Preface
English Vocabulary in Context has been written to help learners expand their vocabulary. This book will aid students in learning useful vocabulary from a wide range of topics relevant to modern life, including climate change, health, entertainment, and travel.
Primarily designed as a self-study reference and practice book, it can also be effectively used by teachers in the classroom with groups of students. The book is aimed at students with at least an intermediate level of English. It consists of 100 units, with each unit starting with a reading passage that sets the target vocabulary in context. These passages are followed by exercises that allow students to practice using the new vocabulary.
A full answer key is provided after each unit, facilitating self-assessment. Additionally, an index is located at the back of the book, listing all the new words and phrases introduced throughout the book.
Unit 1
1. Read the text and try to figure out the meaning of the highlighted words.
If you’re looking for a unique and unforgettable experience, why not try glamping? Glamping is becoming increasingly popular among travellers who want to get off the beaten track and enjoy nature in a luxurious way.
Glamping offers a range of accommodations that are out of the ordinary. From renovated vintage trailers to safari tents, each retreat is uniquely decorated and comes with its own peculiar charm. Imagine waking up in a quaint cabin nestled in the lush woods or enjoying a morning coffee on a terrace overlooking a vibrant valley.
But don’t be fooled by the opulence of glamping. While it may offer lavish amenities like hot tubs and gourmet meals, it’s still a form of camping. You’ll need to be prepared for the outdoors and embrace the ruggedness of nature. However, with glamping, you can still enjoy the comforts of home while being in the thick of something truly special.
Glamping is also a great option for those who want to disconnect from the hustle and bustle of daily life. Without distractions like TV and Wi-Fi, you can fully immerse yourself in your surroundings and appreciate the priceless beauty of nature. Plus, it’s a great way to recharge and rejuvenate with some vigorous outdoor activities like hiking or kayaking.
So if you’re looking for a thriving adventure that’s anything but worn out, consider glamping as your next retreat. It’s an experience that’s sure to leave you feeling refreshed and renewed.
2. Match the words with the definitions.
3. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. We wanted to get away from the _____________________ of the city.
2. Louise enjoys _____________________ because she likes the idea of camping but also wants her home comforts!
3. When he’s playing sports, Mark always likes to be _____________________ the action.
4. Isaac and Mary hosted a ________________ dinner party with hundreds of different dishes.
5. The hikers were looking for _____________________ in the village for the night.
6. Because of the constant rain, the rainforest is very _____________________.
7. The room had a thick _____________________ carpet.
8. I want to get _____________________ while traveling and see things people usually miss.
9. The Palace of Versailles in France is known for its _____________________ and luxury.
10. There was nothing _____________________ about the town; it was very normal.
11. It was _____________________ that she always wore mismatched shoes.
12. The Mona Lisa is a _____________________ piece of art.
13. The _____________________ little village is full of pretty cottages and small shops.
14. The _____________________ houses in my street are much better than those in their original condition.
15. The country house is a nice _____________________ from the hustle and bustle of the city.
16. I grew up in a _____________________, a house in a row of similar ones.
17. The city has a _____________________ music scene with lots of local bands.
18. The area is very _____________________ with lots of people from different places all living together.
19. Even though Granddad is 85, he is very _____________________ and goes for long walks every day.
20. I’ve had these shoes for six years and they’re really _____________________; there are even holes in the soles!
Key
Match the words with the definitions.
Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. We wanted to get away from the hustle and bustle of the city.
2. Louise enjoys glamping because she likes the idea of camping but also wants her home comforts!
3. When he’s playing sports, Mark always likes to be in the thick of the action.
4. Isaac and Mary hosted a lavish dinner party with hundreds of different dishes.
5. The hikers were looking for lodgings in the village for the night.
6. Because of the constant rain, the rainforest is very lush.
7. The room had a thick luxurious carpet.
8. I want to get off the beaten track while travelling and see things people usually miss.
9. The Palace of Versailles in France is known for its opulence and luxury.
10. There was nothing out of the ordinary about the town; it was very normal.
11. It was peculiar that she always wore mismatched shoes.
12. The Mona Lisa is a priceless piece of art.
13. The quaint little village is full of pretty cottages and small shops.
14. The renovated houses in my street are much better than those in their original condition.
15. The country house is a nice retreat from the hustle and bustle of the city.
16. I grew up in a terrace, a house in a row of similar ones.
17. The city has a thriving music scene with lots of local bands.
18. The area is very vibrant with lots of people from different places all living together.
19. Even though Granddad is 85, he is very vigorous and goes for long walks every day.
20. I’ve had these shoes for six years and they’re really worn out; there are even holes in the soles!
Unit 2
1. Read the text and try to figure out the meaning of the highlighted words.
Poverty is a complex issue that can be caused by a variety of factors, including economic, social and political ones. One of the biggest challenges facing impoverished communities is a lack of education. Without education, people in these communities are unable to acquire the skills and knowledge necessary to improve their lives.
Ignorance and prejudice are also major obstacles that must be overcome in order to help impoverished communities. Prejudice and stereotypes can prevent people from seeing the intrinsic value of individuals and their cultures. It is important to latch onto the positive aspects of these communities and to recognize their strengths. Unfortunately, many people take advantage of impoverished communities. They exploit the vulnerable people in these communities for their own gain.
In order to make progress, we must fill the void left by years of neglect and disperse resources among those who need them most. This requires nimble thinking and a willingness to look at things from a crooked angle.
In addition, it’s important to remember that help should be reciprocal. Rather than simply giving handouts, we should work with these communities to create sustainable solutions that empower them to improve their own lives. Efforts to improve the lives of impoverished communities should not be provincial, limited to one area or group. Instead, we should distribute these efforts among different communities and populations, working towards a common quest for equality and justice.
2. Match the words with the definitions.
3. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. Some politicians may pass certain laws _____________________ regardless of how it affects the general population.
2. The pirates all set off on a _____________________ for the secret treasure.
3. The homeless and _____________________ people in the city rely on soup kitchens and community support to survive.
4. The government scheme _____________________ money throughout the community by giving it to social schemes.
5. The creative arts are _____________________ to a good education.
6. The business relationship was _____________________ with both parties benefiting equally.
7. The Supreme Court must ensure _____________________ is served for both the accuser and the accused.
8. To truly understand the complexity of the situation, we must approach it _____________________ and explore all possible perspectives.
9. Unscrupulous employers often _____________________ their employees by paying them less than what they deserve.
10. Some people can _____________________ their friends by asking for unreasonable favors from others.
11. Reconnecting with nature helps to _____________________ created by modern life.
12. Puzzles help to keep the mind _____________________ and mentally agile.
13. I’m not interested in government _____________________ — all I want is a job.
14. People nowadays try to _____________________ onto some sense of spirituality in order to give their lives meaning.
15. The government has implemented several measures to _____________________ businesses from polluting the environment.
16. Most managers try to _____________________ and encourage effective collaboration among their employees.
17. It is essential that we show compassion towards _____________________ populations.
18. It was a small village and many people had _____________________ attitudes that were out of line with current opinion.
19. _____________________ of the law is no excuse in court.
20. His supervisor’s comments helped to clear up any _____________________ that Sam had about what the job involved.
Key
Match the words with the definitions.
Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. Some politicians may pass certain laws for their own gain regardless of how it affects the general population.
2. The pirates all set off on a quest for the secret treasure.
3. The homeless and impoverished people in the city rely on soup kitchens and community support to survive.
4. The government scheme disperses money throughout the community by giving it to social schemes.
5. The creative arts are intrinsic to a good education.
6. The business relationship was reciprocal with both parties benefiting equally.
7. The Supreme Court must ensure justice is served for both the accuser and the accused.
8. To truly understand the complexity of the situation, we must approach it from a crooked angle and explore all possible perspectives.
9. Unscrupulous employers often take advantage of their employees by paying them less than what they deserve.
10. Some people can exploit their friends by asking for unreasonable favours from others.
11. Reconnecting with nature helps to fill the void created by modern life.
12. Puzzles help to keep the mind nimble and mentally agile.
13. I’m not interested in government handouts — all I want is a job.
14. People nowadays try to latch onto some sense of spirituality in order to give their lives meaning.
15. The government has implemented several measures to prevent businesses from polluting the environment.
16. Most managers try to foster and encourage effective collaboration among their employees.
17. It is essential that we show compassion towards vulnerable populations.
18. It was a small village and many people had provincial attitudes that were out of line with current opinion.
19. Ignorance of the law is no excuse in court.
20. His supervisor’s comments helped to clear up any prejudices that Sam had about what the job involved.
Unit 3
1. Read the text and try to figure out the meaning of the highlighted words.
When we travel, we often have to scrutinise the different options available to us. Do we want a direct flight, or are we willing to take a connecting flight? We may choose to splurge on a chartered flight, or opt for a more budget-friendly option with an economy class ticket. And what if our flight is delayed or we experience a bumpy landing? Regardless of our choice, we should always be prepared for any delays or unexpected twists and turns that may come our way.
These are all important considerations that can make or break a trip. Sometimes, we may even venture off the beaten path and head to a far-flung location. This can be exciting, but it also means we may find ourselves in a desolate area without the usual amenities we are used to.
Travelling to dangerous countries may also seem like it flies in the face of reason, but the experience gained can be invaluable. If we keep an open mind and remain undimmed by the challenges we may face, we can discover new and subtle aspects of a culture that we would not have otherwise seen.
Travelling can also be overwhelming at times, especially if we are pressed for time or have a tight schedule. We may feel like we are being whirled around from one place to another without a moment to catch our breath. Throughout the whirl of flights and unexpected delays, it’s important to keep our composure and not fly off the handle. But we must remember that we are sovereign over our own experiences. We can choose to slow down and take things at our own pace, even if it means missing out on some sights or activities.
2. Match the words with the definitions.
3. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. There was only a _____________________ change in the schedule, as Mary chose to make only minor alterations.
2. The region declared itself a _____________________ state, independent from the rest of the country.
3. The _____________________ nine o’clock train to London will arrive at 09:15.
4. The tourist agency organised a _____________________ across the Amazon for the group.
5. The play was so moving that I was _____________________ by emotion.
6. The government’s proposal was thoroughly _____________________ as there were many points that needed further clarification.
7. The dancers _____________________ each other around the dancefloor.
8. Ryan _____________________ and got very angry when he realized that his bag had been stolen.
9. Rita thinks that _____________________ are less stressful because there are no changes till you reach your destination.
10. Rachel had her tickets upgraded from _____________________; the seats were so much nicer!
11. Polly likes traveling to _____________________ on the other side of the world.
12. Our journey from London to Sydney had a _____________________ in Singapore where we had to change aircraft.
13. Karl’s ideas are very controversial and _____________________ everything we thought we knew about economics.
14. It was a smooth flight in general, but there was a bit of a _____________________.
15. I can’t stay; I’m _____________________ already as it is.
16. Even after being a doctor for many years, Helen’s passion for her work is _____________________; she enjoys every moment!
17. _____________________ is cheap but you don’t get a free meal with your ticket.
18. Dartmoor is a _____________________ of Devon with very little population.
19. After arriving at the island, they decided to _____________________ up the volcano.
20. The mystery novel was full of _____________________ that kept me on the edge of my seat until the very last page.
Key
Match the words with the definitions.
Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. There was only a subtle change in the schedule, as Mary chose to make only minor alterations.
2. The region declared itself a sovereign state, independent from the rest of the country.
3. The delayed nine o’clock train to London will arrive at 09:15.
4. The tourist agency organised a chartered flight across the Amazon for the group.
5. The play was so moving that I was overwhelmed by emotion.
6. The government’s proposal was thoroughly scrutinised as there were many points that needed further clarification.
7. The dancers whirled each other around the dancefloor.
8. Ryan flew off the handle and got very angry when he realised that his bag had been stolen.
9. Rita thinks that direct flights are less stressful because there are no changes till you reach your destination.
10. Rachel had her tickets upgraded from economy to business class; the seats were so much nicer!
11. Polly likes travelling to far-flung locations on the other side of the world.
12. Our journey from London to Sydney had a connecting flight in Singapore where we had to change aircraft.
13. Karl’s ideas are very controversial and fly in the face of everything we thought we knew about economics.
14. It was a smooth flight in general, but there was a bit of a bumpy landing.
15. I can’t stay; I’m pressed for time already as it is.
16. Even after being a doctor for many years, Helen’s passion for her work is undimmed; she enjoys every moment!
17. Economy class is cheap but you don’t get a free meal with your ticket.
18. Dartmoor is a desolate area of Devon with very little population.
19. After arriving at the island, they decided to venture up the volcano.
20. The mystery novel was full of twists and turns that kept me on the edge of my seat until the very last page.
Unit 4
1. Read the text and try to figure out the meaning of the highlighted words.
In today’s society, it is important to have a growth mindset in order to flourish and not stagnate. This means being aware of the inherent abilities we possess and nurturing them to traverse new paths.
However, many people are oblivious to their potential due to a dormant mindset. It is easy to get caught up in the daily agitation of life, especially when societal pressures push us to conform to certain standards at the expense of our own happiness. This arid way of thinking can have negative repercussions on our mental health and overall well-being.
To combat this, we must avow to change our mindset and embrace new facets of ourselves. We can do this by soaking in new experiences and perspectives, and abjuring old habits that no longer serve us. At the instigation of a supportive community or mentor, we can learn to abide by our values and beliefs while still growing and evolving. By doing so, we can create a positive ripple effect on those around us and contribute to a more thriving society.
2. Match the words with the definitions.
3. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. Adam has a very determined _____________________; he never gives up once he’s decided to start a task.
2. Competitiveness is an _____________________ element of athletes’ behaviour that drives them to success.
3. Education plays an important role in _____________________ our ability to develop and become better people.
4. Ellen hates flying and always feels a great deal of _____________________ in the air.
5. Jon pointed out that there are so many _____________________ making up a person’s identity that it’s often difficult to categorise people.
6. Martin was _____________________ to the offence he had caused; he had no idea he came across as rude.
7. Opening the new branch of the travel agency was _____________________ of Jeff; he was the person to push it through.
8. Paul went on a hiking trip to Brazil where he _____________________ the Amazon.
9. The lecture on corporate finance was so _____________________ that I struggled to stay awake throughout the session
10. In order to maintain a peaceful society, it is necessary for citizens to _____________________ the laws and regulations put in place by their government.
