

pay attention

work on

take notes

a) работать над

b) сдавать

c) делать записи

d) обращать внимание

Answer Key

Grammar Focus — Mini Practice

I am working on my homework right now.

She is not (isn’t) listening to the teacher.

Are they taking notes?

We are preparing for a test this week.

Check Your Understanding — Suggested Answers

The writer is sitting in an English class.

They are handing in the project on Friday.

They are working hard because the project is important and they want to do well.

School is not boring because students are learning new things and doing different activities.

Students’ own answers. (Example: We are reading texts and practicing grammar.)

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1

1 — b

2 — a

3 — c

4 — b

Exercise 2

1 — b

2 — d

3 — a

4 — c

Free Time Fun

Word Power

1. hang out

Значение: проводить время (в компании)

I like to hang out with my friends after school.

Мне нравится проводить время с друзьями после школы.

We often hang out at the park.

Мы часто проводим время в парке.

2. be into

Значение: увлекаться чем-то

I am into photography.

Я увлекаюсь фотографией.

She is really into Korean music.

Она очень увлекается корейской музыкой.

3. spend time

Значение: проводить время

I enjoy spending time with my family.

Мне нравится проводить время с семьёй.

He spends time practicing the guitar.

Он проводит время, тренируясь играть на гитаре.

4. try out

Значение: пробовать что-то новое

I want to try out a new sport.

Я хочу попробовать новый вид спорта.

She is trying out for the school team.

Она пробуется в школьную команду.

Grammar Focus

Like / Love / Enjoy + -ing

После глаголов like, love, enjoy используется глагол с окончанием -ing.

Формула:

like + verb + -ing

love + verb + -ing

enjoy + verb + -ing

Примеры:

I like watching movies.

Мне нравится смотреть фильмы.

She loves playing volleyball.

Она любит играть в волейбол.

We enjoy spending time together.

Нам нравится проводить время вместе.

He doesn’t like getting up early on weekends.

Ему не нравится вставать рано по выходным.

Mini Practice

I enjoy ______ (read) adventure stories.

She likes ______ (hang out) with friends.

We love ______ (play) board games.

He doesn’t like ______ (do) homework on Sundays.

Reading Text

Free time is very important to me because I like relaxing and doing things I enjoy. After school, I often hang out with my friends. We like talking about music and watching funny videos. I enjoy spending time with people who make me laugh.

I am really into basketball, so I love playing it in the evening. My best friend enjoys watching games, but I prefer playing. We both like being active. On weekends, we sometimes try out new activities. Last month, we tried out skateboarding. It was difficult at first, but we enjoyed learning something new.

My sister is into art. She loves drawing and enjoys creating digital designs. I sometimes join her because I like trying creative activities too. We enjoy listening to music while we are working.

Free time helps me relax and feel happy. I like spending time with friends, I love playing sports, and I enjoy trying new things. Doing activities I like makes my life more interesting and exciting.

Check Your Understanding

What sport is the writer into?

What new activity did the writer try out last month?

Why is free time important for the writer?

Why does the writer enjoy spending time with friends?

What activities do you like doing in your free time?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

«Hang out» means:

a) study

b) spend time together

c) travel

«Be into» means:

a) dislike

b) forget

c) be interested in

«Try out» means:

a) test or try something new

b) stop

c) win

«Spend time» means:

a) waste time

b) use time doing something

c) save time

Exercise 2 — Matching

hang out

be into

try out

spend time

a) проводить время

b) пробовать

c) увлекаться

d) проводить время (в компании)

Answer Key

Grammar Focus — Mini Practice

reading

hanging out

playing

doing

Check Your Understanding — Suggested Answers

The writer is into basketball.

The writer tried out skateboarding.

Free time is important because it helps the writer relax and feel happy.

The writer enjoys spending time with friends because they make him/her laugh.

Students’ own answers. (Example: I like playing video games and listening to music.)

