
Предисловие
Дорогие читатели!
Моя цель была проста, но амбициозна: собрать в одной книге грамматические темы и конструкции, которые необходимы для успешной сдачи ОГЭ, и сделать это понятно и удобно для школьников.
Я постаралась структурировать материал таким образом, чтобы каждая тема объяснялась максимально ясно на русском языке, подкреплялась примерами на английском, а упражнения помогали закреплять знания на практике. Особое внимание я уделила устойчивым сочетаниям слов, фразовым глаголам, употреблению артиклей, местоимений и числительных — тем аспектам, которые чаще всего вызывают трудности у учащихся.
Книга рассчитана на уровень B1 и подходит для самостоятельного изучения и повторения пройденного материала. Я включила примеры из повседневной жизни, истории и полезные списки, чтобы обучение было интересным и полезным.
Желаю вам успехов, уверенности и радости в изучении английского языка!
Vocabulary Units and Set Phrases
Grammar Focus
Лексические единицы и речевые клише — это слова, словосочетания и устойчивые выражения, которые часто используются в английской речи. Они помогают строить правильные и понятные предложения, делают речь естественной и логичной.
Примеры:
Good morning! — Доброе утро!
How are you? — Как дела?
I am interested in… — Я интересуюсь…
I like reading books. — Мне нравится читать книги.
It depends on the situation. — Это зависит от ситуации.
Правила и советы для школьников:
Используй речевые клише в повседневной речи, чтобы говорить естественно.
Лексические единицы часто входят в устойчивые выражения, которые не изменяются.
Повторяй слова и выражения в разных контекстах для лучшего запоминания.
Сочетай новые слова с уже известными выражениями, чтобы расширять словарный запас.
Story
Alex is a student who enjoys learning English. Every morning, he greets his classmates with «Good morning!» and asks, «How are you?» During the lessons, he often says, «I am interested in history» or «I like reading books.» When the teacher asks about his homework, he replies, «It depends on the situation.» At lunchtime, Alex talks with his friends and uses phrases like «I think this is a good idea» or «I don’t agree with you.» In the afternoon, he goes to the library and practices English by reading simple texts and repeating useful expressions. In the evening, Alex writes a diary in English, writing sentences such as «Today I learned new words» and «I am happy because I spoke with my friends in English.» By using set phrases and common vocabulary units, Alex feels more confident and can express his thoughts clearly. Using these expressions every day helps him remember them faster and speak naturally.
Useful Words and Expressions
Good morning! — Доброе утро!
How are you? — Как дела?
I am interested in… — Я интересуюсь…
I like reading books — Мне нравится читать книги
It depends on the situation — Это зависит от ситуации
I think this is a good idea — Я думаю, это хорошая идея
I don’t agree with you — Я не согласен с тобой
During the lessons — На уроках
At lunchtime — Во время обеда
In the afternoon — После обеда
In the evening — Вечером
To greet classmates — Приветствовать одноклассников
To practice English — Практиковать английский
To write a diary — Вести дневник
Useful expressions — Полезные выражения
Set phrases — Устойчивые фразы
To express thoughts — Выражать мысли
Confident — Уверенный
Naturally — Естественно
To remember words — Запоминать слова
Exercises
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks
Insert the correct phrase from the box:
(Good morning! / I like reading books / How are you? / It depends on the situation)
— ___! — Hi, Tom!
— What do you enjoy in your free time? — ___
— Can we go to the park tomorrow? — ___
— ___ How is your day? — It is good.
Exercise 2: Multiple choice
Choose the correct answer:
Alex greets his classmates in the ___
a) evening
b) morning
c) night
To express your opinion politely, you can say:
a) I don’t agree with you
b) I am interested in
c) Both are correct
When talking about preferences, use:
a) I like reading books
b) Good morning
c) How are you?
To describe a situation that changes, use:
a) It depends on the situation
b) I think this is a good idea
c) Confident
Practicing expressions helps you speak ___
a) naturally
b) quickly
c) loudly
Exercise 3: Personal questions (Answer in 2–3 sentences)
Which phrases do you use every day in English?
What expressions help you communicate with classmates?
How do you remember new words and phrases?
Do you like using set phrases in your speech? Why?
What is your favorite phrase from today’s story? Why?
Answer Key
Exercise 1:
Good morning!
I like reading books
It depends on the situation
How are you?
Exercise 2:
b) morning
c) Both are correct
a) I like reading books
a) It depends on the situation
a) naturally
Exercise 3:
I use «Good morning!» when I see my classmates in the morning. I also say «How are you?» to ask about their day. These phrases help me start conversations politely.
Expressions like «I don’t agree with you» and «I think this is a good idea» help me express my opinion clearly. I use them during lessons and group activities. They make my speech more natural.
I repeat new words and phrases several times a day. I also try to use them in sentences or write them in my diary. This helps me remember vocabulary more effectively.
Yes, I like using set phrases because they make my speech fluent and understandable. They also help me feel confident when speaking English. I can express my thoughts more naturally with these phrases.
My favorite phrase is «It depends on the situation» because it is useful in many contexts. I can use it to give careful and accurate answers. It helps me communicate correctly.
Mini Tips for Students
Повторяйте речевые клише вслух каждый день.
Старайтесь использовать новые выражения в речи сразу после изучения.
Связывайте новые слова и фразы с реальными ситуациями для лучшего запоминания.
100 Лексических единиц и речевых клише
1. Приветствия и общение
Good morning! — Доброе утро!
How are you? — Как дела?
Nice to meet you — Приятно познакомиться
See you later — До встречи
Take care — Береги себя
How is your day going? — Как проходит твой день?
Long time no see — Давно не виделись
What’s up? — Как дела? / Что нового?
It’s nice to see you — Приятно тебя видеть
I’m glad to hear that — Рад это слышать
2. Выражение интересов и предпочтений
I am interested in… — Я интересуюсь…
I am keen on… — Я увлекаюсь…
I like doing something — Мне нравится делать что-то
I don’t mind doing something — Я не против что-то делать
I’d rather do something — Я бы предпочёл сделать что-то
My favourite… is… — Мой любимый…
I enjoy doing something — Мне нравится заниматься чем-то
I prefer doing something — Я предпочитаю делать что-то
I am fond of… — Мне нравится… / Я увлекаюсь…
I can’t stand doing something — Я не выношу делать что-то
3. Выражение мнения и согласия/несогласия
I think that… — Я думаю, что…
I don’t think that… — Я не думаю, что…
In my opinion… — По моему мнению…
I agree with you — Я согласен с тобой
I disagree with you — Я не согласен с тобой
That’s right — Верно
That’s not true — Это неверно
I see your point — Я понимаю твою точку зрения
I’m not sure — Я не уверен
As far as I know — Насколько я знаю
4. Просьбы и вежливые выражения
Could you please…? — Не могли бы вы…?
Would you like to…? — Хотели бы вы…?
I’d like to… — Я бы хотел…
Can I help you? — Могу я помочь?
Let me know — Дай мне знать
I’m looking forward to… — С нетерпением жду…
I am writing to… — Я пишу, чтобы…
Thank you for your help — Спасибо за помощь
Sorry for the delay — Извините за задержку
I’m afraid I can’t… — Боюсь, я не могу…
5. Учёба и работа
Do homework — Делать домашнее задание
Take notes — Делать заметки
Prepare for a test — Готовиться к тесту
Work in a team — Работать в команде
Make a presentation — Делать презентацию
Give a speech — Выступать с речью
Read a text aloud — Читать текст вслух
Write an essay — Писать эссе
Ask a question — Задать вопрос
Answer a question — Ответить на вопрос
6. Повседневные действия
Get up early — Вставать рано
Go to bed late — Ложиться спать поздно
Watch TV — Смотреть телевизор
Listen to music — Слушать музыку
Play computer games — Играть в компьютерные игры
Spend time with friends — Проводить время с друзьями
Go shopping — Ходить за покупками
Cook dinner — Готовить ужин
Go for a walk — Идти на прогулку
Do sports — Заниматься спортом
7. Время и даты
At the weekend — В выходные
In the morning / afternoon / evening — Утром / днем / вечером
On Monday / Tuesday — В понедельник / во вторник
Last week / last month — На прошлой неделе / в прошлом месяце
Next week / next year — На следующей неделе / в следующем году
Every day / every week — Каждый день / каждую неделю
Once a week — Раз в неделю
Twice a month — Два раза в месяц
At the same time — В то же самое время
From time to time — Время от времени
8. Логические связки
First of all — Прежде всего
Secondly — Во-вторых
Finally — Наконец
However — Однако
Therefore — Поэтому
Because of — Из-за
As a result — В результате
On the one hand — С одной стороны
On the other hand — С другой стороны
In conclusion — В заключение
9. Эмоции и чувства
Be happy about something — Радоваться чему-то
Be sad about something — Грустить из-за чего-то
Be excited about something — Быть взволнованным из-за чего-то
Be angry with someone — Сердиться на кого-то
Be worried about something — Волноваться из-за чего-то
Feel tired — Чувствовать усталость
Feel bored — Чувствовать скуку
Be surprised at something — Удивляться чему-то
Be proud of someone — Гордиться кем-то
Be confident in something — Быть уверенным в чем-то
10. Количество, степень и частота
A lot of / lots of — Много
Many / much — Много
A few / few — Несколько / мало
A little / little — Немного / мало
Some / any — Немного / любой
Every / each — Каждый
Almost all — Почти все
More than — Больше чем
Less than — Меньше чем
As much as — Столько же сколько
Linking Words for Text Coherence
Grammar Focus
Средства связи (linking words / connectors) помогают сделать текст логичным, связным и понятным. Они показывают порядок мыслей, причины, следствия или противопоставления.