11. The government is working hard to bring about much-needed _____________________ change by influencing public opinion.
12. The hotel has _____________________ financially as it hasn’t made a profit for many years.
13. The Mayor _____________________ publicly that he knew nothing about the proposed development.
14. The politician _____________________ the scheme proposed by the opposition and renounced all their policies.
15. The seaside town has been _____________________ since the resort opened; tourism has helped the whole community to thrive.
16. The _____________________ volcano has remained inactive for hundreds of years.
17. The _____________________ to the planet arising from mass tourism will cause problems for generations to come.
18. Tom worked extremely hard to get the promotion _____________________ his health.
19. The small changes you make today can have a _____________________ on your future.
20. We _____________________ all the amazing new experiences while we were in Italy.
Key
Match the words with the definitions.
Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. Adam has a very determined mindset; he never gives up once he’s decided to start a task.
2. Competitiveness is an inherent element of athletes’ behaviour that drives them to success.
3. Education plays an important role in nurturing our ability to develop and become better people.
4. Ellen hates flying and always feels a great deal of agitation in the air.
5. Jon pointed out that there are so many facets making up a person’s identity that it’s often difficult to categorise people.
6. Martin was oblivious to the offence he had caused; he had no idea he came across as rude.
7. Opening the new branch of the travel agency was at the instigation of Jeff; he was the person to push it through.
8. Paul went on a hiking trip to Brazil where he traversed the Amazon.
9. The lecture on corporate finance was so arid that I struggled to stay awake throughout the session.
10. In order to maintain a peaceful society, it is necessary for citizens to abide by the laws and regulations put in place by their government.
11. The government is working hard to bring about much-needed societal change by influencing public opinion.
12. The hotel has stagnated financially as it hasn’t made profit for many years.
13. The Mayor avowed publicly that he knew nothing about the proposed development.
14. The politician abjured the scheme proposed by the opposition and renounced all their policies.
15. The seaside town has been flourishing since the resort opened; tourism has helped the whole community to thrive.
16. The dormant volcano has remained inactive for hundreds of years.
17. The repercussions to the planet arising from mass tourism will cause problems for generations to come.
18. Tom worked extremely hard to get the promotion at the expense of his health.
19. The small changes you make today can have a ripple effect on your future.
20. We soaked in all the amazing new experiences while we were in Italy.
Unit 5
1. Read the text and try to figure out the meaning of the highlighted words.
In today’s world, conflicts and disputes are by no means uncommon. They can arise between individuals or even countries. Sometimes they can be resolved peacefully, but other times they can escalate into a brawl.
One major cause of conflict is the decline in resources. When resources become scarce, people may clash with each other to secure them. This can lead to a degeneration of relationships and ultimately deteriorate the situation further.
Another factor that can bring about disputes is a difference in opinions. People may draw their beliefs from different sources and have different perspectives on the same issue. This can cause tension and lead to arguments. However, it is important to bring around a peaceful resolution to any conflict. One way to do this is through communication. By discussing the issue at hand and understanding each other’s point of view, a solution can often be found. It is also important to dwell on the positive aspects of the situation. Instead of focusing on what went wrong, we can bring out the strengths of the parties involved and find common ground.
Finally, we should not depreciate the importance of seeking help from a neutral third party, such as a mediator or board. They can provide an objective perspective and help bring the parties together towards a mutually beneficial outcome.
In conclusion, while conflicts and disputes may arise, it is possible to resolve them peacefully by communicating, focusing on the positive, and seeking help when needed.
2. Match the words with the definitions.
3. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. Working for a charity really _____________________ the best in Ian; he’s grown up so much!
2. The _____________________ decided to approve the new development after everyone on the committee agreed.
3. The weather conditions gradually _____________________ and got worse as the storm raged on.
4. The value of Mark’s property has _____________________ rapidly; it’s only worth a third of what it was before.
5. The _____________________ outside the bar last night resulted in several casualties and a severe police investigation.
6. The staff in the lobby helped to calm tempers in the _____________________ between the two guests.
7. It is not healthy to _____________________ your failures or mistakes for too long as it can lead to feelings of inadequacy and self-doubt.
8. The new regulations _____________________ the desired changes in the office.
9. The collaboration between the two companies was _____________________ for their respective growth and profitability.
10. The claims in the brochure _____________________ with the reality offered by the airline; the seats were no way as good.
11. Reserves of fossil fuels will _____________________ in time and eventually run out.
12. Passengers with small children are asked to _____________________ the plane before everyone else.
13. Norman gave Lewis a small shake to help _____________________ him around after he had fainted.
14. Mary _____________________ the view that multimedia technology may one day replace the written word; she finds it totally unfeasible.
15. Local people work hard to make sure that tourism doesn’t _____________________ with their traditions or go against their values.
16. Karen _____________________ the issue at the meeting so the committee could discuss it.
17. As we grow old, our cells slowly begin to _____________________ and break down.
18. As a painter, William _____________________ his inspiration from nature.
19. _____________________ will I allow you to stay out past your curfew tonight.
20. In order to settle the dispute, both parties must _____________________ and agree upon possible solutions.
Key
Match the words with the definitions.
Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. Working for a charity really brought out the best in Ian; he’s grown up so much!
2. The board decided to approve the new development after everyone on the committee agreed.
3. The weather conditions gradually deteriorated and got worse as the storm raged on.
4. The value of Mark’s property has depreciated rapidly; it’s only worth a third of what it was before.
5. The brawl outside the bar last night resulted in several casualties and a severe police investigation.
6. The staff in the lobby helped to calm tempers in the conflict between the two guests.
7. It is not healthy to dwell on your failures or mistakes for too long as it can lead to feelings of inadequacy and self-doubt.
8. The new regulations brought about the desired changes in the office.
9. The collaboration between the two companies was mutually beneficial for their respective growth and profitability.
10. The claims in the brochure conflicted with the reality offered by the airline; the seats were no way as good.
11. Reserves of fossil fuels will decline in time and eventually run out.
12. Passengers with small children are asked to board the plane before everyone else.
13. Norman gave Lewis a small shake to help bring him around after he had fainted.
14. Mary disputed the view that multimedia technology may one day replace the written word; she finds it totally unfeasible.
15. Local people work hard to make sure that tourism doesn’t clash with their traditions or go against their values.
16. Karen brought up the issue at the meeting so the committee could discuss it.
17. As we grow old, our cells slowly begin to degenerate and break down.
18. As a painter, William draws his inspiration from nature.
19. By no means will I allow you to stay out past your curfew tonight.
20. In order to settle the dispute, both parties must find common ground and agree upon possible solutions.
Unit 6
1. Read the text and try to figure out the meaning of the highlighted words.
Travelling can be an exciting experience for a seasoned traveller. However, it can also be a tedious journey for an unwary traveller. The key to having the time of your life during a trip is to plan ahead and be bold in trying new things.
When planning a trip, it’s important to schedule flights in advance to get the best deals. You don’t want to end up with a raw deal and pay more than necessary. Look for unbeatable prices and compare different options before making a decision.
Once you arrive at your destination, take the time to immerse yourself in the local culture. Try the local cuisine and explore vibrant neighbourhoods. Don’t be afraid to toss around ideas with locals and ask for recommendations. However, it’s also important to be aware of potential dangers. Some areas may be severe or have a prevailing risk of theft. Always keep your belongings close and be mindful of your surroundings.
Travelling sustainably is also crucial to avoid degradation of natural resources. Be mindful of your impact on the environment and try to reduce waste where possible.
Overall, travelling can be a rewarding experience if done right. Take the time to plan ahead, be adventurous, and remunerate yourself with unforgettable memories. Remember, time and tide wait for no man, so make the most of every moment.
2. Match the words with the definitions.
3. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. You should follow your dreams because _____________________.
2. The _____________________ increase in tourism remained continuous and didn’t show any signs of stopping.
3. The _____________________ from Bristol to Athens is at five o’clock every Tuesday.
4. The _____________________ medical opinion is that good diet and regular exercise are the best ways to stay healthy.
5. The strong turbulence _____________________ the plane around violently like a small toy.
6. The kids were having _____________________ in the water park.
7. The hostel provides a comfortable place for the _____________________ to rest and recuperate.
8. The family spent a long _____________________ travelling to London through heavy traffic.
9. The city has many dangers for the _____________________.
10. Thailand is known for its _____________________ and tasty cuisine.
11. Staff on the project were _____________________ with a large salary and performance-related bonuses.
12. Paul is a _____________________ and has been all over the world.
13. Jane got a _____________________ because her room was much smaller than everyone else’s.
14. It was the most _____________________ storm in years; thousands of houses were destroyed by the wind.
15. I got an _____________________ on flights; I can’t believe how cheap they were!
16. I’m trying to be more _____________________ with my cooking.
17. She was blown away by the exquisite _____________________ at the Michelin-starred restaurant.
18. Asian food is famous for its _____________________ flavors and use of spices.
19. Air pollution has led to _____________________ and harm to the local ecosystem.
20. Air pollution from factories is _____________________ to the environment and harmful to people and animals.
Key
Match the words with the definitions.
Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. You should follow your dreams because time and tide wait for no man.
2. The sustained increase in tourism remained continuous and didn’t show any signs of stopping.
3. The scheduled flight from Bristol to Athens is at five o’clock every Tuesday.
4. The prevailing medical opinion is that good diet and regular exercise are the best ways to stay healthy.
5. The strong turbulence tossed the plane around violently like a small toy.
6. The kids were having the time of their lives in the water park.
7. The hostel provides a comfortable place for the weary traveller to rest and recuperate.
8. The family spent a long tedious journey travelling to London through heavy traffic.
9. The city has many dangers for the unwary traveller.
10. Thailand is known for its vibrant and tasty cuisine.
11. Staff on the project were remunerated with a large salary and performance-related bonuses.
12. Paul is a seasoned traveller and has been all over the world.
13. Jane got a raw deal because her room was much smaller than everyone else’s.
14. It was the most severe storm in years; thousands of houses were destroyed by the wind.
15. I got an unbeatable price on flights; I can’t believe how cheap they were!
16. I’m trying to be more adventurous with my cooking.
17. She was blown away by the exquisite cuisine at the Michelin-starred restaurant.
18. Asian food is famous for its bold flavours and use of spices.
19. Air pollution has led to environmental degradation and harm to the local ecosystem.
20. Air pollution from factories is detrimental to the environment and harmful to people and animals.
Unit 7
1. Read the text and try to figure out the meaning of the highlighted words.
In anticipation of the upcoming holiday season, many people are starting to think about how they will celebrate. Some may choose to eschew extravagant parties and instead opt for a more low-key gathering with friends and family. Others may decide to go all out and plan an ostentatious event, complete with decorations and a fancy menu.
However, it’s important to consider the impact that these choices may have on our finances. An immoderate spending spree can lead to financial hardship and even the forfeiture of assets like our homes or cars. It’s important to avoid being improvident and plan ahead by setting a budget and sticking to it.
One way to save money is to host a potluck-style meal where everyone brings a dish to share. This not only saves money but also allows everyone to contribute and feel included in the celebration. Another option is to meander through local markets and shops to find unique and affordable gifts rather than splurging on expensive presents.
If you’re considering buying a new home or making a big purchase, it’s important to penetrate the market and do your research to ensure you’re getting the best deal. Don’t be afraid to negotiate with sellers to get the price you want.
Finally, remember to polish your plans and make sure everything is in order before the big day. This includes arranging transportation, preparing the food, raking leaves from gardens and decorating the space. By doing so, you’ll pave the way for a successful and enjoyable celebration. In conjunction with these tips, it’s important to remember to enjoy the holiday season and not get too caught up in the stress of planning. Take time to relax and appreciate the company of loved ones, and don’t forget to pluck some moments of joy from the chaos of the season.
2. Match the words with the definitions.
3. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. Victor had shown himself to be _____________________ and reckless by not investing in a pension for the future.
2. The tour was organised _____________________ the tourist board who helped promote it to visitors.
3. After saving up for months, Sarah decided to _____________________ a luxurious spa weekend to pamper herself and unwind from the stresses of work.
4. The new law _____________________ changes in the way goods are sold.
5. The luxury suite at the hotel was _____________________ and tacky; Janet didn’t like the décor at all.
6. As he _____________________ through the crowded city streets, the sights and sounds overwhelmed him with their sheer intensity.
7. The company has finally _____________________ the Asian market and started selling its goods in the region.
8. Ted spent a few hours _____________________ his work in order to make it absolutely perfect.
9. Sandra reached out and _____________________ a flower from the ground.
10. Recycling has positively _____________________ on the environment by reducing waste.
11. Nick finds _____________________ behaviour vulgar and excessive; people don’t need to take things to extremes.
12. Naomi took out a _____________________ in order to have enough money to buy the house she wanted.
13. Mary is a very _____________________ woman who spends far more money than is necessary.
14. Jessie smiled _____________________ her holiday to Spain; she’s so excited!
15. Instead of throwing a big birthday party, John opted for a _____________________ celebration with just a few close friends.
16. In the autumn, Jane always _____________________ the leaves to clear the path in her front garden.
17. In order to avoid arguments, Mike made sure to _____________________ politics during conversations with friends.
18. My friend went on a _____________________ and purchased a luxury sports car, designer clothes, and expensive jewelry, all in one weekend.
19. The neighborhood association is organizing a _____________________ for all the residents in the community park.
20. Barry’s property was facing _____________________ and repossession as he hadn’t paid his mortgage for months.
Key
Match the words with the definitions.
Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. Victor had shown himself to be improvident and reckless by not investing in a pension for the future.
2. The tour was organised in conjunction with the tourist board who helped promote it to visitors.
3. After saving up for months, Sarah decided to splurge on a luxurious spa weekend to pamper herself and unwind from the stresses of work.