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1

1 — b

2 — c

3 — a

4 — b

Exercise 2

1 — d

2 — c

3 — b

4 — a

A Busy Week

Word Power

1. deal with

Значение: справляться с, решать (проблему)

I deal with my homework after dinner.

Я справляюсь с домашним заданием после ужина.

She is dealing with a difficult task right now.

Она сейчас разбирается со сложным заданием.

2. run out of

Значение: заканчиваться (о времени, деньгах, вещах)

We run out of time before the lesson ends.

У нас заканчивается время до конца урока.

I am running out of paper at the moment.

У меня сейчас заканчивается бумага.

3. keep up with

Значение: успевать за, не отставать

I try to keep up with my classmates.

Я стараюсь не отставать от одноклассников.

She is keeping up with her studies this term.

В этом семестре она успевает по учёбе.

4. be under pressure

Значение: быть под давлением

I am under pressure before exams.

Я под давлением перед экзаменами.

He feels under pressure this week.

Он чувствует давление на этой неделе.

Grammar Focus

Present Simple vs Present Continuous

Present Simple используется для:

регулярных действий;

привычек;

фактов.

Present Continuous используется для:

действий, происходящих сейчас;

временных ситуаций;

запланированных действий.

Сравните:

I do my homework every evening.

Я делаю домашнюю работу каждый вечер.

I am doing my homework right now.

Я сейчас делаю домашнюю работу.

She feels under pressure before exams.

Она чувствует давление перед экзаменами.

She is preparing for a big test this week.

На этой неделе она готовится к важному тесту.

Mini Practice

I usually ______ (finish) my homework at 8 p.m.

I ______ (study) for a test right now.

She often ______ (feel) under pressure before exams.

They ______ (work) on a group project this week.

Reading Text

This week is especially busy for me. I usually wake up at 7 a.m. and follow my normal routine, but this week I am waking up earlier because I have many responsibilities. I always try to keep up with my homework, but right now I am working on three different projects.

On Mondays, I have basketball practice. I usually enjoy it, but this week I am feeling tired because I am not sleeping enough. We often have short breaks during practice, but yesterday we didn’t have time because we were preparing for a competition.

At school, I sometimes feel stressed before tests. I often feel under pressure, especially in math class. This week, I am preparing for two important exams, so I am studying every evening. I don’t usually run out of time, but today I am running out of time because I have extra tasks.

Even when life is busy, I try to stay organized. I usually plan my week carefully, but this week I am dealing with unexpected problems. It is difficult, but I am learning how to deal with challenges and not give up.

Check Your Understanding

Why is this week busy for the writer?

What sport does the writer practice on Mondays?

Why is the writer feeling tired this week?

Why is the writer running out of time today?

How do you deal with busy weeks?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

«Deal with» means:

a) ignore

b) manage or handle

c) create

«Run out of» means:

a) have more

b) lose

c) have no more left

«Keep up with» means:

a) follow at the same level

b) stop

c) win

«Be under pressure» means:

a) feel relaxed

b) feel stressed

c) feel excited

Exercise 2 — Matching

deal with

run out of

keep up with

be under pressure

a) быть под давлением

b) справляться с

c) не отставать

d) заканчиваться

Answer Key

Grammar Focus — Mini Practice

finish

am studying

feels

are working

Check Your Understanding — Suggested Answers

The week is busy because the writer has many projects and exams.

The writer practices basketball on Mondays.

The writer is feeling tired because he/she is not sleeping enough.

The writer is running out of time because of extra tasks.

Students’ own answers. (Example: I make a plan and try to stay calm.)

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1

1 — b

2 — c

3 — a

4 — b

Exercise 2

1 — b

2 — d

3 — c

4 — a

A Day to Remember

Word Power

1. take place

Значение: происходить, состояться

The competition took place last Friday.

Соревнование состоялось в прошлую пятницу.

The event takes place every year.

Это событие происходит каждый год.