Основные группы:
Для перечисления и порядка мыслей:
firstly / first of all — во-первых
secondly — во-вторых
finally / at last — наконец
Для противопоставления:
however — однако
on the other hand — с другой стороны
although — хотя
Для причинно-следственных связей:
because — потому что
therefore — поэтому
as a result — в результате
Примеры:
Firstly, I wake up early in the morning. — Во-первых, я встаю рано утром.
I like reading books; however, I prefer watching films. — Мне нравится читать книги; однако я предпочитаю смотреть фильмы.
She didn’t study for the test; as a result, she failed. — Она не готовилась к тесту; в результате она провалилась.
Советы для школьников:
Используй linking words в начале предложений, чтобы показать логическую связь.
Не злоупотребляй одним словом — чередуй их.
Старайся использовать хотя бы 3–4 разных связки в небольшом тексте.
Story
A Day in My Life
Firstly, I wake up at 7 a.m. and have breakfast. After that, I brush my teeth and get dressed. Secondly, I go to school by bus. I like studying English because it is interesting and useful. However, some subjects are difficult for me. For example, I don’t like mathematics very much, although I try to do my best.
At school, we have lessons from 8:30 a.m. to 3:00 p.m. Firstly, we start with English, then we have history and science lessons. During lunch, I eat with my friends and talk about our hobbies. After school, I go home and do my homework. Sometimes, I feel tired; however, I continue studying because I want good grades.
Finally, in the evening, I watch TV or read a book. I always prepare for the next day and plan my tasks. At last, I go to bed at 10 p.m. I feel happy because I finished everything I needed. As a result, I can sleep well and have energy for the next day.
Useful Words and Expressions
firstly — во-первых
second (ly) — во-вторых
finally — наконец
at last — наконец
however — однако
on the other hand — с другой стороны
although — хотя
because — потому что
therefore — поэтому
as a result — в результате
after that — после этого
then — затем
during — во время
sometimes — иногда
at school — в школе
at home — дома
go to bed — ложиться спать
get dressed — одеваться
do homework — делать домашнюю работу
talk about — говорить о
Exercises
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks
Choose the correct linking word: firstly / however / finally / because / as a result / although.
I like English, ______ I find grammar difficult.
______, I wake up at 7 a.m. every day.
She didn’t do her homework; ______, she failed the test.
I enjoy reading, ______ I prefer watching films.
______, I go to bed at 10 p.m.
Exercise 2: Multiple choice
Choose the best option:
«I was tired, ______ I continued working.»
a) firstly
b) however
c) finally
«We have three lessons today. ______, we have English.»
a) Finally
b) Firstly
c) Although
«I forgot my homework; ______, I explained the situation to the teacher.»
a) as a result
b) because
c) however
Exercise 3: Personal questions
Answer in 2–3 sentences:
What do you do first in the morning?
Do you sometimes feel tired at school? What do you do then?
What do you usually do after school?
Which subject is difficult for you, and why?
How do you finish your day?
Answer Key
Exercise 1:
although
Firstly
as a result
however
Finally
Exercise 2:
b) however
b) Firstly
c) however
Exercise 3: (пример ответов, академичный стиль)
First, I wake up and have breakfast. Then I brush my teeth and get dressed.
Yes, sometimes I feel tired at school. I try to rest a little or focus on easier tasks.
After school, I usually do my homework and then spend time with my friends.
Mathematics is difficult for me because it requires a lot of concentration and practice.
I finish my day by preparing for tomorrow and going to bed at a regular time.
Mini-tips for remembering linking words:
Сделай маленькие заметки с каждой группой (перечисление, противопоставление, причина/следствие).
Попробуй написать мини-текст с 5–6 разными связками.
Читай свои тексты вслух, чтобы услышать логичную последовательность.
Средства связи для логичности текста (Linking Words)
1. Для порядка мыслей / перечисления
firstly / first of all — во-первых
secondly — во-вторых
thirdly — в-третьих
finally — наконец
at last — наконец
next — затем
then — потом
after that — после этого
last but not least — и наконец, но не менее важно
2. Для противопоставления / контраста
however — однако
although — хотя
though — хотя
on the other hand — с другой стороны
in contrast — в отличие
whereas — тогда как
nevertheless / nonetheless — тем не менее
yet — всё же, однако
3. Для причин и следствий
because — потому что
as / since — так как
therefore — поэтому
so — поэтому
thus — таким образом
as a result — в результате
due to — из-за
owing to — благодаря, из-за
4. Для добавления информации
moreover — более того
in addition — вдобавок
besides — кроме того
also — также
too — тоже
what’s more — более того
5. Для уточнения / пояснения
in other words — другими словами
that is — то есть
for example / for instance — например
such as — такие как
namely — а именно
6. Для временной последовательности
before — до того как
after — после того как
when — когда
while — в то время как
until / till — до того как
as soon as — как только
meanwhile — тем временем
7. Для суммирования / заключения
in conclusion — в заключение
to sum up — подводя итог
in short — вкратце
all in all — в целом
overall — в целом
Советы по использованию:
Вставляй linking words в начале предложения или в середине, чтобы подчеркнуть логику.
Не повторяй одно и то же слово слишком часто — чередуй синонимы.
Учить лучше фразы целиком, а не отдельные слова, и сразу использовать в предложениях.
Word Meanings, Synonyms and Antonyms
Grammar Focus
Многие английские слова имеют несколько значений (polysemy). Это значит, что одно и то же слово может использоваться в разных ситуациях с разным смыслом. Знание синонимов и антонимов помогает разнообразить речь и правильно понимать тексты.
Примеры многозначности:
run
I run every morning. — Я бегаю каждое утро.
The river runs through the city. — Река протекает через город.
light
Turn on the light. — Включи свет.
This bag is light. — Эта сумка лёгкая.
Синонимы — слова с похожим значением:
big → large, huge, enormous
happy → glad, joyful, pleased
Антонимы — слова с противоположным значением:
hot ↔ cold
easy ↔ difficult
full ↔ empty
Советы для школьников:
Записывай основное и переносное значение слова отдельно.
Используй синонимы, чтобы избежать повторов в сочинениях.
Учись различать антонимы, так как они часто встречаются в заданиях на понимание текста.
Story
A Busy Day
I had a very busy day yesterday. In the morning, I ran to the bus stop because I didn’t want to be late. The sun was shining, and the streets were full of people. At school, we learned new words in English. Some words have many meanings. For example, the word «light» can mean something bright, like the sun, or something not heavy, like my bag.
During the lunch break, I talked with my friends. We discussed our favourite hobbies. I like reading books, while my friend prefers playing sports. We used many synonyms in our conversation. For example, we said «happy» and «glad» several times. After lessons, I went home. The evening was quiet, and I felt tired but satisfied. I reflected on my day and noticed that using synonyms and understanding words with many meanings helps to express myself better. At last, I went to bed and slept well. I hope tomorrow will be as good as today.
Useful Words and Expressions
run — бегать; течь
light — свет; лёгкий
happy — счастливый
glad — радостный
big — большой
large — большой
huge — огромный
difficult — трудный
easy — лёгкий
full — полный
empty — пустой
tired — усталый
satisfied — довольный
many meanings — много значений
synonym — синоним
antonym — антоним
express yourself — выражать себя
prefer — предпочитать
while — в то время как
at last — наконец
Exercises
Exercise 1: Match the words with synonyms
happy →?
big →?
easy →?
tired →?
full →?