4. The new law paved the way for changes in the way goods are sold.
5. The luxury suite at the hotel was ostentatious and tacky; Janet didn’t like the décor at all.
6. As he meandered through the crowded city streets, the sights and sounds overwhelmed him with their sheer intensity.
7. The company has finally penetrated the Asian market and started selling its goods in the region.
8. Ted spent a few hours polishing his work in order to make it absolutely perfect.
9. Sandra reached out and plucked a flower from the ground.
10. Recycling has positively impacted on the environment by reducing waste.
11. Nick finds immoderate behaviour vulgar and excessive; people don’t need to take things to extremes.
12. Naomi took out a mortgage in order to have enough money to buy the house she wanted.
13. Mary is a very extravagant woman who spends far more money than is necessary.
14. Jessie smiled in anticipation of her holiday to Spain; she’s so excited!
15. Instead of throwing a big birthday party, John opted for a low-key celebration with just a few close friends.
16. In the autumn, Jane always rakes the leaves to clear the path in her front garden.
17. In order to avoid arguments, Mike made sure to eschew politics during conversations with friends.
18. My friend went on a spending spree and purchased a luxury sports car, designer clothes, and expensive jewelry, all in one weekend.
19. The neighborhood association is organizing a potluck-style meal for all the residents in the community park.
20. Barry’s property was facing forfeiture and repossession as he hadn’t paid his mortgage for months.
Unit 8
1. Read the text and try to figure out the meaning of the highlighted words.
Creating a positive work environment is essential for any business to thrive. It’s important to cultivate an atmosphere that is conducive to productivity and collaboration, where employees feel comfortable expressing their aspirations and ideas. A diverse array of employees with different backgrounds and experiences can bring fresh perspectives and reasoning to the table.
One way to promote a positive work environment is to delegate tasks to different members to blend their strengths and achieve the best possible outcome. This not only helps alleviate workload but also shows trust and confidence in their abilities.
Communication can also play a significant role in creating a positive work environment. It’s not just about verbal communication, but also non-verbal cues such as body language. It’s important to decipher these cues correctly, as they can often convey more than words themselves. Simple gestures like smiling or nodding can go a long way in making someone feel valued and respected. On the other hand, condescending behaviour can create tension and lead to a hostile work environment.
When working together, it’s important to collate all the information and ideas to determine what will work best. This can be done through brainstorming sessions or team meetings. However, it’s crucial not to fall into cliché methods of teamwork. Blistering pace and excessive pressure can lead to burnout and negatively impact the work environment. Instead, it’s important to find a balance between efficiency and well-being.
2. Match the words with the definitions.
3. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. He’s trying very hard to _____________________ and develop his critical thinking skills.
2. A _____________________ work environment which allows cooperation is essential in a workplace.
3. Arnold has spent much of his working life _____________________ the data on which his study is based.
4. It’s too early to predict the_____________________ of the election.
5. Italy has _____________________ geographical regions, including mountains and valleys.
6. Janet _____________________ the tasks to Bob as Mr Smith had intended.
7. Julie has lots of career _____________________; she dreams of being a manager one day.
8. Larry’s _____________________ tone was both patronising and annoying.
9. Lewis sometimes finds it difficult to _____________________ the meaning behind Mark’s body language.
10. Mary refused to let her leg injury keep her from _____________________ her goal of taking part in the marathon.
11. Mr Jones _____________________ the task to the rest of the team.
12. Prague offers a subtle _____________________ of traditional and historical choices for tourists to enjoy.
13. Technology is advancing at a _____________________ pace; personal computing is completely different from how it was fifteen years ago.
14. The correct working environment can be _____________________ to employee productivity.
15. Although it’s challenging, I need to _____________________ the five-page article into a concise and informative summary for my presentation.
16. The _____________________ lighting in the office created a feeling of relaxation and calmness.
17. The _____________________ behind the company decision was very well-thought through.
18. There is a wide _____________________ of software available on the office computers, which offers staff a great deal of flexibility.
19. Young children often use gestures and _____________________ cues to express what they want.
20. Young staff expect more from their employers than the tired _____________________ of having sofas or bean bags in the office.
Key
Match the words with the definitions.
Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. He’s trying very hard to cultivate and develop his critical thinking skills.
2. A collaborative work environment which allows cooperation is essential in a workplace.
3. Arnold has spent much of his working life collating the data on which his study is based.
4. It’s too early to predict the outcome of the election.
5. Italy has diverse geographical regions, including mountains and valleys.
6. Janet allocated the tasks to Bob as Mr Smith had intended.
7. Julie has lots of career aspirations; she dreams of being a manager one day.
8. Larry’s condescending tone was both patronising and annoying.
9. Lewis sometimes finds it difficult to decipher the meaning behind Mark’s body language.
10. Mary refused to let her leg injury keep her from attaining her goal of taking part in the marathon.
11. Mr Jones delegated the task to the rest of the team.
12. Prague offers a subtle blend of traditional and historical choices for tourists to enjoy.
13. Technology is advancing at a blistering pace; personal computing is completely different from how it was fifteen years ago.
14. The correct working environment can be conducive to employee productivity.
15. Although it’s challenging, I need to condense the five-page article into a concise and informative summary for my presentation.
16. The ambient lighting in the office created a feeling of relaxation and calmness.
17. The reasoning behind the company decision was very well-thought through.
18. There is a wide array of software available on the office computers, which offers staff a great deal of flexibility.
19. Young children often use gestures and non-verbal cues to express what they want.
20. Young staff expect more from their employers than the tired cliché of having sofas or bean bags in the office.
Unit 9
1. Read the text and try to figure out the meaning of the highlighted words.
In today’s contemporary world, people often strive for contentment in their lives. However, many find themselves stuck in a cubicle job that they detest, which can be detrimental to their mental health. This is where empowerment and entitlement come into play. Employers should liaise with their employees and listen to their needs and concerns. This can lead to a sense of frontier being broken down between management and staff. This notion of interconnectedness between employer and employee can lead to a myriad of benefits for both parties. Employees who feel valued and respected are more likely to have a positive perception of their workplace.
The millennial generation is particularly interested in feeling empowered and having a say in their work environment. They value exquisite experiences and want to feel like they are making a difference. By providing opportunities for them to take on newchallenges and responsibilities, employers can create a sense of fulfillment and contentment among their younger workforce.
One gimmick that some companies have implemented to improve the work environment is the use of infrared lighting in the office. This type of lighting has been found to improve mood and productivity among workers. However, it’s not just about the physical environment. Employers should facilitate flexitime for their employees, which would allow them to work during the hours that suit them best.
By creating a positive work environment, employers can foster a sense of contentment and satisfaction among their staff, leading to increased productivity and success for the company.
2. Match the words with the definitions.
3. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. The film examines _____________________ issues in the modern world.
2. Air pollution from factories is _____________________ to the environment and harmful to people and animals.
3. By providing _____________________ facilities in the workplace, organisations encourage loyalty and pride in their workforce.
4. Each colleague has his own small _____________________ in the office from where he can work.
5. Exploring the unknown _____________________ of contemporary science is both exciting and challenging.
6. Fortunately, most diseases can be cured, as long as they are _____________________ early.
7. _____________________ therapy is believed to help alleviate chronic pain in the body by penetrating deep into the skin and tissues, delivering heat and stimulating blood flow to affected areas.
8. Jennifer felt so much _____________________ for the waiter that she looked at him in disdain.
9. Mark works _____________________ so he can adjust his hours to what suits him best.
10. _____________________, who reached adulthood around 2000, are familiar with _____________________ such as ’working from home’ or ’flexitime’.
11. Nowadays, students have an unlimited _____________________ of online resources to choose from; there are so many!
12. Scott often _____________________ with clients to discuss their needs on a project.
13. Ted has an unjustified sense of _____________________; if he wants something, he’ll have to work for it!
14. The corporation strongly believes in the _____________________ of employees, and often allows them to work on their own initiative.
15. The documentary hopes to change both people’s _____________________ and understanding of modern music.
16. The free gift in the newspaper was a great sales _____________________, which encouraged people to buy a copy.
17. The meeting room layout _____________________ interactive exchange, making communication easier among staff.
18. The system is _____________________ with an app that sends progress reports to mobile devices.
19. The _____________________ that working from home is less demanding is completely wrong.
20. Worker _____________________ and satisfaction are essential for staff productivity.
Key
Match the words with the definitions.
Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. The film examines contemporary issues in the modern world.
2. Air pollution from factories is detrimental to the environment and harmful to people and animals.
3. By providing exquisite facilities in the workplace, organisations encourage loyalty and pride in their workforce.
4. Each colleague has his own small cubicle in the office from where he can work.
5. Exploring the unknown frontiers of contemporary science is both exciting and challenging.
6. Fortunately, most diseases can be cured, as long as they are detected early.
7. Infrared therapy is believed to help alleviate chronic pain in the body by penetrating deep into the skin and tissues, delivering heat and stimulating blood flow to affected areas.
8. Jennifer felt so much contempt for the waiter that she looked at him in disdain.
9. Mark works flexitime so he can adjust his hours to what suits him best.
10. Millennials, who reached adulthood around 2000, are familiar with notions such as «working from home» or «flexitime».
11. Nowadays, students have an unlimited myriad of online resources to choose from; there are so many!
12. Scott often liaises with clients to discuss their needs on a project.
13. Ted has an unjustified sense of entitlement; if he wants something, he’ll have to work for it!
14. The corporation strongly believes in the empowerment of employees, and often allows them to work on their own initiative.
15. The documentary hopes to change both people’s perception and understanding of modern music.
16. The free gift in the newspaper was a great sales gimmick, which encouraged people to buy a copy.
17. The meeting room layout facilitates interactive exchange, making communication easier among staff.
18. The system is interconnected with an app that sends progress reports to mobile devices.
19. The notion that working from home is less demanding is completely wrong.
20. Worker contentment and satisfaction are essential for staff productivity.
Unit 10
1. Read the text and try to figure out the meaning of the highlighted words.
In today’s world, career prospects are a pertinent concern for many people. While some individuals are adept at finding the right job, others may be clueless about where to start. It’s not uncommon to be of two minds about what kind of work you want to pursue. Sometimes it can be useful to step out of your comfort zone and explore different options. Some people may scoff at blue-collar jobs, but they constitute an essential part of our economy. These jobs require physical labour and often involve working with your hands. They may not command the same respect as white-collar jobs, but they offer unfettered scope for those who enjoy working with their hands.
On the other hand, white-collar jobs such as those in creative arts require a different set of skills. These jobs demand creativity, conscientiousness, and the ability to compose unique ideas. People who are adept at these skills have the potential to excel in this field.
Regardless of the type of job you choose, retention is key. You must be willing to learn and adapt to new challenges. It’s also important to bring to mind that success in any job requires synergy between your abilities and the company’s goals.
Sometimes, we may find ourselves in situations where we feel unjustly treated or undervalued. In such cases, it’s important to speak up and express your concerns in a blunt yet respectful manner. Thinly veiled complaints or passive-aggressive behaviour will only make matters worse.
Whether you choose a blue-collar or white-collar job, it’s important to stay focused and committed. With hard work and dedication, anyone can achieve their career goals.
2. Match the words with the definitions.
3. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. During the meeting, Mike presented information _____________________ to his project; he made sure he didn’t bring up any irrelevant points.
2. Tom felt that Ian had been _____________________ critical of his work; his comments were totally unfair.
3. The effective _____________________ between physical and digital elements often ensures an efficient working environment.
4. The design team have _____________________ to alter the new product in any way they like.
5. The committee was _____________________ of the chairman and two executive officers.
6. The committee can’t easily decide and is still _____________________ about going ahead with the merger.
7. Students are advised to take _____________________ into consideration when choosing a university course.
8. Staff _____________________, and holding onto your best employees, is crucial for a successful business.
9. Some members of staff discreetly laugh at the new company branding with _____________________ contempt.
10. Sadly, many _____________________ jobs are now done by machines in most factories.
11. Our boss is not only admired by all his employees but also _____________________ in the wider business community.
12. Most employees learn when they are pushed out of their _____________________ and required to work on something challenging.
13. Miss Mary is both a hard-working and a _____________________ teacher.
14. Mandy was good at typing up reports and also became _____________________ at other secretarial tasks.
15. The aroma of freshly baked bread _____________________ happy childhood memories spent baking with my grandmother.
16. At first, John _____________________ at Mike’s idea of travelling by train in a dismissive way, but eventually agreed.
17. Anna is _____________________ when it comes to computers; she doesn’t know anything about them.
18. Although Janice is good at interacting with other workers, she can be shockingly straightforward and _____________________ at times.
19. Adding _____________________, such as literature, music, and painting to the school curriculum, would definitely increase students’ interest.
20. A strong work ethic is important but what does that _____________________ exactly?
Key
Match the words with the definitions.
Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. During the meeting, Mike presented information pertinent to his project; he made sure he didn’t bring up any irrelevant points.
2. Tom felt that Ian had been unjustly critical of his work; his comments were totally unfair.
3. The effective synergy between physical and digital elements often ensures an efficient working environment.
4. The design team have unfettered scope to alter the new product in any way they like.
5. The committee was composed of the chairman and two executive officers.
6. The committee can’t easily decide and is still in two minds about going ahead with the merger.
7. Students are advised to take career prospects into consideration when choosing a university course.
8. Staff retention, and holding onto your best employees, is crucial for a successful business.
9. Some members of staff discreetly laugh at the new company branding with thinly veiled contempt.
10. Sadly, many blue-collar jobs are now done by machines in most factories.
11. Our boss is not only admired by all his employees but also commands respect in the wider business community.
12. Most employees learn when they are pushed out of their comfort zones and required to work on something challenging.
13. Miss Mary is both a hard-working and a conscientious teacher.
14. Mandy was good at typing up reports and also became adept at other secretarial tasks.
15. The aroma of freshly baked bread brings to mind happy childhood memories spent baking with my grandmother.
16. At first, John scoffed at Mike’s idea of travelling by train in a dismissive way, but eventually agreed.
17. Anna is clueless when it comes to computers; she doesn’t know anything about them.
18. Although Janice is good at interacting with other workers, she can be shockingly straightforward and blunt at times.
19. Adding creative arts, such as literature, music and painting to the school curriculum, would definitely increase students’ interest.
20. A strong work ethic is important but what does that constitute exactly?
Unit 11
1. Read the text and try to figure out the meaning of the highlighted words.
When it comes to work, some people prefer a cushy job that requires little effort and offers a comfortable salary. Others are willing to embrace a task that challenges them and demands dedication and discipline. The latter may lead to enhanced skills and opportunities for growth, while the former might result in a dead-end career and humdrum routine.