2. feel proud of

Значение: гордиться чем-то / кем-то

I felt proud of my team.

Я гордился своей командой.

She feels proud of her achievements.

Она гордится своими достижениями.

3. make a mistake

Значение: совершить ошибку

I made a mistake in the test.

Я сделал ошибку в тесте.

He makes mistakes sometimes.

Он иногда совершает ошибки.

4. give up

Значение: сдаваться

We didn’t give up during the game.

Мы не сдались во время игры.

She wanted to give up, but she continued.

Она хотела сдаться, но продолжила.

Grammar Focus

Past Simple (Regular & Irregular Verbs)

Использование:

для действий, которые произошли в прошлом и закончились;

часто используется с: yesterday, last week, ago, in 2024 и т. д.

Формула:

Verb + -ed (для правильных глаголов)

2-я форма глагола (для неправильных)

Отрицание:

did not (didn’t) + verb

Вопрос:

Did + subject + verb?

Примеры:

We played very well.

Мы играли очень хорошо.

She won the competition.

Она выиграла соревнование.

I didn’t give up.

Я не сдался.

Did you make a mistake?

Ты сделал ошибку?

Mini Practice

We ______ (visit) the museum last week.

She ______ (win) the prize yesterday.

They ______ (not / give up) during the match.

______ you ______ (feel) nervous before the event?

Reading Text

On the day of the competition, I arrived early and prepared my materials. Many students presented interesting ideas. When it was my turn, I spoke clearly, but I made a mistake in the middle of my presentation. For a moment, I wanted to give up, but I took a deep breath and continued.

After I finished, the judges asked questions. I answered them confidently. At the end of the day, the teachers announced the results. My team won first prize! I couldn’t believe it. I felt proud of our hard work and teamwork.

The competition took place only one day, but it changed my attitude. I learned that everyone makes mistakes, but you shouldn’t give up. That day was stressful, exciting, and unforgettable. It was truly a day to remember.

Check Your Understanding

What event took place at the school?

What prize did the writer’s team win?

Why did the writer want to give up?

Why did the writer feel proud?

Describe a day you remember well. Why was it special?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

«Take place» means:

a) cancel

b) happen

c) move

«Make a mistake» means:

a) do something wrong

b) win

c) explain

«Give up» means:

a) continue

b) stop trying

c) start

«Feel proud of» means:

a) be ashamed of

b) be happy about someone’s success

c) forget

Exercise 2 — Matching

take place

feel proud of

make a mistake

give up

a) совершить ошибку

b) происходить

c) сдаваться

d) гордиться

Answer Key

Grammar Focus — Mini Practice

visited

won

did not (didn’t) give up

Did you feel nervous before the event?

Check Your Understanding — Suggested Answers

A science competition took place at the school.

The writer’s team won first prize.

The writer wanted to give up because he/she made a mistake during the presentation.

The writer felt proud of the team’s hard work and success.

Students’ own answers. (Example: I remember my birthday because my friends surprised me.)

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1

1 — b

2 — a

3 — b

4 — b

Exercise 2

1 — b

2 — d

3 — a

4 — c

When I Was Younger

Word Power

1. play with

Значение: играть с кем-то / чем-то

I used to play with my cousins every weekend.

Я раньше играл с моими двоюродными братьями каждую неделю.

She used to play with dolls when she was little.

Она раньше играла с куклами, когда была маленькой.

2. have fun

Значение: весело проводить время

We used to have fun at summer camp.

Мы раньше весело проводили время в летнем лагере.

I used to have fun riding my bike around the park.

Раньше мне было весело кататься на велосипеде по парку.

3. collect

Значение: собирать, коллекционировать

I used to collect stickers as a child.

Я раньше собирал наклейки в детстве.

She used to collect postcards from different countries.

Она раньше собирала открытки из разных стран.

4. be afraid of

Значение: бояться чего-то

I used to be afraid of the dark.

Я раньше боялся темноты.

He used to be afraid of dogs.