Options: large, glad, difficult, exhausted, huge
Exercise 2: Choose the correct meaning
The bag is light. (a) bright (b) not heavy
Run to the park. (a) flow (b) move fast on foot
The river runs through the city. (a) jogs (b) flows
Exercise 3: Personal questions
What is your favourite word in English? Does it have more than one meaning?
Give an example of a synonym for a word you often use.
Can you think of an antonym for «happy»?
Have you ever used a word incorrectly because of multiple meanings?
How do synonyms and antonyms help you in writing or speaking?
Answer Key
Exercise 1:
happy → glad
big → huge / large
easy → —
tired → exhausted
full → —
Exercise 2:
(b) not heavy
(b) move fast on foot
(b) flows
Exercise 3: (пример ответов, академичный стиль)
My favourite word is «run». It can mean to move fast or describe a river flowing.
A synonym for «happy» is «glad». I often use it in my writing.
An antonym for «happy» is «sad».
Yes, sometimes I thought «light» meant bright, but it meant not heavy.
Synonyms and antonyms help me make my texts more interesting and clear.
Mini-tips for remembering:
Веди таблицу: слово → синонимы → антонимы → примеры
Используй слова с несколькими значениями в простых предложениях
Повторяй синонимы через день, чтобы они запоминались лучше
Синонимы и Антонимы (100 слов)
happy → glad, joyful → sad
big → large, huge → small
easy → simple → difficult, hard
tired → exhausted → energetic
full → complete, filled → empty
fast → quick, rapid → slow
hot → warm → cold
cold → chilly → hot
good → excellent, great → bad
bad → poor, awful → good
beautiful → pretty, attractive → ugly
ugly → unattractive, horrible → beautiful
rich → wealthy → poor
poor → needy, broke → rich
young → youthful → old
old → elderly → young
early → prompt, ahead → late
late → delayed → early
near → close → far
far → distant → near
strong → powerful → weak
weak → fragile → strong
light → bright, not heavy → dark, heavy
dark → dim → bright
soft → gentle → hard
hard → firm → soft
long → lengthy → short
short → brief → long
clean → tidy → dirty, messy
dirty → unclean → clean
friendly → kind, pleasant → unfriendly
unfriendly → hostile → friendly
loud → noisy → quiet
quiet → silent → loud
clever → smart, intelligent → stupid
stupid → foolish → clever
strong → sturdy, robust → weak
weak → fragile, feeble → strong
new → recent, modern → old
old → ancient → new
bright → shining → dull
dull → boring → bright
easy → straightforward → complicated
difficult → challenging → easy
interesting → fascinating → boring
boring → dull → interesting
expensive → costly → cheap
cheap → inexpensive → expensive
happy → cheerful → sad
sad → unhappy → happy
safe → secure → dangerous
dangerous → risky → safe
calm → peaceful → nervous, excited
nervous → anxious → calm
healthy → fit, well → sick, ill
sick → ill → healthy
hot → boiling → cold
cold → freezing → hot
wet → damp → dry
dry → arid → wet
easy → manageable → difficult
difficult → tough → easy
fast → speedy → slow
slow → sluggish → fast
loud → booming → quiet
quiet → soft → loud
rich → affluent → poor
poor → destitute → rich
near → nearby → far
far → distant → near
happy → content → unhappy
sad → miserable → happy
strong → firm → weak
weak → frail → strong
beautiful → lovely → ugly
ugly → hideous → beautiful
clever → bright → stupid
stupid → dumb → clever
old → aged → young
young → juvenile → old
bright → radiant → dull
dull → flat → bright
soft → smooth → rough
rough → coarse → soft
short → tiny → long
long → extensive → short
clean → spotless → dirty
dirty → filthy → clean
friendly → cordial → unfriendly
unfriendly → hostile → friendly
strong → muscular → weak
weak → frail → strong
fast → hasty → slow
slow → gradual → fast
happy → joyful → sad
sad → gloomy → happy
light → airy → heavy
heavy → weighty → light
hot → scorching → cold
cold → icy → hot
Советы по запоминанию:
Разделяй слова на группы: эмоции, размер, температуру, качество, характер.
Создавай маленькие карточки: слово → синоним → антоним.
Старайся использовать их в коротких предложениях каждый день.
International Words
Grammar Focus
Интернациональные слова — это слова, которые похожи по форме и значению в разных языках. В английском языке их очень много, и они помогают быстро понимать текст, даже если ученик не знает все слова.
Особенности:
Произношение может немного отличаться.
Правописание часто сохраняет знакомую основу слова.
Чаще всего они заимствованы из латинского, французского или греческого языков.
Примеры интернациональных слов:
television — телевидение
restaurant — ресторан
university — университет
information — информация
doctor — доктор
Советы для школьников:
Старайся узнавать интернациональные слова при изучении новых тем — их много в текстах ОГЭ.
Обращай внимание на окончания: -tion, -ic, -ist, -able, -ment часто встречаются в интернациональных словах.
Используй их в письме и устной речи — это помогает звучать естественно и понятно.
Story
A Visit to the City
Last weekend, I visited a big city with my family. First, we went to a museum to see an exhibition about history and science. The information boards were very clear, and I learned a lot about ancient civilizations. After that, we walked to a restaurant for lunch. The food was delicious, and the menu had many options.
In the afternoon, we went to the university to attend a small lecture about technology. The students and professors were friendly, and I understood most of the words because they were similar to words in my language.
Finally, we visited a hospital to see how doctors work. The clinic was modern, and the equipment was new. I realized that international words make communication much easier because you can guess the meaning even if you don’t know the exact word.
At last, we returned home. I felt happy because I learned new words and enjoyed the day. Using international words helps me understand texts and express ideas more clearly.
Useful Words and Expressions
museum — музей
exhibition — выставка
information — информация
restaurant — ресторан
menu — меню
university — университет
lecture — лекция
student — студент
professor — профессор
hospital — больница
clinic — клиника
doctor — доктор
equipment — оборудование
international — международный
communication — коммуникация
technology — технология
civilization — цивилизация
delicious — вкусный
modern — современный
visit — посещение
Exercises
Exercise 1: Match the words with Russian translations
university →?
exhibition →?
hospital →?
information →?
menu →?
Exercise 2: Choose the international word in the sentence
I went to the ______ to see a new exhibition. (restaurant / museum / park)
The ______ was very tasty. (menu / doctor / lecture)
We visited the ______ to learn about health care. (university / hospital / cinema)
Exercise 3: Personal questions
Have you ever visited a museum or exhibition? What did you see?
Can you name three international words you know in English?
Do you prefer studying at school or visiting a university? Why?
Have you been to a restaurant recently? What did you eat?
How do international words help you understand texts or speak English?
Answer Key
Exercise 1:
university → университет
exhibition → выставка
hospital → больница
information → информация
menu → меню
Exercise 2:
museum
menu
hospital
Exercise 3: (пример ответов, академичный стиль)
Yes, I visited a museum last month. I saw paintings and sculptures from the 19th century.
Some international words I know are doctor, university, and menu.
I prefer studying at school because it is more familiar, but visiting a university is interesting.
Last weekend, I went to a restaurant and ate pasta and salad.
International words help me understand texts faster because I can guess the meaning even if I don’t know the word exactly.
Mini-tips for remembering international words:
Записывай слова с окончаниями -tion, -ic, -ist, -able.
Читай тексты на английском и отмечай знакомые слова.
Используй их в простых предложениях — это ускоряет запоминание.
Most Common Phrasal Verbs
Grammar Focus
Фразовые глаголы (phrasal verbs) — это глаголы, которые состоят из основного глагола + предлог или наречие. Их значение часто не совпадает с прямым значением слов, поэтому важно учить их как единое целое.
Особенности:
Часто встречаются в повседневной речи и текстах ОГЭ.
Могут быть разделяемыми (разделяемый глагол) или неразделяемыми.
Используются для выражения действий, состояний, эмоций, предпочтений и др.
Примеры распространённых фразовых глаголов:
get up — вставать
wake up — просыпаться
look for — искать
give up — сдаваться
find out — узнавать
put on — надевать
take off — снимать (одежду), взлетать (о самолёте)
turn on / turn off — включать / выключать
look after — присматривать
go out — выходить (из дома, на улицу)
Советы для школьников:
Учите phrasal verbs группами по смыслу: движение, эмоции, действия с предметами.
Используйте их в своих предложениях и мини-рассказах.
Не пытайтесь переводить буквально — учите как целую фразу.
Story
A Day in My Life
I usually wake up at 7 a.m. and get up quickly because I don’t want to be late for school. After I get dressed, I put on my shoes and coat. I always look for my keys before leaving the house.
At school, I sometimes give up when a problem is too difficult, but my teacher always helps me find out the solution. During breaks, I like to hang out with my friends in the yard.