Building a solid foundation for your career starts with laying the groundwork early on. This means acquiring the necessary education, skills, and experience, as well as networking and seeking mentorship. Writing a dissertation or conducting research in a field of interest can also give credit to your expertise and enfold you in a community of scholars.
However, not all careers require formal education. Some people find joy and meaning in jobs that involve helping others, such as teaching, nursing, or social work. These professions may not offer high salaries, but they provide a sense of fulfillment and purpose that money cannot buy.
Having a high-powered job is not necessarily a guarantee of success or happiness. It takes more than just a prestigious title or a big paycheck to feel fulfilled and honoured in your profession. One must have a sense of purpose and devotion to what they do, as well as a frank understanding of their strengths and weaknesses.
Whatever career path you choose, make sure it aligns with your values and goals. If you have something on your mind, pursue it with passion and commitment. And if you feel underappreciated in your job, don’t be afraid to ask for a pay rise or seek other opportunities that better suit your needs.
2. Match the words with the definitions.
3. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. Tom often wishes he had a _____________________ well-paying job like Mandy’s.
2. Working long hours not only _____________________ the employees’ abilities to work efficiently but also reduced their performance.
3. What sets Alison apart is the complete _____________________ she shows to her work.
4. The _____________________ of the company’s success is its employees; they’re the basis of everything.
5. The office was _____________________ in thick fog during the afternoon; you couldn’t see anything outside the windows.
6. The new _____________________ learning software has an improved user interface.
7. The manager praised and _____________________ the whole sales team for their exceptional work.
8. The director constantly has the spiralling costs _____________________; he’s very worried.
9. Many believe that teachers are _____________________ for their hard work and dedication to their students.
10. Rob moved to another firm because he realized his position was a _____________________ job with no prospects for promotion.
11. Richard moved to London and took a _____________________ successful job as a senior executive.
12. Professor Stevenson is a highly _____________________ academic who is respected across the world.
13. Mandy wrote her _____________________ after having completed her research on the subject.
14. Julie’s _____________________ to her work is very impressive; she’s so conscientious.
15. Jeff was _____________________ of an extra hundred pounds a month for reaching his sales targets.
16. Her new teaching job seemed rather _____________________ and unexciting, compared to her previous work as a journalist.
17. Having done all the _____________________ and preparation for the new project, Mary requested a meeting with her supervisor.
18. Gavin is extremely sincere and _____________________ with all his colleagues.
19. Eddie _____________________ the task and made every effort to complete the work he was given on time.
20. Andrew’s _____________________ and self-control is what makes him so reliable.
Key
Match the words with the definitions.
Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. Tom often wishes he had a cushy well-paying job like Mandy’s.
2. Working long hours not only diminished the employees’ abilities to work efficiently but also reduced their performance.
3. What sets Alison apart is the complete devotion she shows to her work.
4. The foundation of the company’s success is its employees; they’re the basis of everything.
5. The office was enfolded in thick fog during the afternoon; you couldn’t see anything outside the windows.
6. The new enhanced learning software has an improved user interface.
7. The manager praised and gave credit to the whole sales team for their exceptional work.
8. The director constantly has the spiralling costs on his mind; he’s very worried.
9. Many believe that teachers are underappreciated for their hard work and dedication to their students.
10. Rob moved to another firm because he realised his position was a dead-end job with no prospects for promotion.
11. Richard moved to London and took a high-powered successful job as a senior executive.
12. Professor Stevenson is a highly honoured academic who is respected across the world.
13. Mandy wrote her dissertation after having completed her research on the subject.
14. Julie’s dedication to her work is very impressive; she’s so conscientious.
15. Jeff was given a pay rise of an extra hundred pounds a month for reaching his sales targets.
16. Her new teaching job seemed rather humdrum and unexciting, compared to her previous work as a journalist.
17. Having done all the groundwork and preparation for the new project, Mary requested a meeting with her supervisor.
18. Gavin is extremely sincere and frank with all his colleagues.
19. Eddie embraced the task and made every effort to complete the work he was given on time.
20. Andrew’s discipline and self-control is what makes him so reliable.
Unit 12
1. Read the text and try to figure out the meaning of the highlighted words.
Being indecisive can be frustrating, especially when you have to make important decisions. However, there are ways to overcome this tendency and take initiative in your life.
One key component of decision-making is lateral thinking. This means racking your brain and finding innovative solutions. Sometimes, prolonged reflection can help you come up with a proper solution. If you find that you cannot think straight or feel overwhelmed, it may be helpful to take a break and do something menial, like cleaning or organizing. This can give your psyche a chance to reset and allow you to approach the decision with a fresh perspective. Seeking input from others can also be instrumental for making a sound decision. Don’t be afraid to pick someone else’s brain if necessary.
Remember, making decisions can be challenging, but with methodical thinking and a willingness to try new approaches, you can become more confident in your ability to make choices. And who knows? Your next decision could lead to a plum opportunity that you never imagined! So, don’t be afraid to request help when needed and keep these tips in mind when you’re on the threshold of an important decision.
2. Match the words with the definitions.
3. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. Olive was _____________________ and wondered what to wear on her first day at the office.
2. Apart from being able to solve problems, students need to use their imagination and acquire a certain level of _____________________.
3. Bob played an _____________________ role in developing the project; his expertise proved essential.
4. His daily duties entailed _____________________ tasks, such as heavy lifting, which required no skill whatsoever.
5. His _____________________ was clearly seen in the honest way he carries out tasks.
6. Jack is very organised and has a _____________________ approach for checking every detail in his work.
7. Jeff decided to _____________________ Mr Smith’s brain about the project and asked him some questions about the details.
8. John _____________________ to find the missing document as he couldn’t remember where he had placed it.
9. John’s lifelong fascination with the natural world has led to his _____________________ interest in wildlife.
10. Rick justifiably _____________________ for additional staff; he doesn’t have enough people in his team.
11. Running your own company takes commitment and _____________________; you have to be the one to make the big decisions yourself.
12. Science is a _____________________ in the school curriculum, along with Maths and English.
13. Scientists are _____________________ of a major breakthrough and are expected to make their findings public.
14. She’s very lucky as she has managed to get such a _____________________ job; hundreds of people had applied for it.
15. Strong _____________________ skills, such as communication and conflict management, are essential in the workplace.
16. Technological _____________________ often entails introducing original ideas to existing technology.
17. After long hours of brainstorming, she was finally able to _____________________ an innovative solution to the problem at hand.
18. This is Janet’s first _____________________ job; she usually does voluntary work at weekends.
19. Tom was so tired that he could _____________________.
20. We all have an innate desire to explore the unknown, which is instilled in our _____________________.
Key
Match the words with the definitions.
Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. Olive was indecisive and wondered what to wear on her first day at the office.
2. Apart from being able to solve problems, students need to use their imagination and acquire a certain level of lateral thinking.
3. Bob played an instrumental role in developing the project; his expertise proved essential.
4. His daily duties entailed menial tasks, such as heavy lifting, which required no skill whatsoever.
5. His integrity was clearly seen in the honest way he carries out tasks.
6. Jack is very organised and has a methodical approach for checking every detail in his work.
7. Jeff decided to pick Mr Smith’s brain about the project and asked him some questions about the details.
8. John racked his brains to find the missing document as he couldn’t remember where he had placed it.
9. John’s lifelong fascination with the natural world has led to his prolonged interest in wildlife.
10. Rick justifiably requested for additional staff; he doesn’t have enough people in his team.
11. Running your own company takes commitment and initiative; you have to be the one to make the big decisions yourself.
12. Science is a key component in the school curriculum, along with Maths and English.
13. Scientists are on the threshold of a major breakthrough and are expected to make their findings public.
14. She’s very lucky as she has managed to get such a plum job; hundreds of people had applied for it.
15. Strong interpersonal skills, such as communication and conflict management, are essential in the workplace.
16. Technological innovation often entails introducing original ideas to existing technology.
17. After long hours of brainstorming, she was finally able to come up with an innovative solution to the problem at hand.
18. This is Janet’s first proper job; she usually does voluntary work at weekends.
19. Tom was so tired that he could not think straight.
20. We all have an innate desire to explore the unknown, which is instilled in our psyche.
Unit 13
1. Read the text and try to figure out the meaning of the highlighted words.
During the peak season, it can be challenging to find luxurious accommodation with impeccable service. Sometimes, you may have to settle for quaint villages and poor service.
If you’re planning a trip, make sure to book your long-haul flight in advance. Consider opting for a low-cost carrier if you don’t mind sacrificing some frills. But be prepared for a possible overload of passengers and limited legroom. You might find yourself crammed into a small seat with little overhead space, and the in-flight meal might leave much to be desired. But don’t let that get you down — bring some snacks and a good book to keep you occupied. If someone annoys you or tries to distract you, you can politely tell them to go fly a kite.
When traveling overland, you have the flexibility to make decisions on the fly. You can stop and explore interesting places or overlook the ones that don’t catch your interest. It’s a great way to immerse yourself in the local culture. If you have time to kill, you can always explore the surroundings and enjoy the panoramic views.
While travelling, keep an eye on your belongings and be aware of your surroundings. And if you’re driving, make sure to obey traffic laws and not overtake other vehicles recklessly. Stay focused on enjoying your journey and taking in all the experiences along the way.
2. Match the words with the definitions.
3. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. The _____________________ of responsibilities at work caused her to burn out and take a much-needed sabbatical.
2. The tower provides a _____________________ of the whole city.
3. The luxurious first-class seats offer exceptional _____________________, making the long-haul flight much more comfortable.
4. The service at that restaurant _____________________, I didn’t enjoy my meal.
5. The flight from Los Angeles to Beijing was my first _____________________; previously I’d only been on local flights.
6. His _____________________ allowed him to adapt to any situation and quickly find a solution to the problem at hand
7. Seagulls flew _____________________ and the sun shone off the sea.
8. Sam has _____________________ manners and is incredibly polite.
9. I want to_____________________ myself in the local culture while I’m traveling abroad.
10. Peter told Paul to _____________________ and stop irritating him.
11. On the flight to Paris, the _____________________ was spaghetti bolognese.
12. It was worth the extra money to stay in such amazing _____________________.
13. It was two hours until their flight, so they had plenty of _____________________ in the airport.
14. In recent years, _____________________ airlines have made traveling abroad affordable for almost everyone.
15. I’m sorry that I _____________________ your request; I totally missed it.
16. Fiona _____________________ the car in front of her as it was going very slowly.
17. Emma prefers to travel _____________________ because flying is very damaging to the environment.
18. During _____________________, the resort can receive thousands of visitors a day.
19. Dad doesn’t like making plans and prefers to do everything _____________________.
20. Although the food was good, there was _____________________ and the waiter was very rude.
Key
Match the words with the definitions.
Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. The overload of responsibilities at work caused her to burn out and take a much-needed sabbatical.
2. The tower provides a panoramic view of the whole city.
3. The luxurious first-class seats offer exceptional legroom, making the long-haul flight much more comfortable.
4. The service at that restaurant leaves much to be desired, I didn’t enjoy my meal.
5. The flight from Los Angeles to Beijing was my first long-haul flight; previously I’d only been on local flights.
6. His flexibility allowed him to adapt to any situation and quickly find a solution to the problem at hand
7. Seagulls flew overhead and the sun shone off the sea.
8. Sam has impeccable manners and is incredibly polite.
9. I want to immerse myself in the local culture while I’m traveling abroad.
10. Peter told Paul to go fly a kite and stop irritating him.
11. On the flight to Paris, the in-flight meal was spaghetti bolognese.
12. It was worth the extra money to stay in such amazing luxurious accommodation.
13. It was two hours until their flight, so they had plenty of time to kill in the airport.
14. In recent years, low-cost airlines have made travelling abroad affordable for almost everyone.
15. I’m sorry that I overlooked your request; I totally missed it.
16. Fiona overtook the car in front of her as it was going very slowly.
17. Emma prefers to travel overland because flying is very damaging to the environment.
18. During peak season, the resort can receive thousands of visitors a day.
19. Dad doesn’t like making plans and prefers to do everything on the fly.
20. Although the food was good, there was poor service and the waiter was very rude.
Unit 14
1. Read the text and try to figure out the meaning of the highlighted words.
Job hunting can be a challenging and tedious process, but it’s worthwhile to strive for the job of your dreams. Taking charge of your career and thinking outside the box can help you land a good job.
When searching for a job, it’s important to take notice of all opportunities that come your way. Even if a job doesn’t seem perfect at first, it could lead to bigger and better things in the future. Don’t let potential opportunities slip your mind.
It’s also important to take responsibility for your job search. Don’t rely solely on others to find a job for you. Instead, take credit for your efforts and be proud of what you’ve accomplished.
During the job hunt, you may encounter some challenges and struggles. It can be taxing to constantly apply for jobs and face rejection. However, staying positive can help you overcome these obstacles. If you’re feeling overwhelmed, try taking your mind off the job search for a bit. Engage in activities that make you happy and relaxed. This will help you stay motivated and focused when you return to the job hunt.
When starting a new job, it’s important to be trusting of your colleagues and superiors. Building relationships with your co-workers can make the job more enjoyable and help you feel valued in the workplace.
For some jobs, tuition fees may be required to gain the necessary skills and knowledge. In these cases, finding a benefactor or scholarship can be helpful.
Overall, finding a job can be a challenging but rewarding experience. By taking charge of your job search, being responsible, and thinking outside the box, you can find a job that is both fulfilling and worthwhile.
2. Match the words with the definitions.
3. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. Young people are required to _____________________, and develop their thinking skills creatively and unconventionally.
2. With the support of a well-known _____________________, the charity managed to cover its annual expenses.
3. Unfortunately, Jeffery forgot to tell his supervisor about the change of the meeting venue; it totally _____________________.
4. The director of studies _____________________ to go over the new school curriculum at the meeting.
5. The design team is _____________________ to improve the quality of the product, by doing its best to introduce some new features.
6. Terry _____________________ for the project while Mr Jones was on sick leave.
7. _____________________ to meet deadlines on a daily basis can be difficult and rather exhausting.