Раньше он боялся собак.

Grammar Focus

Used to (Привычки в прошлом)

Использование:

для действий, которые регулярно происходили в прошлом, но сейчас больше не происходят;

для состояний, которые изменились.

Формула:

affirmative: subject + used to + verb

negative: subject + didn’t use to + verb

question: Did + subject + use to + verb?

Примеры:

I used to play outside every day.

Я раньше каждый день играл на улице.

She didn’t use to like vegetables.

Раньше она не любила овощи.

Did you use to go to summer camp?

Ты раньше ездил в летний лагерь?

Mini Practice

I ______ (play) football every weekend when I was younger.

She ______ (not / be) afraid of spiders.

We ______ (collect) shells at the beach.

______ you ______ (have) fun during holidays?

Reading Text

When I was younger, I had many hobbies. I used to play with my friends in the park every afternoon. We ran, climbed trees, and invented games. We always used to have fun together. Sometimes, I used to be afraid of heights, but I still climbed small trees.

I also used to collect stamps from different countries. My collection was big, and I loved showing it to my parents. My sister didn’t collect stamps, but she used to play with dolls. We had different hobbies, but we sometimes played together.

On weekends, my family used to go to the countryside. I loved exploring nature and having picnics. My parents said I used to ask many questions about animals and plants. I was curious and energetic.

I don’t do all these things now, but I remember them with joy. Thinking about my childhood makes me smile. I learned that trying new things and having fun are very important. Childhood is full of memories, and I used to enjoy every moment of it.

Check Your Understanding

What did the writer use to play with?

What did the writer use to collect?

Why was the writer afraid sometimes?

Where did the family use to go on weekends?

What hobbies do you use to have when you were younger?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

«Play with» means:

a) ignore

b) spend time playing

c) fight

«Have fun» means:

a) enjoy oneself

b) feel bored

c) sleep

«Collect» means:

a) throw away

b) gather as a hobby

c) break

«Be afraid of» means:

a) like something

b) feel fear

c) forget something

Exercise 2 — Matching

play with

have fun

collect

be afraid of

a) весело проводить время

b) бояться

c) играть с

d) собирать

Answer Key

Grammar Focus — Mini Practice

played

didn’t use to be

used to collect

Did you use to have

Check Your Understanding — Suggested Answers

The writer used to play with friends in the park.

The writer used to collect stamps from different countries.

The writer was afraid of heights sometimes.

The family used to go to the countryside on weekends.

Students’ own answers. (Example: I used to draw and read books.)

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1

1 — b

2 — a

3 — b

4 — b

Exercise 2

1 — c

2 — a

3 — d

4 — b

An Unexpected Event

Word Power

1. look out

Значение: остерегаться, быть внимательным

I was looking out of the window when I saw something strange.

Я смотрел в окно, когда увидел что-то странное.

Look out! There is a car coming.

Осторожно! Едет машина.

2. drop

Значение: ронять, уронить

She dropped her phone while running.

Она уронила телефон, когда бежала.

I was dropping my bag when the door opened.

Я уронил сумку, когда открылась дверь.

3. catch

Значение: поймать

I caught the ball during the game.

Я поймал мяч во время игры.

He was catching the falling box.

Он ловил падающую коробку.

4. startle

Значение: испугать, вздрогнуть

The loud noise startled me.

Громкий шум меня испугал.

I was startled when someone knocked on the door.

Я вздрогнул, когда кто-то постучал в дверь.

Grammar Focus

Past Continuous (Прошедшее длительное время)

Использование:

для действий, происходивших в конкретный момент в прошлом;

для фона или описания ситуации;

для действий, которые прерывались другим действием в Past Simple.

Формула:

was / were + verb + -ing

Отрицание:

was not (wasn’t) / were not (weren’t) + verb + -ing

Вопрос:

Was / Were + subject + verb + -ing?

Примеры:

I was reading when the phone rang.