After lessons, I go out to play football. Sometimes, I take off my jacket because it’s warm. In the evening, I turn on the computer to do my homework. Before bed, I look after my little brother and help him with his reading. Finally, I go to bed at 10 p.m., happy and tired.
Using phrasal verbs every day helps me speak English more naturally and understand what I read or hear. They are very useful for school tasks, exams, and everyday life.
Useful Words and Expressions
wake up — просыпаться
get up — вставать
get dressed — одеваться
put on — надевать
take off — снимать
look for — искать
find out — узнавать
give up — сдаваться
turn on — включать
turn off — выключать
go out — выходить
hang out — проводить время с друзьями
look after — присматривать
go to bed — ложиться спать
be late — опаздывать
be tired — быть уставшим
homework — домашняя работа
solution — решение
yard — двор
computer — компьютер
Exercises
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks
I always ______ at 7 a.m. (wake up / get up)
Please ______ your shoes. (put on / take off)
I need to ______ my keys. (look for / look after)
Don’t ______! Try again. (give up / find out)
She ______ the lights before leaving. (turns on / turns off)
Exercise 2: Multiple choice
«Go out» means:
a) оставаться дома
b) выходить на улицу
c) готовить уроки
«Hang out» is:
a) отдыхать с друзьями
b) искать что-то
c) вставать
Exercise 3: Personal questions
What time do you usually wake up?
Can you name three phrasal verbs you use every day?
Do you sometimes give up when studying English? Why?
Do you look after someone at home? Who?
What do you usually turn on when you come home?
Answer Key
Exercise 1:
wake up
put on
look for
give up
turns off
Exercise 2:
b) выходить на улицу
a) отдыхать с друзьями
Exercise 3: (пример ответов)
I usually wake up at 7 a.m. and get ready for school.
I often use get up, wake up, and turn on.
Yes, sometimes I give up when a task is too difficult, but I try again later.
Yes, I look after my younger sister when my parents are busy.
I usually turn on the computer or the lights when I come home.
Mini-tips for remembering phrasal verbs:
Создавайте маленькие рассказы с 5–10 phrasal verbs.
Повторяйте каждый день по 5 новых глаголов.
Обязательно используйте их в устной речи.
100 Most Common Phrasal Verbs
1. Movement / Action (Движение, действия)
get up — вставать (I get up at 7 a.m.)
wake up — просыпаться (She wakes up early.)
go out — выходить (We go out every weekend.)
come in — входить (Come in, please!)
go in — заходить (He goes in quietly.)
come back — возвращаться (I come back home at 6 p.m.)
go back — возвращаться (She goes back to school.)
get in — входить в машину, помещение (He gets in the car.)
get out — выходить (Get out of the room!)
run away — убегать (The dog ran away.)
2. Daily Routines (Повседневные действия)
get dressed — одеваться (I get dressed quickly.)
take off — снимать (одежду) (She takes off her coat.)
put on — надевать (Put on your shoes.)
wash up — мыться, умываться (I wash up before breakfast.)
clean up — убирать (Clean up your room.)
tidy up — приводить в порядок (I tidy up the kitchen.)
go to bed — ложиться спать (I go to bed at 10 p.m.)
stay up — не ложиться спать (I stayed up late last night.)
brush up — освежать знания (I need to brush up my English.)
try on — примерять (I tried on the new dress.)
3. Communication / Social (Общение, социальные действия)
call back — перезвонить (I’ll call you back later.)
pick up — поднимать, подбирать (I picked up the phone.)
give back — возвращать (Give back the book.)
look after — присматривать (I look after my little brother.)
check in — регистрироваться (We checked in at the hotel.)
check out — выписываться (We checked out at 11 a.m.)
hand in — сдавать (I handed in my homework.)
fill in — заполнять (Fill in the form.)
write down — записывать (I wrote down the address.)
turn up — появляться (He turned up at the party.)
4. Learning / Understanding (Учёба, понимание)
find out — узнавать (I found out the answer.)
look up — искать (I looked up the word in the dictionary.)
figure out — понять, вычислить (I can’t figure out this problem.)
pick up — учить на практике (I picked up English quickly.)
go over — повторять (Let’s go over the exercises.)
read up on — изучать (I read up on history before the exam.)
break down — разбирать на части (Let’s break down the sentence.)
hand out — раздавать (The teacher handed out the worksheets.)
put together — составлять, собирать (I put together a list of words.)
catch up — догонять (I need to catch up with the lessons.)
5. Emotions / Reactions (Эмоции, реакции)
cheer up — подбадривать (Cheer up! Everything will be fine.)
calm down — успокаиваться (Calm down and listen to me.)
break up — расставаться (They broke up last week.)
get on with — ладить (I get on with my classmates.)
look forward to — ждать с нетерпением (I look forward to the holidays.)
give up — сдаваться (Don’t give up!)
put off — откладывать (I put off doing my homework.)
cheer on — поддерживать (We cheered on our team.)
blow up — сердиться, взрываться (He blew up at the mistake.)
calm down — успокаивать (I calmed down my friend.)
6. Technology / Devices (Техника, устройства)
turn on — включать (Turn on the TV.)
turn off — выключать (Turn off the lights.)
switch on — включать (Switch on the computer.)
switch off — выключать (Switch off your phone.)
log in — войти в систему (I logged in to the website.)
log out — выйти из системы (Don’t forget to log out.)
plug in — подключать (Plug in your charger.)
unplug — отключать (Unplug the device.)
save up — сохранять, копить (Save up your work.)
download — скачивать (I downloaded the file.)
7. Travel / Movement (Путешествия, перемещения)
set off — отправляться (We set off at 8 a.m.)
check in — регистрироваться (Check in at the airport.)
check out — выписываться (We checked out from the hotel.)
get on — садиться в транспорт (Get on the bus.)
get off — выходить из транспорта (Get off at the next stop.)
pick up — подбирать кого-то (I picked up my friend at the station.)
drop off — высаживать (I dropped off my brother.)
set up — организовывать (We set up the trip plan.)
take off — взлетать (The plane takes off at 7 p.m.)
land — приземляться (The plane landed safely.)
8. Problem Solving / Work (Проблемы, работа)
figure out — понять (I figured out the answer.)
work out — решать (I worked out the problem.)
carry on — продолжать (Carry on with your work.)
give up — сдаваться (Don’t give up!)
call off — отменять (They called off the meeting.)
put off — откладывать (I put off my homework.)
set up — организовывать (I set up a meeting.)
run out of — заканчиваться (We ran out of milk.)
look into — изучать, расследовать (The teacher looked into the problem.)
deal with — справляться с (I deal with my tasks carefully.)
9. Relationships / Daily Life (Отношения, повседневная жизнь)
break up — расставаться (They broke up last month.)
get along with — ладить (I get along with my classmates.)
fall out — ссориться (They fell out yesterday.)
make up — мириться (We made up after the argument.)
go out with — встречаться (She goes out with Tom.)
look after — присматривать (I look after my little sister.)
take care of — заботиться о (I take care of my cat.)
move in — въезжать (They moved in last week.)
move out — выезжать (He moved out yesterday.)
get together — собираться вместе (We get together on weekends.)
10. Miscellaneous / Useful (Разное, полезное)
run into — случайно встретить (I ran into my friend.)
come across — наткнуться на (I came across an interesting article.)
look up to — уважать (I look up to my teacher.)
set off — отправляться (We set off early in the morning.)
give out — раздавать (She gave out the papers.)
pick out — выбирать (I picked out a new shirt.)
turn up — появляться (He turned up at the party.)
turn down — отказывать (I turned down the offer.)
break down — ломаться (The car broke down.)
hold on — ждать, держаться (Hold on! I’ll help you.)
Советы по запоминанию:
Учите по 10 глаголов в день и создавайте короткие истории с ними.
Группируйте по смыслу: движение, эмоции, повседневные действия, работа.
Используйте карточки: английский — русский — пример в предложении.
Abbreviations and Short Forms
Grammar Focus
Сокращения (abbreviations) — это слова или фразы, которые были сокращены для удобства письма и речи. Они часто встречаются в повседневной жизни, письмах, сообщениях и экзаменационных текстах.
Основные типы сокращений:
Contractions (сокращённые формы глаголов)
I’m = I am
You’re = You are
He’s = He is / He has
They’ve = They have
Don’t = Do not
Can’t = Cannot
Initialisms (инициалы) — читаются по буквам
TV = Television
ATM = Automated Teller Machine
ID = Identification / Identity Document
DOB = Date of Birth
PC = Personal Computer
Acronyms (читаются как слово)
Wi-Fi = Wireless Fidelity
DIY = Do It Yourself
ASAP = As Soon As Possible
FAQ = Frequently Asked Questions
Shortened words (усечённые слова)
info = information
exam = examination
ad = advertisement
lab = laboratory
Советы для школьников:
Учите сокращения вместе с полными словами.