8. She immediately expressed her disagreement by _____________________ Jim’s comments.
9. Sandra _____________________ for the rise in sales even though she did nothing to improve them.
10. Mr Mullin is very _____________________ of his staff; he believes everything that they say.
11. Mary considered _____________________ of the company when the director announced his plans of retiring.
12. Mandy used her work to _____________________ her problems.
13. Jeff is a _____________________ member of the team, who is highly thought of by all his fellow workers.
14. In order to be able to pay for her university _____________________, Alison decided to find a part-time job.
15. Hopefully, workers will _____________________ of the new policy that the company has implemented and follow it.
16. His new job turned out to be more _____________________ than he had initially expected; he’s finding it very difficult.
17. After months of _____________________, he finally landed an interview with his dream company.
18. Bruce commenced the _____________________ and exhausting process of analysing the assessment report.
19. Auditing is a _____________________ job because it’s important for a project’s financial management.
20. Despite facing many challenges, she was able to _____________________ at the prestigious law firm thanks to her dedication and hard work.
Key
Match the words with the definitions.
Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. Young people are required to think outside the box, and develop their thinking skills creatively and unconventionally.
2. With the support of a well-known benefactor, the charity managed to cover its annual expenses.
3. Unfortunately, Jeffery forgot to tell his supervisor about the change of the meeting venue; it totally slipped his mind.
4. The director of studies took the opportunity to go over the new school curriculum at the meeting.
5. The design team is striving to improve the quality of the product, by doing its best to introduce some new features.
6. Terry took responsibility for the project while Mr Jones was on sick leave.
7. Struggling to meet deadlines on a daily basis can be difficult and rather exhausting.
8. She immediately expressed her disagreement by taking issue with Jim’s comments.
9. Sandra took credit for the rise in sales even though she did nothing to improve them.
10. Mr Mullin is very trusting of his staff; he believes everything that they say.
11. Mary considered taking charge of the company when the director announced his plans of retiring.
12. Mandy used her work to take her mind off her problems.
13. Jeff is a valued member of the team, who is highly thought of by all his fellow workers.
14. In order to be able to pay for her university tuition fees, Alison decided to find a part-time job.
15. Hopefully, workers will take notice of the new policy that the company has implemented and follow it.
16. His new job turned out to be more taxing than he had initially expected; he’s finding it very difficult.
17. After months of job hunting, he finally landed an interview with his dream company.
18. Bruce commenced the tedious and exhausting process of analysing the assessment report.
19. Auditing is a worthwhile job because it’s important for a project’s financial management.
20. Despite facing many challenges, she was able to land a job at the prestigious law firm thanks to her dedication and hard work.
Unit 15
1. Read the text and try to figure out the meaning of the highlighted words.
Travelling is one of the most enriching experiences a person can have. It allows us to satisfy our thirst for adventure and explore new cultures. When travelling, it’s important to remember to tolerate different customs and beliefs. Unification doesn’t mean everyone has to be the same, but rather that we should respect each other’s differences.
It’s also important to wander off the beaten path and explore areas that are not usually frequented by tourists. Travelling to exotic destinations can be an ingenious way to broaden your horizons and satisfy your inquisitive nature. This way, we can discover hidden gems that are often overlooked.
If you’re travelling by train, make sure to locate the access road to your platform. Once on board, you can head to the buffet car to grab a bite to eat or relax in your carriage. If you prefer a more luxurious experience, you can book a deluxe compartment with all the amenities.
When travelling by plane, it’s crucial to fasten your seatbelt and listen to the safety instructions provided by the flight attendants. Make sure to locate your flotation device and know where the emergency exits are. If someone’s behaviour is driving you round the bend, try to remain calm and don’t fly into a rage. Sometimes, unexpected situations arise and plans may need to be diverted. It’s important to keep an open mind and go with the flow.
2. Match the words with the definitions.
3. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. All the best explorers have _____________________ minds and are naturally curious.
2. Anna was able to _____________________ the bad weather; rain never bothered her.
3. Becky is a passionate traveller with _____________________ for adventure and new challenges.
4. Boats are always fitted with _____________________ such as life vests, in case of an accident at sea.
5. Ellen is so annoying! She really _____________________ me round the bend!
6. Emily always finds _____________________ solutions to problems that are very creative.
7. Hannah got offended by his comment and _____________________ suddenly.
8. Mike parked his bike by the curb and _____________________ a chain round the wheel and a railing to make it secure.
9. Terry walked away from the hotel and _____________________ out into the woods to have a look around.
10. The boat _____________________ in the current until the captain turned on the engine.
11. The company cleared land to build a new facility in the countryside _____________________ the environment.
12. The complex has an _____________________ to the industrial estate; it’s the only way in or out.
13. The department was made possible by the _____________________ of two different government agencies.
14. The dishes in the new Indian restaurant are really _____________________; I’ve never seen such interesting ingredients!
15. The first class _____________________ are at the front of the train.
16. The intercity train has a _____________________ where you can get food and drink.
17. The police _____________________ traffic away from the city centre due to an accident that had blocked the road.
18. My friend likes _____________________ and never makes plans in advance.
19. The sleeper _____________________ has separate enclosed _____________________ with their own beds.
20. The _____________________ package is a luxury option that includes the very best facilities in the hotel.
Key
Match the words with the definitions.
Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. All the best explorers have inquisitive minds and are naturally curious.
2. Anna was able to tolerate the bad weather; rain never bothered her.
3. Becky is a passionate traveller with a thirst for adventure and new challenges.
4. Boats are always fitted with flotation devices such as life vests, in case of an accident at sea.
5. Ellen is so annoying! She really drives me round the bend!
6. Emily always finds ingenious solutions to problems that are very creative.
7. Hannah got offended by his comment and flew into a rage suddenly.
8. Mike parked his bike by the curb and fastened a chain round the wheel and a railing to make it secure.
9. Terry walked away from the hotel and wandered out into the woods to have a look around.
10. The boat drifted in the current until the captain turned on the engine.
11. The company cleared land to build a new facility in the countryside to the detriment of the environment.
12. The complex has an access road to the industrial estate; it’s the only way in or out.
13. The department was made possible by the unification of two different government agencies.
14. The dishes in the new Indian restaurant are really exotic; I’ve never seen such interesting ingredients!
15. The first class carriages are at the front of the train.
16. The intercity train has a buffet car where you can get food and drink.
17. The police diverted traffic away from the city centre due to an accident that had blocked the road.
18. My friend likes to go with the flow and never makes plans in advance.
19. The sleeper carriage has separate enclosed compartments with their own beds.
20. The deluxe package is a luxury option that includes the very best facilities in the hotel.
Unit 16
1. Read the text and try to figure out the meaning of the highlighted words.
In today’s world, it is important to keep up with the latest trends and advancements. Companies are constantly striving to make their mark by introducing new and groundbreaking products or services. This often requires a lot of brainstorming and hard work, but the end result can be very rewarding.
One example of this is the fusion of traditional bricks-and-mortar stores with cutting-edge technology. This brainchild has led to a customised shopping experience that appeals to both young and old customers.
However, not all companies are able to keep up with the latest trends and may find themselves in a predicament. This could lead to stagnation and possibly even layoffs. When companies face such challenges, they may consider a merger with another company to bolster their position in the market. This could also involve a refurbishment of their existing infrastructure to stay competitive. An audit of the company’s finances and resources may also be necessary to ensure that they are on the right track.
However, not everyone may appreciate these changes. Some employees may express displeasure at the prospect of a merger or layoff, while others may simply feel incomprehension towards the new direction of the company. It is important for management to communicate effectively and address any concerns that arise during these times of change.
Despite the challenges, companies must continue to make strides and embrace new ideas in order to stay relevant in today’s fast-paced world. By doing so, they can achieve success and earn the appreciation of their customers and stakeholders alike.
2. Match the words with the definitions.
3. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. The new scheme is the firm’s latest _____________________.
2. There was widespread _____________________ of Martin’s absence in the office.
3. The _____________________ software was tailor-made so students can choose what areas they want to focus on.
4. The headmaster showed his _____________________ of Ron’s predicament by not punishing him too harshly.
5. The firm made great progress and massive _____________________ in expanding the company to foreign markets.
6. The director was extremely annoyed and expressed his _____________________ at the disrespect he was shown.
7. The director supported the _____________________ of the two corporations.
8. The company went through a period of _____________________, where no new products were developed.
9. The company is known for its innovative and _____________________ work.
10. In order to remain _____________________ in today’s market, companies must constantly innovate and keep up with the latest trends and technologies.
11. Mr Smith sympathised with Bob’s _____________________; it was a difficult situation.
12. Mr Jones lost his job after being _____________________ by the company.
13. Martin would _____________________ do more overtime if the rewards for doing so were better.
14. It’s expected that the writer’s _____________________ of reality and fantasy in his new novel will earn him the literary acclaim he deserves.
15. The government provided aid to _____________________ the economy during the recession.
16. It is essential to examine the interests of all _____________________ before implementing a new policy or strategy.
17. Hopefully, the _____________________ of our office, as well as the other renovations, will be complete within a month.
18. During the _____________________, the accountant thoroughly inspected the company’s financial procedures.
19. Certain schools can successfully combine _____________________ methods and advanced technology with traditional learning.
20. Businesses tend to set up _____________________ companies with actual physical addresses, rather than setting up only online ones.
Key
Match the words with the definitions.
Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. The new scheme is the firm’s latest brainchild.
2. There was widespread incomprehension of Martin’s absence in the office.
3. The customised software was tailor-made so students can choose what areas they want to focus on.
4. The headmaster showed his appreciation of Ron’s predicament by not punishing him too harshly.
5. The firm made great progress and massive strides in expanding the company to foreign markets.
6. The director was extremely annoyed and expressed his displeasure at the disrespect he was shown.
7. The director supported the merger of the two corporations.
8. The company went through a period of stagnation, where no new products were developed.
9. The company is known for its innovative and groundbreaking work.
10. In order to remain competitive in today’s market, companies must constantly innovate and keep up with the latest trends and technologies.
11. Mr Smith sympathised with Bob’s predicament; it was a difficult situation.
12. Mr Jones lost his job after being laid off by the company.
13. Martin would be inclined to do more overtime if the rewards for doing so were better.
14. It’s expected that the writer’s fusion of reality and fantasy in his new novel will earn him the literary acclaim he deserves.
15. The government provided aid to bolster the economy during the recession.
16. It is essential to examine the interests of all stakeholders before implementing a new policy or strategy.
17. Hopefully, the refurbishment of our office, as well as the other renovations, will be complete within a month.
18. During the audit, the accountant thoroughly inspected the company’s financial procedures.
19. Certain schools can successfully combine cutting-edge methods and advanced technology with traditional learning.
20. Businesses tend to set up bricks-and-mortar companies with actual physical addresses, rather than setting up only online ones.
Unit 17
1. Read the text and try to figure out the meaning of the highlighted words.
In the world of business, it is common for entrepreneurs to branch out and start a new business venture. However, this can be a risky escapade that requires careful planning and consideration. Given that there are no guarantees in business, it is important to pace yourself and not rush into anything without proper research and preparation.
When starting a new business venture, it is important to have a solid infrastructure in place. This includes everything from your physical office space to your technology and equipment. On the assumption that you have all of these things in order, you can focus on growing your business and achieving your goals.
Despite the best efforts of entrepreneurs, sometimes things don’t go according to plan. In spite of your hard work, you may find that your business is struggling and your efforts are in vain. When this happens, it is important to keep trying, but also to be willing to make tough decisions and change direction if necessary.
One of the biggest challenges in business is dealing with contradictory information. It can be difficult to know who to trust and which sources to rely on. In view of this, it is important to have a fluid approach and be open to changing your plans if new information arises.
I’ll give you that starting a business can be a futile effort if you don’t have the right mindset and approach. However, with careful planning, research, and a willingness to take risks, put in the effort and stay committed to your goals, you can achieve great things in the business world.
2. Match the words with the definitions.
3. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. They rescheduled the appointment _____________________ the fact that the set venue was unavailable.
2. _____________________, the research you presented is impressive, but it doesn’t necessarily prove your point.
3. The trip to Paris proved to be an exciting _____________________.
4. If you _____________________ to learn a new language, you’ll be able to travel the world and communicate with people from different cultures.
5. The director embarked on a new _____________________ by setting up a new company.
6. The company decided to make some changes to certain features of its _____________________, such as its HR department.
7. The business soon _____________________ to different areas of the industry.
8. We are _____________________ providing the highest level of service anywhere.
9. To achieve success, you must _____________________ your goals and work diligently towards achieving them.
10. Michael suggested _____________________ at the beginning of the project so that we wouldn’t be exhausted at the end.
11. Justin submitted his business proposal _____________________ he could apply for additional funding.
12. The success of this project _____________________ everyone making an effort.
13. _____________________ the fact that Charlie is a novice at computer games, he is quite a fast learner.
14. Even though the staff opposed the merger, nobody dared to _____________________ the director’s final decision to go ahead with it.
15. The organisation made a _____________________ attempt to increase profits.
16. In a _____________________ situation, it’s important to stay calm and composed in order to make rational decisions.
17. Harold waited _____________________ for a reply to his job application; and to his disappointment, someone else got the job.
18. _____________________ Alfred is more experienced, the company assigned the new project to him rather than to Mary.
19. Elon Musk is a highly successful _____________________ who co-founded companies such as Tesla and SpaceX.
20. A special test was used to judge candidates’ _____________________ intelligence by assessing their ability to reason.
Key
Match the words with the definitions.
Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. They rescheduled the appointment in view of the fact that the set venue was unavailable.
2. I’ll give you that, the research you presented is impressive, but it doesn’t necessarily prove your point.
3. The trip to Paris proved to be an exciting escapade.
4. If you put in the effort to learn a new language, you’ll be able to travel the world and communicate with people from different cultures.