Я читал, когда зазвонил телефон.

They were playing outside all afternoon.

Они играли на улице весь день.

She wasn’t paying attention in class.

Она не обращала внимания на уроке.

Were you watching TV at 8 p.m.?

Ты смотрел телевизор в 8 вечера?

Mini Practice

I ______ (watch) TV when the door opened.

She ______ (not / listen) to the teacher yesterday.

______ they ______ (play) football at 5 p.m.?

We ______ (walk) home when it started raining.

Reading Text

Last Saturday, something surprising happened. I was walking home from school, and the weather was nice. Birds were singing, and people were enjoying the sunny day. I was thinking about my homework when suddenly I heard a loud crash.

I looked around and saw a cat on the street. It was chasing a small ball and didn’t see a cyclist coming. I quickly ran and tried to catch it. The cyclist was stopping, but the cat dropped the ball and ran away. I was startled, but no one was hurt.

At the same time, my friend Max was riding his bike nearby. He saw what happened and laughed. We were talking about the funny event while walking home. Later, we realized that the cat was chasing the ball the whole afternoon.

That unexpected event made me laugh and think about how small moments can be exciting. Even ordinary days can become memorable when something unusual happens. I learned to always look out when walking in the street and to enjoy unexpected moments.

Check Your Understanding

What was the writer doing when the crash happened?

Why was the cat in danger?

What did the writer try to do?

What was Max doing when he saw the event?

Can you remember a time when something unexpected happened to you? Describe it.

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

«Look out» means:

a) be careful

b) sleep

c) watch TV

«Drop» means:

a) fall something

b) lift

c) throw away

«Catch» means:

a) throw

b) grab or stop something falling

c) lose

«Startle» means:

a) scare or surprise

b) calm down

c) laugh

Exercise 2 — Matching

look out

drop

catch

startle

a) испугать

b) ронять

c) быть осторожным

d) поймать

Answer Key

Grammar Focus — Mini Practice

was watching

wasn’t listening

Were they playing

were walking

Check Your Understanding — Suggested Answers

The writer was walking home and thinking about homework.

The cat was in danger because it didn’t see the cyclist coming.

The writer tried to catch the cat.

Max was riding his bike when he saw the event.

Students’ own answers. (Example: I was playing outside when it started raining suddenly.)

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1

1 — a

2 — a

3 — b

4 — a

Exercise 2

1 — c

2 — b

3 — d

4 — a

While It Was Raining

Word Power

1. get soaked

Значение: промокнуть до нитки

I got soaked because I forgot my umbrella.

Я промок до нитки, потому что забыл зонтик.

She was getting soaked while waiting for the bus.

Она промокала, ожидая автобус.

2. slip

Значение: поскользнуться

I slipped on the wet floor.

Я поскользнулся на мокром полу.

He was slipping while running in the rain.

Он поскальзывался, когда бежал под дождём.

3. run for cover

Значение: укрыться от дождя или опасности

We ran for cover when the storm started.

Мы убежали под укрытие, когда началась буря.

The children were running for cover during the heavy rain.

Дети укрывались во время сильного дождя.

4. enjoy

Значение: наслаждаться чем-то

I enjoyed playing in the rain.

Мне понравилось играть под дождём.

She was enjoying the rainy walk.

Ей нравилась прогулка под дождём.

Grammar Focus

Past Simple vs Past Continuous

Past Simple используется для:

завершённых действий в прошлом;

последовательности действий.

Past Continuous используется для:

действий, происходивших в определённый момент;

фона событий;

действий, прерываемых другими действиями.

Сравните:

I was walking home while it was raining.

Я шёл домой, пока шёл дождь.

I got soaked because I forgot my umbrella.

Я промок, потому что забыл зонтик.

The children were running for cover when the thunder started.

Дети укрывались, когда начался гром.

Mini Practice

I ______ (read) a book while it ______ (rain) yesterday.

She ______ (not / notice) the puddle and ______ (slip).