Используйте их в письме и чтении.
Обращайте внимание на сокращённые формы в текстах ОГЭ — они часто встречаются.
Story
A Day at School
Hi Tom,
I’m writing to tell you about my day at school. This morning, I woke up at 7 a.m. and got dressed quickly. I had breakfast and packed my bag with books, notebooks, and my PC for computer class.
At school, I met my friend Sarah. She reminded me that we had an exam today. I felt nervous, but after the first questions, I felt better. During the break, we went to the lab to do some experiments. The teacher gave us info sheets and instructions.
After the lessons, we checked our emails on the school PC and replied to messages. I also filled in a form for the school trip next month. At the end of the day, I went home, had a snack, and watched TV for a while.
I can’t wait to see you at the weekend. Maybe we can do a DIY project together. Don’t forget to bring all the materials!
See you soon,
Alex
Useful Words and Expressions
I’m = I am
You’re = You are
He’s = He is / He has
Don’t = Do not
Can’t = Cannot
info = information
exam = examination
ad = advertisement
lab = laboratory
TV = television
PC = personal computer
DIY = Do It Yourself
ASAP = As Soon As Possible
FAQ = Frequently Asked Questions
ID = identification
DOB = date of birth
bag = сумка
snack = перекус
school trip = школьная экскурсия
message = сообщение
Exercises
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks
I ______ going to school now. (I’m / I am)
Don’t forget to bring your ______. (PC / personal computer)
The teacher gave us some ______. (info / information)
I have an ______ tomorrow. (exam / examination)
I watched ______ in the evening. (TV / television)
Exercise 2: Multiple choice
Выберите правильное значение сокращения:
DIY:
a) Do It Yourself
b) Do It Yesterday
c) Drive In Yard
ASAP:
a) As Soon As Possible
b) After School And Play
c) All Students Are Present
FAQ:
a) Frequently Asked Questions
b) Fast And Quiet
c) Friends And Quizzes
ID:
a) Identification
b) International Date
c) Important Document
DOB:
a) Date of Birth
b) Day Of Business
c) Department of Biology
Exercise 3: Personal questions
Do you often use contractions like I’m, don’t, or can’t?
Have you ever done a DIY project? What was it?
Do you use a PC or laptop for school? How often?
Have you ever had an exam that made you nervous? What subject?
Can you name 3 abbreviations you often see in messages or at school?
Answer Key
Exercise 1:
I’m
PC
info
exam
TV
Exercise 2:
a) Do It Yourself
a) As Soon As Possible
a) Frequently Asked Questions
a) Identification
a) Date of Birth
Exercise 3: (пример ответов)
Yes, I often use I’m, don’t, and can’t in messages to friends.
Yes, I made a small DIY project last weekend — a photo frame.
I use a PC every day for homework and school projects.
Yes, I was nervous for my English exam last month.
I often see DIY, TV, and ASAP in texts and emails.
Mini-tips for remembering abbreviations:
Разделяйте их по типам: contractions, initialisms, acronyms, shortened words.
Используйте их в письмах и сообщениях.
Запоминайте вместе с примером в предложении.
Аббревиатуры и сокращения (школьные и повседневные)
I’m = I am
You’re = You are
He’s = He is / He has
She’s = She is / She has
We’re = We are
They’re = They are
I’ve = I have
You’ve = You have
We’ve = We have
They’ve = They have
Don’t = Do not
Can’t = Cannot
Won’t = Will not
Isn’t = Is not
Aren’t = Are not
Wasn’t = Was not
Weren’t = Were not
TV = Television
PC = Personal Computer
ID = Identification / Identity Document
DOB = Date of Birth
DIY = Do It Yourself
Wi-Fi = Wireless Fidelity
ASAP = As Soon As Possible
FAQ = Frequently Asked Questions
info = information
exam = examination
ad = advertisement
lab = laboratory
photo = photograph
maths = mathematics
PE = Physical Education
IT = Information Technology
min = minute
sec = second
bday = birthday
The UK = The United Kingdom
The US = The United States
Forming Nouns with Suffixes
Grammar Focus
Образование имён существительных с помощью суффиксов — один из основных способов расширить словарный запас. Суффикс присоединяется к основе глагола, прилагательного или существительного и создаёт новое существительное.
Основные суффиксы и их значения:
— er / -or — лицо, выполняющее действие
teacher = someone who teaches → учитель
actor = someone who acts → актёр
— ist — специалист, профессионал
scientist = человек, занимающийся наукой
artist = художник, творческая личность
— sion / -tion — процесс или результат действия
discussion = процесс обсуждения
invitation = приглашение
— ance / -ence — состояние, качество, процесс
performance = выступление
residence = место жительства
— ity — качество, свойство
activity = активность
responsibility = ответственность
— ship — положение, статус, дружба
friendship = дружба
leadership = лидерство
— ing — действие или процесс (часто от глаголов)
reading = чтение
swimming = плавание
— ment — процесс, результат действия
development = развитие
improvement = улучшение
— ness — состояние, качество
darkness = темнота
happiness = счастье
Советы для школьников:
Учите суффиксы вместе с примерами слов.
Обращайте внимание на произношение и ударение.
Story
A New Hobby
Last summer, Maria decided to find a new hobby. She wanted something creative and interesting. She joined an art class at the local community center. The first lesson was about painting and drawing. Maria felt nervous, but the teacher’s encouragement helped her.
During the class, she learned new techniques and made a small painting. Her performance impressed the teacher, and she received a certificate of participation. Maria also made new friendships with other students.
After the class, she went home and continued her practice. She realized that learning something new gave her happiness and confidence. By the end of the summer, Maria’s improvement was clear. She had discovered her creativity and wanted to continue her development in art.
Now, Maria teaches her younger brother painting techniques. Her teaching and patience help him enjoy drawing. She wants to become a professional artist in the future.
Useful Words and Expressions
teacher — учитель
actor — актёр
scientist — учёный
artist — художник
discussion — обсуждение
invitation — приглашение
performance — выступление
residence — резиденция
activity — активность
responsibility — ответственность
friendship — дружба
leadership — лидерство
reading — чтение
swimming — плавание
development — развитие
improvement — улучшение
darkness — темнота
happiness — счастье
participation — участие
creativity — креативность
Exercises
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks
A person who paints is an ______. (artist / artisting / teacher)
I enjoy ______ in my free time. (read / reading / readingly)
Their ______ in the play was excellent. (performance / participate / improvement)
Friendship and ______ are important in life. (friendship / leadership / participation)
The teacher gave us an ______ to the museum. (invitation / invite / develop)
Exercise 2: Multiple choice
Выберите правильное значение сокращения:
Which suffix forms a noun meaning «the state of being happy»?
a) -ing
b) -ness
c) -ment
Which suffix forms a noun meaning «person who teaches»?
a) -ship
b) -er
c) -ance
Which suffix forms a noun meaning «process of developing»?
a) -ity
b) -ment
c) -ist
Which suffix forms a noun meaning «the state of being dark»?
a) -ness
b) -tion
c) -er
Which suffix forms a noun meaning «profession or expert»?
a) -ist
b) -ance
c) -ing
Exercise 3: Personal questions
Do you have a hobby? Describe it using a noun with a suffix.
Which school subject gives you the most happiness?
Have you ever received a certificate of participation in a contest or event?
Who is a teacher that encourages you? Describe their personality.
Can you name a friendship or relationship that is important to you?
Answer Key
Exercise 1:
artist
reading
performance
leadership
invitation
Exercise 2:
b) -ness
b) -er
b) -ment
a) -ness
a) -ist
Exercise 3: (пример ответов)
Yes, I enjoy reading. It gives me happiness and relaxation.
English gives me the most happiness because I like learning new words.
Yes, I received a certificate of participation in a school science contest.
My English teacher encourages me. She is patient and friendly.
My best friend is very important to me. We share interests and help each other.
Forming Adjectives with Suffixes
Grammar Focus
Образование имён прилагательных с помощью суффиксов — это способ создавать новые прилагательные от существительных или глаголов, чтобы описывать свойства, качества или состояния.