5. The director embarked on a new business venture by setting up a new company.
6. The company decided to make some changes to certain features of its infrastructure, such as its HR department.
7. The business soon branched out to different areas of the industry.
8. We are commited to providing the highest level of service anywhere
9. To achieve success, you must focus on your goals and work diligently towards achieving them.
10. Michael suggested pacing ourselves at the beginning of the project so that we wouldn’t be exhausted at the end.
11. Justin submitted his business proposal on the assumption that he could apply for additional funding.
12. The success of this project relies on everyone making an effort.
13. In spite of the fact that Charlie is a novice at computer games, he is quite a fast learner.
14. Even though the staff opposed the merger, nobody dared to contradict the director’s final decision to go ahead with it.
15. The organisation made a futile attempt to increase profits.
16. In a tough situation, it’s important to stay calm and composed in order to make rational decisions.
17. Harold waited in vain for a reply to his job application; and to his disappointment, someone else got the job.
18. Given that Alfred is more experienced, the company assigned the new project to him rather than to Mary.
19. Elon Musk is a highly successful entrepreneur who co-founded companies such as Tesla and SpaceX.
20. A special test was used to judge candidates’ fluid intelligence by assessing their ability to reason.
Unit 18
1. Read the text and try to figure out the meaning of the highlighted words.
Having a hobby or a pursuit is indispensable for many people. It is a way to relax, unwind and forget about the rush of everyday life. Some people even say that it is a way to propagate their interests and transmit them to others.
There are many different hobbies and pursuits out there, from sports like running or cycling, to more creative activities like painting or writing. Psychometric tests have shown that some people are naturally drawn to certain hobbies based on their personality traits. For example, someone who is detail-oriented might enjoy cultivating a garden or doing puzzles, while someone who is more outgoing might enjoy going on a trip or trying out new experiences.
One thing to keep in mind when pursuing a hobby is to not take it too seriously. While it can be fun to race against others or try to be the best at something, it is important to remember that the main goal is to have fun and enjoy oneself.
Finding the time to pursue our hobbies can be a whale of a job. Sometimes we have to burn the midnight oil to fit them into our busy schedules. However, the benefits of indulging in our passions are limitless. We become happier, more relaxed, and better equipped to handle the stresses of daily life.
2. Match the words with the definitions.
3. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. After a long day of work, I like to _____________________ by taking a hot bath and listening to calming music.
2. She was always _____________________ to the arts, so she pursued a degree in fine arts.
3. It’s important to _____________________ the potential risks involved before making a decision.
4. As a _____________________ person, I always make sure to double-check my work before submitting it.
5. _____________________ such as painting are popular hobbies.
6. _____________________ testing is used to examine workers’ intelligence and personality traits.
7. Once again, John is _____________________ working all night in order to finish his report.
8. Mr Richard was impressed and congratulated David on _____________________ that he had done on the new project.
9. Mobile phones have become indispensable to most people, and users often cannot do _____________________ them.
10. Being _____________________ has its advantages, as it allows me to easily engage with new people and form connections.
11. The new device is used to electronically _____________________ information to all departments.
12. The organisation works hard to effectively _____________________ and spread its ideas to its audience.
13. The CEO must be able to _____________________ high-pressure situations and make difficult decisions on a daily basis.
14. Some of the most important _____________________ for a successful leader include effective communication, strategic thinking, and resilience.
15. It’s always good to _____________________ new recipes when cooking, even if they’re not your usual go-to dishes.
16. Andrew _____________________ through the crowded street in an attempt to go as fast as he could to the meeting.
17. Amy is really tired as Mr Giles is _____________________ her to finish the project quickly by the end of the week.
18. While it’s important to take our work seriously, it’s equally crucial to _____________________ and enjoy the little moments in life.
19. Successful time management requires careful planning and sticking to _____________________ — even when things get busy.
20. Every now and then, it’s essential to _____________________ self-care practices such as meditation, yoga, or simply taking yourself out for a nice meal.
Key
Match the words with the definitions.
Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. After a long day of work, I like to unwind by taking a hot bath and listening to calming music.
2. She was always drawn to the arts, so she pursued a degree in fine arts.
3. It’s important to keep in mind the potential risks involved before making a decision.
4. As a detail-oriented person, I always make sure to double-check my work before submitting it.
5. Pursuits such as painting are popular hobbies.
6. Psychometric testing is used to examine workers’ intelligence and personality traits.
7. Once again, John is burning the midnight oil working all night in order to finish his report.
8. Mr Richard was impressed and congratulated David on a whale of a job that he had done on the new project.
9. Mobile phones have become indispensable to most people, and users often cannot do without them.
10. Being outgoing has its advantages, as it allows me to easily engage with new people and form connections.
11. The new device is used to electronically transmit information to all departments.
12. The organisation works hard to effectively propagate and spread its ideas to its audience.
13. The CEO must be able to handle high-pressure situations and make difficult decisions on a daily basis.
14. Some of the most important traits for a successful leader include effective communication, strategic thinking, and resilience.
15. It’s always good to try out new recipes when cooking, even if they’re not your usual go-to dishes.
16. Andrew raced through the crowded street in an attempt to go as fast as he could to the meeting.
17. Amy is really tired as Mr Giles is rushing her to finish the project quickly by the end of the week.
18. While it’s important to take our work seriously, it’s equally crucial to have fun and enjoy the little moments in life.
19. Successful time management requires careful planning and sticking to schedules — even when things get busy.
20. Every now and then, it’s essential to indulge in self-care practices such as meditation, yoga, or simply taking yourself out for a nice meal.
Unit 19
1. Read the text and try to figure out the meaning of the highlighted words.
In life, discipline is key to success. Without it, one may flounder and struggle to achieve their goals. If you’re struggling with discipline, it can be helpful to foster an environment that exudes motivation. This could mean surrounding yourself with positive influences or setting mandatory routines for yourself.
Of course, even with discipline, there may be times when we make mistakes. In some cases, these mistakes can lead to dismissal from a job. Your employer can give you notice or the boot, but it’s important to remember that being a lame duck won’t help anyone. Instead, try to evaluate what went wrong and how you can improve moving forward. So. if you’ve been given your walking papers, don’t lose hope. This can be a difficult experience, but it can also be a wake-up call to improve your skills and work harder.
We should always strive to take on challenges even when we have our work cut out for us. You may just need to do things the hard way and work even harder to find a new, lucrative opportunity. Sometimes we have to do a 180 and approach things in a different way to expedite our progress.
Remember, obstacles are a part of life, but they don’t have to hinder us forever. With determination and a positive attitude, you can overcome any challenge that comes your way. Just be sure to ooze confidence as you tackle each task. And if someone tries to do a job on you, stay strong and don’t let them bring you down.
2. Match the words with the definitions.
3. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. Wendy was given _____________________ when her supervisor saw her leaving the office much earlier than she was supposed to.
2. The _____________________ appraised the high-tech equipment in the company at approximately one million dollars.
3. The sales team _____________________ when they suddenly decided to use a completely new concept instead of the one that was originally planned.
4. The prospect of working abroad was an _____________________ idea that made Janet very excited.
5. The new system is a _____________________ that was never fit for purpose and doesn’t get used.
6. That’s terrible, Jim! Your competitor really _____________________ by stealing your clients!
7. Some candidates can find their job prospects _____________________ by lack of computer skills and experience.
8. Peter is really positive; he _____________________ confidence!
9. Much to the surprise of everyone, the director announced _____________________ of ten employees following funding cuts.
10. Most managers try to _____________________ and encourage effective collaboration among their employees.
11. Mike is _____________________ with all the extra work he has; he’ll never make his deadline.
12. Jack refused the help that his colleagues offered, preferring to _____________________ and learn on his own.
13. It is expected that Martin will be given _____________________; he is incompetent and constantly late for work.
14. In order to _____________________ the process, the company employed more staff on the project.
15. Gregory and his family run a highly _____________________ business that makes huge profits.
16. Denise clearly _____________________ pride when she boasts of her great new sales figures.
17. Maintaining classroom _____________________ is the first task of every teacher.
18. Although Mitch is the fastest worker in the office, he was given _____________________ by his boss and eventually lost his job.
19. Alison has _____________________ as she has to type the whole report over again.
20. Additional classes are _____________________ for all students and must be attended.
Key
Match the words with the definitions.
Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. Wendy was given her walking papers when her supervisor saw her leaving the office much earlier than she was supposed to.
2. The evaluator appraised the high-tech equipment in the company at approximately one million dollars.
3. The sales team did a 180 when they suddenly decided to use a completely new concept instead of the one that was originally planned.
4. The prospect of working abroad was an exhilarating idea that made Janet very excited.
5. The new system is a lame duck that was never fit for purpose and doesn’t get used.
6. That’s terrible, Jim! Your competitor really did a job on you by stealing your clients!
7. Some candidates can find their job prospects hindered by lack of computer skills and experience.
8. Peter is really positive; he oozes confidence!
9. Much to the surprise of everyone, the director announced the dismissal of ten employees following funding cuts.
10. Most managers try to foster and encourage effective collaboration among their employees.
11. Mike is floundering with all the extra work he has; he’ll never make his deadline.
12. Jack refused the help that his colleagues offered, preferring to do things the hard way and learn on his own.
13. It is expected that Martin will be given the boot; he is incompetent and constantly late for work.
14. In order to expedite the process, the company employed more staff on the project.
15. Gregory and his family run a highly lucrative business that makes huge profits.
16. Denise clearly exudes pride when she boasts of her great new sales figures.
17. Maintaining classroom discipline is the first task of every teacher.
18. Although Mitch is the fastest worker in the office, he was given notice by his boss and eventually lost his job.
19. Alison has her work cut out for her as she has to type the whole report over again.
20. Additional classes are mandatory for all students and must be attended.
Unit 20
1. Read the text and try to figure out the meaning of the highlighted words.
When it comes to travelling, there is a wide range of options available. You can rough it and camp in the wilderness or stay in a five-star hotel with all the amenities. It all depends on your budget and preferences. If you’re on a tight budget, you might have to make some sacrifices. For example, you might have to eat stale bread or sleep in a cramped room. But don’t worry, it’s all part of the adventure!
If you’re planning a trip, it’s important to consider your relationship with the place you’ll be visiting. Do you have family or friends there? Have you been there before? If not, it might be helpful to do some research beforehand to get a sense of what to expect.
Once you arrive at your destination, you’ll need to find a place to reside. This could be a hotel, hostel, or Airbnb. Make sure to book in advance to avoid any unpleasant surprises.
While traveling can be enjoyable and exciting, it is also likely to come with some challenges or difficulties along the way. Even the best-laid plans can succumb to unforeseen circumstances. Your flight might get cancelled, or you might get lost in an unfamiliar city. You might struggle with language barriers, cultural differences, or homesickness. In these moments, it’s important to stay focused and keep your wits about you. If you stay positive and talk yourself through the challenges, you’ll come out stronger on the other side.
At the end of the day, travelling is about more than just seeing new places. It’s about experiencing new cultures, meeting new people, and creating tangible memories that will last a lifetime. So go ahead, take a stroll down that unfamiliar street and see where it takes you. You never know what adventures await you!
2. Match the words with the definitions.
3. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. The Grand Canyon offers a_____________________ of breathtaking views for visitors to admire.
2. The topics we cover in class _____________________ from history to science to literature.
3. My_____________________ improved since we started communication therapy together.
4. I_____________________ in a small town on the outskirts of Chicago.
5. When backpacking through the mountains, it’s necessary to_____________________ and live off the land.
6. He_____________________ spoke a word during the entire meeting.
7. The hotel_____________________ included a luxurious spa, a fitness center, and a rooftop pool.
8. The bread was_____________________, so I didn’t enjoy my sandwich.
9. It’s often necessary to_____________________ in order to achieve one’s goals.
10. When traveling alone in a foreign country, it’s important to_____________________ and stay alert.
11. A quality pair of boots can_____________________ if cared for properly.
12. After moving away for college, Jane experienced_____________________ for the first time.
13. When faced with adversity, some people are able to_____________________ than before.
14. After dinner, we decided to_____________________ along the beach and watch the sunset.
15. Many people_____________________ with public speaking, even seasoned professionals.
16. Despite his best efforts, he eventually_____________________ to fatigue and fell asleep.
17. She_____________________ skimmed the article without truly understanding its content.
18. When dealing with a difficult client, it’s important to approach the situation_____________________.
19. The tech support representative_____________________ me through the process of resetting my password.
20. The_____________________ benefits of exercise include increased energy levels and improved cardiovascular health.
Key
Match the words with the definitions.
Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. The Grand Canyon offers a range of breathtaking views for visitors to admire.
2. The topics we cover in class range from history to science to literature.
3. My relationship with my sister has improved since we started communication therapy together.
4. I reside in a small town on the outskirts of Chicago.
5. When backpacking through the mountains, it’s necessary to rough it and live off the land.
6. He scarcely spoke a word during the entire meeting.
7. The hotel amenities included a luxurious spa, a fitness center, and a rooftop pool.
8. The bread was stale, so I didn’t enjoy my sandwich.
9. It’s often necessary to make sacrifices in order to achieve one’s goals.
10. When traveling alone in a foreign country, it’s important to keep your wits about you and stay alert.
11. A quality pair of boots can last a lifetime if cared for properly.
12. After moving away for college, Jane experienced homesickness for the first time.
13. When faced with adversity, some people are able to come out stronger than before.
14. After dinner, we decided to take a stroll along the beach and watch the sunset.
15. Many people struggle with public speaking, even seasoned professionals.
16. Despite his best efforts, he eventually succumbed to fatigue and fell asleep.
17. She superficially skimmed the article without truly understanding its content.
18. When dealing with a difficult client, it’s important to approach the situation tactfully.
19. The tech support representative talked me through the process of resetting my password.
20. The tangible benefits of exercise include increased energy levels and improved cardiovascular health.
Unit 21
1. Read the text and try to figure out the meaning of the highlighted words.
In today’s world, having credentials is important for getting a job. However, getting those credentials can be a daunting task. It requires hard work and dedication. Sometimes, it may seem like your efforts are spiraling out of control and you may feel discouraged by the challenges. But in hindsight, all of the effort will be worth it.
When it comes to getting credentials. the first thing that you should consider is taking an aptitude test. It’s designed to help you determine your strengths and weaknesses. This can prevent you from going down the wrong path. It’s important to remember that assumptions about our capabilities can sometimes belie the true nature of our potential. With perseverance and hard work, we can achieve more than we ever thought possible. Beyond that, it’s important to believe in yourself and not let others taint your dreams. Applaud yourself for your accomplishments, even if they seem small.