______ you ______ (enjoy) the walk when it started raining?

We ______ (run) for cover when the storm ______ (begin).

Reading Text

Yesterday afternoon, something unusual happened. I was walking home from school while it was raining heavily. The streets were wet, and puddles were everywhere. I was enjoying the sound of the rain at first, but soon I got soaked because I forgot my umbrella.

As I was crossing the street, I slipped on a wet patch of mud. Luckily, no one was hurt. Nearby, some children were running for cover under a big tree. They laughed and shouted, enjoying the unexpected rain.

While I was trying to dry my shoes, I saw a dog jumping in the puddles. It was having fun as much as the kids. I couldn’t help laughing. Then, a car passed and splashed water everywhere, and we all ran for cover again.

By the time I arrived home, I was tired but happy. That rainy afternoon was memorable. It showed me that even small, ordinary events can become exciting when we pay attention and enjoy them.

Check Your Understanding

What was the writer doing when it started raining?

Why did the writer get soaked?

What were the children doing during the rain?

How did the dog react to the rain?

Describe a time when you enjoyed something unexpected.

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

«Get soaked» means:

a) dry off quickly

b) become very wet

c) slip

«Slip» means:

a) fall or slide accidentally

b) run

c) enjoy

«Run for cover» means:

a) stay outside

b) find shelter

c) play

«Enjoy» means:

a) have a good time

b) dislike

c) be careful

Exercise 2 — Matching

get soaked

slip

run for cover

enjoy

a) падать / поскользнуться

b) находить укрытие

c) наслаждаться

d) промокнуть

Answer Key

Grammar Focus — Mini Practice

was reading / was raining

didn’t notice / slipped

Were / enjoying

ran / began

Check Your Understanding — Suggested Answers

The writer was walking home from school.

The writer got soaked because they forgot the umbrella.

The children were running for cover under a tree.

The dog was having fun, jumping in puddles.

Students’ own answers. (Example: I enjoyed the picnic even though it started raining.)

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1

1 — b

2 — a

3 — b

4 — a

Exercise 2

1 — d

2 — a

3 — b

4 — c

My First Achievement

Word Power

1. achieve

Значение: достигать, добиваться

I finally achieved my goal.

Я наконец-то достиг своей цели.

She achieved a lot in school last year.

Она многого добилась в школе в прошлом году.

2. proud

Значение: гордый

I was very proud of myself.

Я был очень горд собой.

She felt proud when she won the competition.

Она почувствовала гордость, когда выиграла конкурс.

3. participate in

Значение: участвовать в чем-то

I participated in a school science fair.

Я участвовал в школьной научной ярмарке.

He participated in a football tournament last month.

Он участвовал в футбольном турнире в прошлом месяце.

4. celebrate

Значение: праздновать

We celebrated my success with cake.

Мы отпраздновали мой успех тортом.

They celebrated their team’s victory.

Они отпраздновали победу своей команды.

Grammar Focus

Sequencers (first, then, after that, finally)

Использование:

для упорядочивания действий и рассказа о последовательности событий.

помогает делать рассказ логичным и понятным.

Примеры:

First, I studied hard for the competition.

Сначала я усердно готовился к конкурсу.

Then, I created my project carefully.

Потом я тщательно сделал свой проект.

After that, I practiced presenting it in front of my friends.

После этого я практиковался в презентации перед друзьями.

Finally, I presented my work and won first prize!

Наконец, я представил свою работу и выиграл первое место!

Mini Practice

Put the sequencers in the correct order:

I practiced my speech in front of my parents. / finally, I presented it at school. / first, I wrote my speech. / then, I made some slides.

First, I bought ingredients. / I cooked the cake. / then, I decorated it. / finally, we ate it.

Reading Text

My first achievement at school was a science project. First, I decided on the topic about plants and how they grow. I wanted to learn new things and create something interesting.