Основные суффиксы и их значения:
— ful — обладающий чем-либо, полный чего-либо
wonderful = полный чудес → замечательный
careful = внимательный, осторожный
— ian / -an — относящийся к национальности, профессии или области
Russian = русский
American = американский
— al — относящийся к чему-либо
typical = типичный
historical = исторический
— ing — вызывающий чувство (от глаголов)
amazing = удивительный
interesting = интересный
— less — без чего-либо
useless = бесполезный
hopeless = безнадёжный
— ive — обладающий качеством или способностью
impressive = впечатляющий
creative = креативный
— ed / -ing — причастия, описывающие чувства или действия
interested = заинтересованный
exciting = захватывающий
— ly — дружелюбный признак, часто от существительного
friendly = дружелюбный
lovely = милый, прекрасный
— ous — полный качества
famous = известный
dangerous = опасный
— y — обладающий качеством
busy = занятый
sunny = солнечный
— able / -ible — способный к действию
understandable = понятный
terrible = ужасный
Советы для школьников:
Учите прилагательные с суффиксами в контексте предложений.
Старайтесь запоминать типичные сочетания: interested in, full of, capable of.
Story
A Day at the Park
Yesterday, Tom and his friends went to a beautiful park. The weather was sunny, and the atmosphere was very friendly. They saw many interesting birds and amazing flowers.
Tom felt excited because he was going to try a new sport. He joined a creative team for a fun game. The team’s cooperation was excellent, and everyone was careful while playing.
During the game, some players made mistakes, but they didn’t feel hopeless. Instead, they gave each other helpful advice. At the end, Tom felt proud and happy because he had learned something useful.
He also met an American boy and a Russian girl, and they shared stories about their schools. The day was memorable, full of friendly competition and exciting moments.
Tom realized that spending time with friends in a beautiful park is always wonderful. He wants to visit the park again next week.
Useful Words and Expressions
wonderful — замечательный
careful — осторожный
typical — типичный
historical — исторический
amazing — удивительный
interesting — интересный
useless — бесполезный
hopeless — безнадёжный
impressive — впечатляющий
creative — креативный
interested — заинтересованный
exciting — захватывающий
friendly — дружелюбный
lovely — милый, прекрасный
famous — известный
dangerous — опасный
busy — занятый
sunny — солнечный
understandable — понятный
terrible — ужасный
Exercises
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks
The view from the mountain was ______. (wonderful / worried / helpful)
He was very ______ in the new game. (interested / interesting / useless)
This park is full of ______ flowers. (amazing / amazingly / amazement)
The children were ______ while crossing the road. (careful / careless / caring)
The teacher gave a very ______ explanation. (understandable / understand / understandablely)
Exercise 2: Multiple choice
Which suffix forms an adjective meaning «full of wonders»?
a) -ful
b) -less
c) -ous
Which suffix forms an adjective meaning «relating to a country or nation»?
a) -ian/-an
b) -able/-ible
c) -ly
Which suffix forms an adjective meaning «able to be understood»?
a) -able/-ible
b) -ous
c) -ing
Which suffix forms an adjective meaning «causing excitement or interest»?
a) -ed
b) -ing
c) -less
Which suffix forms an adjective meaning «full of quality or characteristic»?
a) -ous
b) -ful
c) -y
Exercise 3: Personal questions
Describe a place you find beautiful using a suffix adjective.
Which hobby makes you feel excited or interested?
Have you ever met a person from another country? Which nationality?
Which school subject do you find useful and understandable?
Name a friend who is friendly or helpful.
Answer Key
Exercise 1:
wonderful
interested
amazing
careful
understandable
Exercise 2:
a) -ful
a) -ian/-an
a) -able/-ible
b) -ing
a) -ous
Exercise 3: (пример ответов)
I visited a beautiful park near my city. It was full of flowers and trees.
I enjoy reading books. It makes me very interested and excited.
Yes, I met an American student last year at school.
English is useful and understandable because I like learning it.
My best friend is very friendly and always helpful.
Forming Adverbs with the Suffix -ly
Grammar Focus
Образование наречий с помощью суффикса -ly — один из самых распространённых способов образовать наречие от прилагательного. Наречие описывает действие (глагол) и отвечает на вопросы how? (как?), in what way? (каким образом?).
Правило:
К прилагательному добавляется -ly:
quick → quickly = быстро
happy → happily = счастливо
Особенности:
Прилагательные, оканчивающиеся на -y, меняют его на -i перед добавлением -ly:
happy → happily
angry → angrily
Некоторые прилагательные имеют неправильные формы наречий, которые нужно запомнить:
good → well
fast → fast (не меняется)
hard → hard (иногда требуется контекст)
Наречия с -ly обычно ставятся перед или после глагола, реже — в начале предложения для усиления:
She runs quickly.
He happily agreed to help.
Fortunately, we arrived on time.
Советы для школьников:
Учите наречия в контексте предложений, чтобы понимать их значение.
Обратите внимание на наречия, совпадающие с прилагательными (fast, early).
Story
A Busy Day
Yesterday, Anna woke up early. She quickly got dressed and went to the kitchen for breakfast. She was feeling hungry, so she ate carefully to avoid spilling anything.
After breakfast, she happily greeted her neighbors and walked to school. The streets were quietly empty because it was still early. On the way, she accidentally dropped her book, but she picked it up carefully.
At school, her teacher explained the new topic clearly, and Anna listened attentively. During the lesson, she quickly answered the questions and helped a classmate who was struggling.
After school, Anna went home and did her homework efficiently. Her parents were proud because she worked diligently. In the evening, she read a book quietly and went to bed happily.
Anna realized that even a busy day can be enjoyable if she does everything carefully and positively.
Useful Words and Expressions
quickly — быстро
happily — счастливо
carefully — осторожно
early — рано
quietly — тихо
attentively — внимательно
efficiently — эффективно
diligently — усердно
positively — положительно
accidentally — случайно
clearly — ясно
fast — быстро
well — хорошо
sadly — грустно
politely — вежливо
naturally — естественно
easily — легко
loudly — громко
often — часто
sometimes — иногда
Exercises
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks
She runs very ______. (quick / quickly / quicking)
He listened ______ to the teacher. (attentive / attentively / attention)
Anna did her homework ______. (diligent / diligently / diligence)
The baby slept ______. (quiet / quietly / quieting)
They agreed ______ to help their friend. (happy / happily / happiness)
Exercise 2: Multiple choice
Which word is the correct adverb for «good»?
a) good
b) well
c) goodness
Which adverb is formed from «angry»?
a) angrily
b) angry
c) angerly
Which adverb is used to describe doing something with attention?
a) attentively
b) attentive
c) attention
Which adverb means «in a careful way»?
a) careful
b) carefully
c) care
Which adverb does not change from its adjective form?
a) fast
b) friendly
c) happy
Exercise 3: Personal questions
How do you usually wake up in the morning?
Do you do your homework quickly or carefully?
How do you speak when talking to teachers or adults?
Which activity do you do happily?
Can you describe your typical day using 3 adverbs?
Answer Key
Exercise 1:
quickly
attentively
diligently
quietly
happily
Exercise 2:
b) well
a) angrily
a) attentively
b) carefully
a) fast
Exercise 3: (пример ответов)
I usually wake up early in the morning.
I do my homework carefully to avoid mistakes.
I speak politely to teachers and adults.
I happily play football with my friends.
I wake up early, brush my teeth quickly, and eat breakfast happily.
Forming Words with Negative Prefixes: un-, in-, im-
Grammar Focus
Отрицательные префиксы un-, in-, im- используются для образования слов с противоположным значением:
un- — самый распространённый префикс для образования отрицательных прилагательных, существительных и наречий:
happy → unhappy = несчастливый
fair → unfair = несправедливый
usual → unusually = необычно
in- / im- — используются перед определёнными буквами, чаще с прилагательными:
formal → informal = неофициальный
possible → impossible = невозможный
correct → incorrect = неправильный
Особенности:
Префикс im- используется перед буквами b, m, p:
possible → impossible
balance → imbalance
Наречия часто образуются от прилагательных с тем же префиксом:
unfair → unfairly = несправедливо
impossible → impossibly = невозможно
Советы для школьников:
Обратите внимание на правильный выбор префикса: un- чаще всего универсален, in-/im- зависят от буквы начала слова.
Учите слова в контексте предложений, чтобы лучше запоминать отрицательные формы.
Story
A Difficult Task
Yesterday, Sarah faced an impossible task at school. Her teacher asked the students to complete a very complicated project quickly. Sarah felt unhappy because she didn’t understand the instructions clearly.
She tried to solve the problem carefully, but some parts seemed incorrect. Despite this, she continued working and didn’t give up. Her friend helped her fairly, and together they completed the project.
In the end, Sarah realized that even an unusual task can teach her new skills. She noticed that being impatient would only make things worse. Instead, she worked patiently and efficiently, and the results were impressive.
Her teacher praised her efforts and said that even when something seems impossible, a careful approach can make it achievable. Sarah felt unusually proud of herself and learned that challenges are not always unmanageable if you stay focused.