To gain experience and build your credentials, you may apply for an internship. An internship can serve as a stepping stone towards your career goals. It provides an incentive for you to work harder and instills valuable skills that you can recount in future job interviews. Your employer can vouch for your work ethic and provide a positive recommendation.
Remember, every endeavour requires effort and dedication. Don’t overstate your abilities, but also don’t underestimate them. With hard work and perseverance, you can achieve anything you set your mind to.
2. Match the words with the definitions.
3. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. John got the job because of his excellent _____________________; he is highly qualified.
2. Andrew had to do an _____________________ in order that his employer would be able to check his skills and abilities.
3. Don’s supervisor _____________________ for his positive attitude and confirmed his collaboration skills.
4. Excellent teaching material can motivate students and give them an _____________________ to continue working hard.
5. Greg’s _____________________ lasted for one year, providing him with additional experience for a business graduate.
6. We can solve this problem if we _____________________ to it.
7. George _____________________ everything that Roger proposed during the project meeting.
8. _____________________, Jack regrets not having accepted the position; it would probably have been the best thing to do.
9. Many duties require workers to think _____________________ as opposed to literally.
10. Martin _____________________ in detail all the things he did on his one-year training course.
11. Matt manages the front desk; _____________________, he also trains new inductees.
12. Mr Jones managed to _____________________ a sense of responsibility in his students by showing them how to take charge of their studies.
13. Participating in the training programme was a little _____________________ at first but she soon got over her nerves.
14. Sarah’s friends all helped her in her _____________________ to collect donations for charity.
15. The director _____________________ Brenda’s impressive ideas and approved of her proposals.
16. The importance of effective collaboration among employees cannot be _____________________.
17. The problem with the project is in danger of _____________________.
18. The training course proved to be the _____________________ which helped James to find a job.
19. The unfortunate incident in the office may have _____________________ Samantha’s reputation.
20. People tend to make _____________________ about you when you have a disability.
Key
Match the words with the definitions.
Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. John got the job because of his excellent credentials; he is highly qualified.
2. Andrew had to do an aptitude test in order that his employer would be able to check his skills and abilities.
3. Don’s supervisor vouched for his positive attitude and confirmed his collaboration skills.
4. Excellent teaching material can motivate students and give them an incentive to continue working hard.
5. Greg’s internship lasted for one year, providing him with additional experience for a business graduate.
6. We can solve this problem if we set our minds to it.
7. George belied everything that Roger proposed during the project meeting.
8. In hindsight, Jack regrets not having accepted the position; it would probably have been the best thing to do.
9. Many duties require workers to think abstractly as opposed to literally.
10. Martin recounted in detail all the things he did on his one-year training course.
11. Matt manages the front desk; beyond that, he also trains new inductees.
12. Mr Jones managed to instil a sense of responsibility in his students by showing them how to take charge of their studies.
13. Participating in the training programme was a little daunting at first but she soon got over her nerves.
14. Sarah’s friends all helped her in her endeavour to collect donations for charity.
15. The director applauded Brenda’s impressive ideas and approved of her proposals.
16. The importance of effective collaboration among employees cannot be overstated.
17. The problem with the project is in danger of spiralling out of control.
18. The training course proved to be the stepping stone which helped James to find a job.
19. The unfortunate incident in the office may have tainted Samantha’s reputation.
20. People tend to make assumptions about you when you have a disability.
Unit 22
1. Read the text and try to figure out the meaning of the highlighted words.
When planning a trip, there are many factors to consider. One important factor is the destination itself. Do you want to go somewhere scenic and picturesque, or do you prefer a bustling city?
Another factor to consider is the resources available to you. Do you have the financial resources to travel abroad, or will you need to stay closer to home? If you’re considering a transatlantic trip, it’s important to adjust your expectations accordingly. The culture and customs may be vastly different from what you’re used to. It’s important to be amiable and empathetic towards those you meet on your travels.
Co-ordination is key when planning any trip. Make sure to co-ordinate with your travel companions so that everyone is on the same page. This can help avoid any impulsive decisions that may exacerbate tensions during the trip.
When evaluating potential destinations, it’s important to be fact-orientated. Look up reviews and gather information about the location before making a decision. This can help you make a decisive choice that you’ll be happy with. Once you’ve decided on a destination, it’s time to plan your itinerary.
A methodical approach can help ensure that you make the most of your trip. However, it’s also important to leave room for spontaneity and exploration. Finally, remember to release any stress or worries you may have about the trip. Take a deep breath and enjoy the experience. Whether it’s an expansion of your horizons or simply a chance to relax and unwind, travel can be a wonderful opportunity to get a sense of adventure and satisfy your curiosity.
2. Match the words with the definitions.
3. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. Transatlantic flights between America and Europe are now quicker than ever; it only takes _____________________ to fly from New York to London.
2. The _____________________ of tourism in the area led to more land being developed into holiday resorts.
3. The Maldives are full of gorgeous beaches that are very _____________________!
4. The influx of tourists during holiday season puts added pressure on the town and _____________________ the problems of congestion usually faced by local residents.
5. The factory’s waste pipes _____________________ industrial chemicals into rivers and waterways.
6. Before we start the project, we need to have a meeting to make sure we are _____________________ about the goals and objectives.
7. The beach on the tropical island is very _____________________; the white sand and crystal clear waters are breathtaking!
8. _____________________, such as fresh drinking water, are very important for a country and its people; without them, no one can survive.
9. John’s research was _____________________ and was mainly based on real information.
10. Jack is very organised and has a _____________________ approach for checking every detail in his work.
11. My _____________________ includes visits to all the major museums in Paris and Berlin.
12. Eric is certainly _____________________ and believes he can order his employees around.
13. Don managed to _____________________ all the members of the group and set them their tasks.
14. Denise is so _____________________ at work; she never hesitates, and she’s very confident in her choices.
15. Bob _____________________ his writing style by making his vocabulary slightly more diverse.
16. Being _____________________ and compassionate, Jake is highly appreciated by all of his colleagues.
17. Being such an _____________________ communicator, Bob is good at clearly showing how he feels.
18. Being rash and _____________________, Scott regrets not having previously considered the effects of his actions.
19. Aunt Jenny is so _____________________ that all the family enjoys spending time with her.
20. Analytical thinkers often have excellent _____________________ skills as they assess situations carefully.
Key
Match the words with the definitions.
Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. Transatlantic flights between America and Europe are now quicker than ever; it only takes seven hours to fly from New York to London.
2. The expansion of tourism in the area led to more land being developed into holiday resorts.
3. The Maldives are full of gorgeous beaches that are very scenic!
4. The influx of tourists during holiday season puts added pressure on the town, and exacerbates the problems of congestion usually faced by local residents.
5. The factory’s waste pipes release industrial chemicals into rivers and waterways.
6. Before we start the project, we need to have a meeting to make sure we are on the same page about the goals and objectives.
7. The beach on the tropical island is very picturesque; the white sand and crystal clear waters are breathtaking!
8. Resources, such as fresh drinking water, are very important for a country and its people; without them no one can survive.
9. John’s research was fact-orientated and was mainly based on real information.
10. Jack is very organised and has a methodical approach for checking every detail in his work.
11. My itinerary includes visits to all the major museums in Paris and Berlin.
12. Eric is certainly dominating and believes he can order his employees around.
13. Don managed to co-ordinate all the members of the group and set them their tasks.
14. Denise is so decisive at work; she never hesitates and she’s very confident in her choices.
15. Bob adjusted his writing style by making his vocabulary slightly more diverse.
16. Being empathetic and compassionate, Jake is highly appreciated by all of his colleagues.
17. Being such an expressive communicator, Bob is good at clearly showing how he feels.
18. Being rash and impulsive, Scott regrets not having previously considered the effects of his actions.
19. Aunt Jenny is so amiable that all the family enjoy spending time with her.
20. Analytical thinkers often have excellent evaluation skills as they assess situations carefully.
Unit 23
1. Read the text and try to figure out the meaning of the highlighted words.
In today’s society, there are many different personalities and characteristics that people possess. They have their genesis in a multitude of factors, including genetics, upbringing, and life experiences. Some individuals may be perfectionists, always striving for excellence in everything they do. Others may be more spontaneous, going with the flow and living in the moment. There are also those who are submissive, preferring to follow rather than lead.
One thing that is substantially important for all individuals is having a vision for their future. A visionary person can see beyond the present moment and has a clear idea of what they want to achieve in life. They have the ability to grasp opportunities, set goals and work towards them with dedication and determination.
Another important trait is decency. Being decent means treating others with respect and kindness, regardless of their background or beliefs. It is an ethical value that should be upheld at all times.
On the other hand, egoism is a negative characteristic that can hinder personal growth and relationships with others. People who are too self-centered often lack empathy and disregard the feelings of others. It is important to balance one’s own needs with the needs of those around them.
In today’s hyper-connected world, it is easy to get caught up in materialistic values and lose sight of what truly matters. However, it is important to stay grounded and appreciate the rarity of true connections that come from genuine human interaction. Fleeting moments of joy may come from material goods, but lasting happiness comes from within.
In conclusion, there are many different traits and values that make up a person’s personality. By striving for decency, empathy, and ethical behavior, we can create a formidable force for positive change in the world. By pursuing our vision with dedication and resilience, we can achieve great things and create real masterpieces.
2. Match the words with the definitions.
3. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. She has long been recognized as a _____________________ leader in the green technology sector.
2. The festival finds its _____________________ in ancient Maori culture.
3. Terri and Anne share a _____________________ friendship; they would do anything for each other.
4. Success in business depends _____________________ on effective management skills; they’re essential.
5. Steve is so _____________________ and eager to please that he ends up taking on more work than he can handle.
6. Sally’s _____________________ is a big problem; she’s so vain and arrogant!
7. Roberta has a lot of _____________________ and is able to understand her friends’ feelings.
8. Rick has possessed a natural _____________________ since he was a child, and is always polite and well-mannered.
9. Mary failed to _____________________ the task and didn’t understand what she was supposed to do.
10. Mark laments the _____________________ of strong friendships and wonders why they are so uncommon nowadays!
11. Maggie tends to be very _____________________ and does things on the spur of the moment whenever she feels like it.
12. Laura is such a _____________________; she is constantly preoccupied with purchasing new clothes.
13. Jackie and Sandra are amazed at the _____________________ of their friendship; they’ve known each other for fifty years!
14. It isn’t _____________________ to try to cheat in an exam; it’s morally wrong.
15. _____________________, nowadays, allows global communication online in an instant.
16. Henry is such a _____________________, always checking over his work making sure that it’s only of the highest quality!
17. Having satisfying relationships at work offers _____________________ benefits to employees.
18. «Hamlet’ is widely regarded as one of Shakespeare’s greatest _____________________.
19. Enjoying a sweet dessert is a _____________________ pleasure that never lasts long.
20. Andrea was grateful for having _____________________ luck and never finding herself in hardship.
Key
Match the words with the definitions.
Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. She has long been recognized as a visionary leader in the green technology sector.
2. The festival finds its genesis in ancient Maori culture.
3. Terri and Anne share a genuine friendship; they would do anything for each other.
4. Success in business depends substantially on effective management skills; they’re essential.
5. Steve is so submissive and eager to please that he ends up taking on more work than he can handle.
6. Sally’s egoism is a big problem; she’s so vain and arrogant!
7. Roberta has a lot of empathy and is able to understand her friends’ feelings.
8. Rick has possessed a natural decency since he was a child, and is always polite and well-mannered.
9. Mary failed to grasp the task and didn’t understand what she was supposed to do.
10. Mark laments the rarity of strong friendships, and wonders why they are so uncommon nowadays!
11. Maggie tends to be very spontaneous and does things on the spur of the moment whenever she feels like it.
12. Laura is such a materialist; she is constantly preoccupied with purchasing new clothes.
13. Jackie and Sandra are amazed at the resilience of their friendship; they’ve known each other for fifty years!
14. It isn’t ethical to try to cheat in an exam; it’s morally wrong.
15. Hyper-connectivity, nowadays, allows global communication online in an instant.
16. Henry is such a perfectionist, always checking over his work making sure that it’s only of the highest quality!
17. Having satisfying relationships at work offers formidable benefits to employees.
18. «Hamlet’ is widely regarded as one of Shakespeare’s greatest masterpieces.
19. Enjoying a sweet dessert is a fleeting pleasure that never lasts long.
20. Andrea was grateful for having decent luck and never finding herself in hardship.
Unit 24
1. Read the text and try to figure out the meaning of the highlighted words.
Living a virtuous life is something that many of us aspire to. But what does it really mean to be virtuous? It means having high moral standards and behaving in a way that is considered good and right. Virtue is often contrasted with vice, which refers to behaviour that is immoral or harmful.
One of the most important virtues is sincerity. Being sincere means being honest and truthful in all your dealings with others. It also means being true to yourself and your own values. When you are sincere, people trust you and respect you.
Another important virtue is productivity. This means doing things that are useful and productive. It means using your time and resources wisely, and not wasting them on short-lived pleasures or frivolous pursuits.
Being amiable and agreeable is also important. This means being friendly and easy to get along with. When you are amiable, you are able to build strong relationships with others and create a positive social environment.
Sometimes being bold as brass can be necessary. This means being assertive and confident, even when faced with difficult situations. It means standing up for yourself and your beliefs, even when others try to put you down. However, it is important to be astute and aware of how your behaviour affects others. Being brusque or rude can damage relationships and cause unnecessary conflict.
Ultimately, the utility of developing virtues and positive behaviours cannot be overstated. Being virtuous doesn’t mean being serious all the time. We should strive to be bright as a button and spread joy wherever we go.
2. Match the words with the definitions.
3. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. _____________________ people maximise their potential by doing their best in all aspects of their lives.
2. William is a _____________________ man; he would never accept a bribe or steal.
3. They waste their time and money on _____________________ things.
4. Unfortunately, Tina and Erica’s _____________________ friendship only lasted during their holiday, as they never saw each other again.