Then, I collected materials and prepared my experiment carefully. I measured, planted seeds, and wrote down everything I observed. I wanted everything to be perfect.

After that, I practiced explaining my project in front of my parents. They gave me tips and encouraged me. I felt nervous but excited.

Finally, the day of the science fair came. I presented my project to the teachers and students. Everyone asked questions, and I answered them confidently. When the results were announced, I achieved first place! I was very proud of myself.

We celebrated my success with a small party at home. That day taught me that careful preparation, practice, and courage can lead to success. It was my first big achievement, and I will always remember it.

Check Your Understanding

What was the writer’s first achievement at school?

What did the writer do after that?

Why was the writer proud?

How did the writer celebrate the success?

Can you describe your first achievement?

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1 — Multiple Choice

«Achieve» means:

a) fail

b) succeed in reaching a goal

c) try

«Proud» means:

a) happy about someone’s success

b) sad

c) tired

«Participate in» means:

a) join an event or activity

b) watch from outside

c) ignore

«Celebrate» means:

a) mark an achievement with happiness

b) forget

c) hide

Exercise 2 — Matching

achieve

proud

participate in

celebrate

a) быть гордым

b) отпраздновать

c) участвовать в

d) достигать

Answer Key

Grammar Focus — Mini Practice

First, I wrote my speech. / Then, I made some slides. / I practiced my speech in front of my parents. / Finally, I presented it at school.

First, I bought ingredients. / I cooked the cake. / Then, I decorated it. / Finally, we ate it.

Check Your Understanding — Suggested Answers

The writer’s first achievement was a science project.

The writer practiced explaining the project in front of parents.

The writer was proud because he/she won first place.

The writer celebrated with a small party at home.

Students’ own answers. (Example: I was proud when I learned to ride a bike.)

Build Your Vocabulary

Exercise 1

1 — b

2 — a

3 — a

4 — a

Exercise 2

1 — d

2 — a

3 — c

4 — b

Have You Ever…?

Word Power

1. have an experience

Значение: иметь опыт чего-либо

I have had an amazing experience visiting London.

У меня был удивительный опыт посещения Лондона.

She has had many experiences learning new languages.

У неё было много опыта в изучении новых языков.

2. try

Значение: пробовать, пытаться

I have tried sushi for the first time.

Я попробовал суши впервые.

Have you tried painting recently?

Ты пробовал рисовать в последнее время?

3. never

Значение: никогда

I have never been to Japan.

Я никогда не был в Японии.

He has never tried skiing.

Он никогда не пробовал кататься на лыжах.

4. already

Значение: уже

I have already finished my homework.

Я уже закончил домашнее задание.

Have you already seen this movie?

Ты уже видел этот фильм?

Grammar Focus

Present Perfect — experience

Используется для:

действий и событий, которые произошли в жизни до настоящего момента;

опыта, а не точного времени;

часто встречаются слова: ever, never, already, yet.

Формула:

affirmative: subject + have/has + past participle

negative: subject + haven’t/hasn’t + past participle

question: Have/Has + subject + past participle?

Примеры:

I have visited Italy.

Я посещал Италию.

She has never tried skydiving.

Она никогда не пробовала прыжки с парашютом.

Have you ever eaten sushi?

Ты когда-нибудь ел суши?

Mini Practice

I ______ (visit) Paris.

She ______ (never / try) snowboarding.

______ you ______ (ever / see) a whale?

We ______ (already / finish) our project.

Reading Text

Have you ever had an amazing experience? I have. Last summer, I went on a trip to the mountains. It was my first time camping. I have never camped before, so I was excited and a little nervous.

I tried setting up the tent by myself, and I have already learned a lot from it. The scenery was beautiful. I have taken many photos of rivers, trees, and mountains. One day, I saw a deer close to our campsite! I have never seen such an animal so near before.

At night, we sat around the campfire. I have learned how important it is to enjoy nature and relax. I have also tried cooking over the fire, which was fun but a little difficult.