Useful Words and Expressions
unhappy — несчастливый
unfair — несправедливый
unusual — необычный
impossible — невозможный
informal — неофициальный
incorrect — неправильный
impatient — нетерпеливый
inefficient — неэффективный
unmanageable — непосильный
unusually — необычно
unfairly — несправедливо
impossibly — невозможно
imbalance — дисбаланс
unkind — недобрый
irrelevant — неуместный
unpredictable — непредсказуемый
insecure — ненадёжный
inconvenient — неудобный
ineligible — недопустимый
unrealistic — нереалистичный
Exercises
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks
It is ______ to finish all the homework in 10 minutes. (possible / impossible / unpossible)
The teacher corrected the ______ answer. (correct / incorrect / uncorrect)
She felt ______ because her friends didn’t support her. (happy / unhappy / inhappy)
The instructions were ______, so everyone was confused. (usual / unusual / unusal)
He acted ______ towards the new student. (fair / unfair / infair)
Exercise 2: Multiple choice
Which prefix is correct for forming the opposite of «legal»?
a) un-
b) in-
c) im-
Which prefix forms the opposite of «possible»?
a) un-
b) in-
c) im-
Which word is an adverb with a negative prefix?
a) unfairly
b) unfair
c) unkind
Which prefix should be used with a word starting with «m»?
a) un-
b) im-
c) in-
Which word means «not kind»?
a) unkind
b) ineligible
c) inefficient
Exercise 3: Personal questions
Have you ever found a task impossible at school? How did you deal with it?
Can you describe a situation when someone treated you unfairly?
What is something unusual that happened to you recently?
Which tasks at school do you usually complete efficiently or inefficiently?
Have you ever felt unhappy about a result or grade? How did you react?
Answer Key
Exercise 1:
impossible
incorrect
unhappy
unusual
unfair
Exercise 2:
b) in-
c) im-
a) unfairly
b) im-
a) unkind
Exercise 3: (пример ответов)
Yes, I once found a maths test impossible. I stayed calm and tried my best.
A friend treated me unfairly during a game, but I talked to them politely.
Recently, something unusual happened when I saw a dog walking alone in the park.
I usually complete English tasks efficiently, but sometimes I do homework inefficiently if I’m tired.
I felt unhappy when I got a low grade, but I studied harder next time.
Forming Adjectives with the Prefix inter-
Grammar Focus
Префикс inter- используется для образования прилагательных, которые означают «между», «взаимный», «международный». Он часто встречается в английском языке в словах, связанных с взаимодействием, отношениями или международными понятиями.
Правило:
Приставка inter- ставится перед существительным или прилагательным для образования нового прилагательного:
national → international = международный
personal → interpersonal = межличностный
connected → interconnected = взаимосвязанный
Особенности:
inter- всегда обозначает «между» или «взаимный».
Прилагательные с этим префиксом часто употребляются в официальной и учебной речи, бизнесе и науке.
Наречия от этих прилагательных образуются обычно с суффиксом -ly:
international → internationally
interpersonal → interpersonally
Story
An International Project
Last year, a group of students worked on an international project. They communicated with classmates from other countries interpersonally using emails and video calls. The project required interconnected ideas, so everyone shared their experiences and knowledge carefully.
The students had to solve problems that were interrelated, and sometimes they found it challenging. However, they learned to work internationally and respect different cultures. The teacher praised their interpersonal skills because they listened to each other attentively and shared ideas fairly.
During the project, Anna realized that understanding intercultural differences is very important. She also noticed that successful teamwork depends on interconnected thinking and mutual respect. In the end, the students presented their project internationally at a conference, and everyone felt proud of their achievements.
This experience taught Anna that interpersonal communication is a skill she can use in school, at home, and later in her career.
Useful Words and Expressions
international — международный
interpersonal — межличностный
interconnected — взаимосвязанный
interrelated — взаимосвязанный (в контексте идей)
internationally — международно
interpersonally — межличностно
intercultural — межкультурный
interact — взаимодействовать
interaction — взаимодействие
mutual — взаимный
together — вместе
communicate — общаться
teamwork — командная работа
collaboration — сотрудничество
cooperation — кооперация
respect — уважение
skills — навыки
project — проект
experience — опыт
challenge — вызов
Exercises
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks
She has excellent ______ skills. (interpersonal / international / interconnected)
The countries signed an ______ agreement. (interpersonal / international / interrelated)
Their ideas are closely ______. (interconnected / interrelated / international)
Students communicated ______ during the project. (interpersonally / internationally / interconnectedly)
Understanding cultural differences is ______. (intercultural / international / interconnected)
Exercise 2: Multiple choice
Which prefix is used to mean «between» or «mutual»?
a) un-
b) inter-
c) im-
Which word means «connected between ideas or things»?
a) international
b) interconnected
c) interpersonally
Which word refers to communication between people?
a) interpersonal
b) intercultural
c) international
How do you form the adverb from «international»?
a) internationaly
b) internationally
c) international
Which word describes understanding different cultures?
a) interrelated
b) intercultural
c) interpersonal
Exercise 3: Personal questions
Have you ever worked on an international project or group? How was it?
How do you usually communicate with your classmates?
Can you describe a situation where you used interpersonal skills?
Have you ever participated in a project that required teamwork? How did you feel?
Do you think learning about other cultures is important? Why?
Answer Key
Exercise 1:
interpersonal
international
interconnected
interpersonally
intercultural
Exercise 2:
b) inter-
b) interconnected
a) interpersonal
b) internationally
b) intercultural
Exercise 3: (пример ответов)
Yes, I worked on an international project last year. I communicated with students from other countries using video calls.
I usually communicate with my classmates politely and clearly during lessons.
I used my interpersonal skills when helping a friend understand a difficult task.
Yes, I participated in a school project. I felt proud when our teamwork succeeded.
Yes, learning about other cultures is important because it helps us understand people better.
Forming Verbs with Prefixes: under-, over-, dis-, mis-
Grammar Focus
Префиксы under-, over-, dis-, mis- часто используются для образования глаголов с конкретным значением:
under- — означает недостаточно, ниже нормы:
estimate → underestimate = недооценивать
pay → underpay = платить меньше, чем следует
over- — означает слишком, сверх меры:
cook → overcook = пережарить
work → overwork = перерабатывать
dis- — придаёт значение отрицания или противоположного действия:
agree → disagree = не соглашаться
connect → disconnect = разъединять
mis- — означает неправильно, ошибочно:
understand → misunderstand = неправильно понять
spell → misspell = писать с ошибками
Особенности:
Эти префиксы легко присоединяются к основе глагола без изменений.
Некоторые слова могут встречаться и как существительные, но чаще — как глаголы:
misunderstanding = недопонимание
disagreement = разногласие
Советы для школьников:
Учите глаголы с префиксами в контексте предложений, чтобы лучше запоминать значение.
Обратите внимание на разницу между under- и over-, а также между dis- и mis-.
Story
A Busy Week
Last week, Tom had a very busy schedule. On Monday, he underestimated how much homework he had, so he stayed up late at night. On Tuesday, he overworked during school, trying to finish all tasks too quickly.
On Wednesday, he realized he had misunderstood the instructions for a project, so he had to redo it carefully. He also disagreed with his friend about how to divide tasks for another assignment. They eventually found a compromise and worked together.
On Thursday, Tom underpaid attention to his timetable and missed an important meeting. Later, he overcooked the dinner because he was tired. Despite these mistakes, he learned a lot about planning and organization.
At the end of the week, Tom realized that making mistakes is normal. It is important not to feel discouraged, but to correct them and try to work better next time. He promised himself to understand instructions carefully, avoid misunderstandings, and manage his time without overworking.
Useful Words and Expressions
underestimate — недооценивать
underpay — платить меньше
overcook — пережарить
overwork — перерабатывать
disagree — не соглашаться
disconnect — разъединять
misunderstand — неправильно понять
misspell — писать с ошибками
correct — исправлять
attention — внимание
task — задание
project — проект
mistake — ошибка
schedule — расписание
planning — планирование
organization — организация
compromise — компромисс
carefully — внимательно
tired — уставший
important — важный
Exercises
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks
I often ______ the difficulty of tasks. (underestimate / overestimate / disagree)
Be careful not to ______ the instructions. (misunderstand / disconnect / overwork)
She ______ her homework last night. (overworked / underpaid / misread)
They ______ about the solution to the problem. (disagreed / misunderstood / overcooked)
Don’t ______ your essay; check it carefully. (misspell / disconnect / undercook)
Exercise 2: Multiple choice
Which prefix means too much?
a) under-
b) over-
c) mis-
Which prefix means wrongly or incorrectly?
a) under-
b) mis-
c) dis-
Which prefix is used for not enough?
a) over-
b) under-
c) mis-
Which prefix gives the meaning of opposite or reverse action?
a) mis-
b) dis-
c) under-
Which verb means «to not agree»?
a) disagree
b) misunderstand
c) overcook
Exercise 3: Personal questions
Have you ever underestimated the difficulty of a task? What happened?