5. They enjoyed a trusting and _____________________ working relationship, which lasted for more than two years.
6. The crowd began happily _____________________ when their team scored a goal.
7. Ted and Paul had a friendship of _____________________; they only met when they needed something from each other.
8. Susie is very _____________________ because she is so friendly.
9. John is known for his exceptional conduct and friendly _____________________ in the office.
10. Joe is very intelligent and _____________________, so I’m pretty sure he’ll find a solution soon enough.
11. Paula _____________________ that Steve was the best person for the job.
12. Erica tried to pick up her cat, but it managed to _____________________ from her arms.
13. Despite being new, Scott walked up to the manager _____________________ and told him exactly what he thought of the company.
14. David was often blunt and impolite and was strongly disliked because of his _____________________ manners.
15. Being _____________________ and perceptive, Laura was able to assess the situation and make the right decision.
16. Being selfish is a _____________________ that Julie needs to grow out of; there’s no need to be so self-centered.
17. I don’t really _____________________ with my sister’s husband.
18. Why did you have to _____________________ me _____________________ in front of everybody like that?
19. Although both men pretended to be happy to see each other, their greeting lacked _____________________ and was clearly not genuine.
20. A simple act of _____________________, such as collecting donations for charity, can make a huge difference to someone’s life.
Key
Match the words with the definitions.
Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. Self-actualised people maximise their potential by doing their best in all aspects of their lives.
2. William is a virtuous man; he would never accept a bribe or steal.
3. They waste their time and money on frivolous things.
4. Unfortunately, Tina and Erica’s short-lived friendship only lasted during their holiday, as they never saw each other again.
5. They enjoyed a trusting and stable working relationship, which lasted for more than two years.
6. The crowd began happily cheering when their team scored a goal.
7. Ted and Paul had a friendship of utility; they only met when they needed something from each other.
8. Susie is very agreeable because she is so friendly.
9. John is known for his exceptional conduct and friendly behaviour in the office.
10. Joe is very intelligent and bright as a button, so I’m pretty sure he’ll find a solution soon enough.
11. Paula asserted that Steve was the best person for the job.
12. Erica tried to pick up her cat, but it managed to break away from her arms.
13. Despite being new, Scott walked up to the manager bold as brass and told him exactly what he thought of the company.
14. David was often blunt and impolite and was strongly disliked because of his brusque manners.
15. Being astute and perceptive, Laura was able to assess the situation and make the right decision.
16. Being selfish is a vice that Julie needs to grow out of; there’s no need to be so self-centred.
17. I don’t really get along with my sister’s husband.
18. Why did you have to put me down in front of everybody like that?
19. Although both men pretended to be happy to see each other, their greeting lacked sincerity and was clearly not genuine.
20. A simple act of virtue, such as collecting donations for charity, can make a huge difference to someone’s life.
Unit 25
1. Read the text and try to figure out the meaning of the highlighted words.
Personality traits are the unique characteristics that define a person. They can be good or bad, but they define us and shape our future.
An extrovert is someone who is cool as a cucumber in social settings and constantly craves attention. They are gregarious and love to hobnob with others. They are often effusive in their interactions and hanker after the thrill of meeting new people. Introverts, on the other hand, tend to hold their tongue in social situations and exchange no more than a few words with others. They may feel uncomfortable in social situations and may flinch at the thought of having to speak in public. They might gape at extroverts who seem so at ease in social situations, wondering how they do it. However, this doesn’t mean that introverts can’t be daring.
Some people might be dogmatic in their ways and hold onto their beliefs without any room for change or improvement. They may grimace at the thought of trying something new or emulating someone else’s methods. This kind of conceit can be harmful and prevent personal growth. It’s important to clarify misunderstandings or miscommunications with others. And remember, just because someone seems dull as ditchwater on the surface, it doesn’t mean they don’t have interesting habits and stories to share.
2. Match the words with the definitions.
3. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. We’re so glad Peter got the role on the TV programme; he’s _____________________ after fame since he was a child.
2. The consultant _____________________ his point by going on to explain the reasons behind his actions.
3. The children _____________________ when they heard the loud bang in the street.
4. Terri _____________________ in pain when she stubbed her toe.
5. Surprisingly, Jack was not in the least nervous on his first day at work; in fact, he was _____________________.
6. Stuart is _____________________; all he ever does is ramble on about the same old boring things!
7. People view Bob as a _____________________ businessman because he isn’t afraid to take risks.
8. My supervisor is really _____________________ and often refuses to listen to any of our opinions.
9. My brother has the _____________________ of grinding his teeth; he often doesn’t even realize that he’s doing it!
10. Mark’s _____________________ became apparent in his arrogant attitude towards his friends.
11. Mandy is a _____________________ and sociable girl who enjoys going out with her friends.
12. Kevin _____________________ in disbelief at Peter’s remark; not believing what he had just heard.
13. The president seemed _____________________ during the press conference, and even cracked a few jokes.
14. It’s common for children to _____________________ the heroes they admire, by copying their actions.
15. In his speech, the supervisor was _____________________ in his praise for the workers, showing how satisfied he was with their level of work.
16. Given the small break they were allowed, the two consultants _____________________ with each other.
17. Employees are advised not to disclose information and _____________________ regarding confidential corporate issues.
18. During the conference, Mr. Henderson was seen _____________________ with distinguished people.
19. Colin is an _____________________ and always seems to enjoy being with people.
20. Ann _____________________ the limelight and has a strong desire to be a famous actress someday.
Key
Match the words with the definitions.
Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. We’re so glad Peter got the role on the TV programme; he’s hankered after fame since he was a child.
2. The consultant clarified his point by going on to explain the reasons behind his actions.
3. The children flinched when they heard the loud bang in the street.
4. Terri grimaced in pain when she stubbed her toe.
5. Surprisingly, Jack was not in the least nervous on his first day at work; in fact he was cool as a cucumber.
6. Stuart is dull as ditchwater; all he ever does is ramble on about the same old boring things!
7. People view Bob as a daring businessman because he isn’t afraid to take risks.
8. My supervisor is really dogmatic and often refuses to listen to any of our opinions.
9. My brother has the habit of grinding his teeth; he often doesn’t even realise that he’s doing it!
10. Mark’s conceit became apparent in his arrogant attitude towards his friends.
11. Mandy is a gregarious and sociable girl who enjoys going out with her friends.
12. Kevin gaped in disbelief at Peter’s remark; not believing what he had just heard.
13. The president seemed at ease during the press conference, and even cracked a few jokes.
14. It’s common for children to emulate the heroes they admire, by copying their actions.
15. In his speech, the supervisor was effusive in his praise for the workers, showing how satisfied he was with their level of work.
16. Given the small break they were allowed, the two consultants exchanged no more than a few words with each other.
17. Employees are advised not to disclose information and hold their tongue regarding confidential corporate issues.
18. During the conference, Mr Henderson was seen hobnobbing with distinguished people.
19. Colin is an extrovert and always seems to enjoy being with people.
20. Ann craves the limelight and has a strong desire to be a famous actress some day.
Unit 26
1. Read the text and try to figure out the meaning of the highlighted words.
Have you ever met someone who is very laid-back and calm, but also meticulous in their work? These people are often very industrious and have a great work ethic. On the other hand, there are those who are impetuous and impulsive, making decisions without thinking them through. They may be described as having an impertinent attitude towards authority figures, which can lead to trouble.
Sometimes people can be inhibited or introverted, which means they may not always feel comfortable making small talk with others. This can cause irritation in social situations, especially if they are surrounded by people who are more outgoing. However, it’s important to remember that everyone has their own unique personality traits. Some people are known for not mincing their words, even if it may come across as insolent or obstinate. Others may paint a pretty picture of themselves, but their actions may show otherwise. It’s important to be aware of these tendencies in ourselves and others, as they can greatly affect our relationships and interactions with others.
If you ever find yourself in a situation where you need help, don’t be afraid to implore someone to assist you. It’s okay to ask for help when we need it, and it shows strength rather than weakness. Additionally, if we find ourselves feeling morose or down, it’s important to move away from negative thoughts and focus on the positive aspects of our lives.
Finally, some people may have a penchant for being impassive or emotionless. While this may seem like a negative trait, it can also be useful in situations where it’s important to remain calm and level-headed. Overall, it’s important to embrace our unique personalities and strive to become the best versions of ourselves.
2. Match the words with the definitions.
3. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. Tom is somewhat _____________________ today; he seems very gloomy.
2. The secretary remained _____________________ throughout the meeting without showing any emotion whatsoever.
3. The salesman was so _____________________, adamantly refusing to lower the price.
4. The project manager was _____________________, and always worked extremely hard.
5. In most political speeches, the politicians try to _____________________ of the current situation in their country.
6. Sarah used to feel very socially _____________________ but eventually managed to overcome her shyness.
7. Rupert has a strong _____________________ for sailing, and really likes watching sailing races on television.
8. Robert is very good at _____________________ with people he doesn’t know at parties.
9. Nobody was surprised with Mr. Harris’s strict criticism as he was known for _____________________ his words.
10. Mr. Harris expressed his _____________________ at Melinda’s bad behavior; he was furious!
11. Mel is _____________________ for his bad temper, so everyone knows that it’s wise not to upset him.
12. Kate is an _____________________, and prefers to be alone rather than go out with friends.
13. Justin usually had a _____________________ attitude to his work and would often seem relaxed and carefree.
14. Jennifer is _____________________ with her work; she does everything very carefully.
15. Jake _____________________ the workers to work faster on the project, emphasizing the company’s need to meet the deadline.
16. Craig was both _____________________ and disrespectful to his friend.
17. Billy was sent to his room for being very _____________________ and rude to his mother.
18. Bill stepped back slightly to _____________________ Tim and allow him enough room.
19. Being _____________________ and impulsive, Scott regrets not having previously considered the effects of his actions.
20. As he was young and inexperienced, Michael was _____________________ and impetuous in most of his reactions.
Key
Match the words with the definitions.
Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. Tom is somewhat morose today; he seems very gloomy.
2. The secretary remained impassive throughout the meeting without showing any emotion whatsoever.
3. The salesman was so obstinate, adamantly refusing to lower the price.
4. The project manager was industrious, and always worked extremely hard.
5. In most political speeches, the politicians try to paint a pretty picture of the current situation in their country.
6. Sarah used to feel very socially inhibited but eventually managed to overcome her shyness.
7. Rupert has a strong penchant for sailing, and really likes watching sailing races on television.
8. Robert is very good at making polite small talk with people he doesn’t know at parties.
9. Nobody was surprised with Mr Harris’s strict criticism as he was known for not mincing his words.
10. Mr Harris expressed his irritation at Melinda’s bad behaviour; he was furious!
11. Mel is notorious for his bad temper, so everyone knows that it’s wise not to upset him.
12. Kate is an introvert, and prefers to be alone rather than go out with friends.
13. Justin usually had a laid-back attitude to his work and would often seem relaxed and carefree.
14. Jennifer is meticulous with her work; she does everything very carefully.
15. Jake implored the workers to work faster on the project, emphasizing the company’s need to meet the deadline.
16. Craig was both impertinent and disrespectful to his friend.
17. Billy was sent to his room for being very insolent and rude to his mother.
18. Bill stepped back slightly to move away from Tim and allow him enough room.
19. Being rash and impulsive, Scott regrets not having previously considered the effects of his actions.
20. As he was young and inexperienced, Michael was hasty and impetuous in most of his reactions.
Unit 27
1. Read the text and try to figure out the meaning of the highlighted words.
Have you ever met someone who is always pessimistic? They have a tendency to see the negative side of things and are never happy with what they have. It’s not easy to be around such people, especially when they pout and scowl at everything and everyone. It is hard not to feel resentment towards them.
On the other hand, there are those who are proud as a peacock and always seem to have everything under control. They rub shoulders with the right people and know how to get ahead in life. These individuals are often shrewd and strong-willed, never letting anyone stand in their way. However, sometimes their smugness can make others feel uncomfortable, causing them to smirk or snort in disapproval.
Then there are those who are sentimental and wear their heart on their sleeve. They may spill the beans about their personal life without realizing it, making others squirm with discomfort. But despite their emotional tendencies, they are solid as a rock and always there for their friends and family.
Lastly, there are those who steer clear of drama and conflict, shrugging off any negativity that comes their way. They may appear stubborn as a mule, but in reality, they just don’t want to waste their time on things that don’t matter. When confronted with criticism, they simply retort with a calm and collected response.
In conclusion, we all have different personalities and ways of dealing with life’s challenges. Whether we are pessimistic or strong-willed, sentimental or shrewd, it’s important to respect each other’s differences and find common ground. After all, we’re all human beings trying to navigate through this crazy world together.
2. Match the words with the definitions.
3. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise.
1. When Josh got promoted, he felt _____________________; he thinks he’s really special now!
2. When asked if he wanted to go out tonight, Larry _____________________ indifferently.
3. The more Mary was praised for her excellent work, the more she glowed in _____________________.
4. The little girl started _____________________ uncomfortably as her mother tried to brush her tangled hair.
5. The entertainment reporter often _____________________ with the famous stars at parties and events.
6. Sarah is very _____________________; she never gives up on her goals.
7. Mary has the _____________________ to talk too much when she is excited.
8. Kevin _____________________ so everyone knew about Mike’s plans for the surprise party.
9. Jack _____________________ in a very smug, unpleasant way when he heard my bad news.
10. If you are sensible, you’ll _____________________ of Ben for a while; he’s in a terrible mood at the moment.
11. Ian _____________________ at Wendy, giving her an angry look, when she refused to help him.
12. Throughout the firm’s problems, the sales team could depend on Andrew because they know he is _____________________.
13. Emma _____________________ in disapproval when she noticed her files had been left on the table.
14. Craig is quite _____________________; he always expects the worst to happen.
15. Cassie’s _____________________ at not having been invited to the meeting was obvious; she’s very bitter.
16. Being _____________________, Henry rarely admits to making any mistakes.
17. Being _____________________, Mary kept her daughter’s toys because they reminded her of how she felt at that time.
18. As a result of the director’s quick judgment and _____________________ decision-making, the company’s profits rose considerably.
19. Andrea _____________________ and sulked in the corner of the room when her mother refused to let her go out.
20. «How dare you say that!» Jeff _____________________ angrily.
Key
Match the words with the definitions.
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