Can you describe a time when you misunderstood instructions?
Have you ever overworked or done too much homework? How did you feel?
Did you ever disagree with a friend about a school task? How did you solve it?
Have you ever misspelled an important word in your homework? What did you do?
Answer Key
Exercise 1:
underestimate
misunderstand
overworked
disagreed
misspell
Exercise 2:
b) over-
b) mis-
b) under-
b) dis-
a) disagree
Exercise 3: (пример ответов)
Yes, I once underestimated the difficulty of a math problem. I spent too little time and made mistakes.
I misunderstood the instructions for a writing task and had to redo it carefully.
I overworked last week because I had many assignments. I felt very tired.
I disagreed with a friend about dividing a project. We talked and found a compromise.
Yes, I misspelled an important word in my homework. I corrected it before submitting.
Forming Numbers with Suffixes: -teen, -ty, -th
Grammar Focus
В английском языке числительные могут образовываться с помощью различных суффиксов для разных целей:
— teen — используется для образования чисел от 13 до 19:
three → thirteen = тринадцать
fourteen = четырнадцать
nineteen = девятнадцать
— ty — используется для образования десятков от 20 до 90:
two → twenty = двадцать
thirty = тридцать
ninety = девяносто
— th — используется для образования порядковых числительных (first, second — исключения; далее обычное правило):
four → fourth = четвёртый
twenty → twentieth = двадцатый
ninety → ninetieth = девяностый
Особенности:
Исключения: first, second, third — особые формы порядковых числительных.
Десятки с -ty могут соединяться с единицами через дефис:
twenty-one = двадцать один
forty-five = сорок пять
Советы для школьников:
Учите числительные вместе с их произношением, чтобы не путать teen и ty.
Для порядковых числительных полезно запоминать исключения first, second, third.
Практикуйтесь в записи чисел словами и наоборот.
Story
My Birthday Party
Last year, I celebrated my birthday on the twentieth of May. I invited thirteen friends to my house. Everyone was excited because it was a special day.
We played different games and enjoyed a delicious cake. My brother, who is fourteen, helped me decorate the room. My friend Anna, who lives on the thirty-first street, brought colorful balloons.
I received gifts from everyone, including books, toys, and a small telescope. I was very happy because it was a perfect birthday. We sang songs and danced for hours.
During the party, my parents told me stories about when I was a child, and I realized that birthdays are very important. I also noticed that some of my friends had birthdays in September and December, so we planned to celebrate together.
At the end of the day, I counted all my presents and thanked my friends. It was my best birthday ever, and I will remember it until my twentieth birthday.
Useful Words and Expressions
first — первый
second — второй
third — третий
fourth — четвёртый
twentieth — двадцатый
thirtieth — тридцатый
thirty-one — тридцать один
thirteen — тринадцать
fourteen — четырнадцать
nineteen — девятнадцать
twenty — двадцать
thirty — тридцать
forty — сорок
ninety — девяносто
birthday — день рождения
friends — друзья
present — подарок
cake — торт
party — вечеринка
special — особенный
Exercises
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks
I will be ______ next year. (thirteenth / twenty / twentieth)
My mother’s birthday is on the ______ of April. (thirtieth / thirty / thirteen)
He is ______ years old today. (fourteen / fourteenth / forty)
The event is on the ______ floor of the building. (twenty / twentieth / twenty-one)
I invited ______ friends to my party. (thirteen / thirteen-th / thirtieth)
Exercise 2: Multiple choice
Which suffix is used for numbers 13–19?
a) -teen
b) -ty
c) -th
Which suffix is used for tens like 20, 30, 40?
a) -teen
b) -ty
c) -th
Which suffix is used for ordinal numbers?
a) -teen
b) -ty
c) -th
How do you write 21 in words?
a) twenty-one
b) twentee-one
c) twenty-on
What is the ordinal form of 30?
a) thirtieth
b) thirty-th
c) thirti
Exercise 3: Personal questions
When is your birthday? Can you write it using an ordinal number?
How old will you be next year?
Can you name a friend who is thirteen or fourteen years old?
What is your favorite number? Why?
Have you ever celebrated a birthday on the twentieth or thirtieth of a month? Describe it.
Answer Key
Exercise 1:
thirteenth
thirtieth
fourteen
twentieth
thirteen
Exercise 2:
a) -teen
b) -ty
c) -th
a) twenty-one
a) thirtieth
Exercise 3: (пример ответов)
My birthday is on the fifteenth of July. I usually celebrate with my family.
I will be fifteen next year. I plan to have a small party.
My friend is fourteen years old. We go to school together.
My favorite number is seven because it is lucky.
Yes, I celebrated my friend’s birthday on the twentieth of May. We played games and ate cake.
Forming Compound Nouns and Adjectives
Grammar Focus
Сложные слова в английском языке создаются путем объединения двух или более слов. Они могут быть существительными или прилагательными.
Сложные существительные:
Образуются путём соединения двух основ существительных:
sports + man → sportsman = спортсмен
Используется предлог для соединения существительных:
father + in + law → father-in-law = тесть/свёкор
Сложные прилагательные:
Образуются через соединение двух основ, иногда с суффиксом -ed:
blue + eyed → blue-eyed = голубоглазый
eight + legged → eight-legged = восьминогий
nice + looking → nice-looking = симпатичный
well + behaved → well-behaved = послушный, воспитанный
Особенности:
В сложных существительных чаще всего основа существительного остаётся неизменной.
В сложных прилагательных соединяются прилагательные с существительными или причастиями.
Советы для школьников:
Учите слова с дефисом и без него.
Обратите внимание на смысл: сложное слово часто имеет единственное значение, которое не всегда можно понять из частей.
Практикуйте использование в предложениях.
Story
A Trip to the Zoo
Last weekend, my family went to the city zoo. We saw many eight-legged spiders in a special corner. They were fascinating! Next, we visited the blue-eyed parrots. They could mimic sounds, and their bright eyes looked very clever.
In the reptile house, there was a well-behaved tortoise. It slowly moved around, and children watched it quietly. My little brother pointed at a nice-looking snake and said it was amazing.
Later, we watched a sportsman demonstrate how to train animals. He explained the exercises clearly and carefully. After that, we met my friend’s father-in-law, who was also visiting the zoo. He gave us interesting facts about animal behavior.
By the end of the day, everyone was tired but happy. We took photos of the eight-legged spiders and the blue-eyed parrots. I realized that compound words make English very descriptive. Using them correctly helps explain things in detail.
Useful Words and Expressions
sportsman — спортсмен
father-in-law — тесть / свёкор
blue-eyed — голубоглазый
eight-legged — восьминогий
nice-looking — симпатичный
well-behaved — воспитанный
tortoise — черепаха
snake — змея
parrot — попугай
zoo — зоопарк
animals — животные
children — дети
demonstrate — показывать
exercises — упражнения
fascinating — увлекательный
carefully — осторожно
photos — фотографии
weekend — выходные
clever — умный
behavior — поведение
Exercises
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks
My sister has a ______ dog. (blue-eyed / well-behaved / sportsman)
The ______ climbed slowly across the garden. (eight-legged / father-in-law / nice-looking)
My uncle is my father’s ______. (sportsman / father-in-law / blue-eyed)
We watched a ______ show in the zoo. (nice-looking / well-behaved / eight-legged)
He is a talented ______ who plays football very well. (sportsman / eight-legged / blue-eyed)
Exercise 2: Multiple choice
Which word describes someone with good behavior?
a) blue-eyed
b) well-behaved
c) sportsman
Which word describes a person related by marriage to your parent?
a) father-in-law
b) eight-legged
c) nice-looking
Which word describes an animal with eight legs?
a) eight-legged
b) blue-eyed
c) well-behaved
Which word is used for someone who plays sports?
a) sportsman
b) father-in-law
c) nice-looking
Which adjective describes someone pleasant in appearance?
a) nice-looking
b) blue-eyed
c) well-behaved
Exercise 3: Personal questions
Can you describe a friend using a compound adjective?
Have you ever met a well-behaved animal? What happened?
Do you know a sportsman personally or in the media? Who?
Can you describe a family member using a compound noun?
Which compound word from this chapter do you like most and why?
Answer Key
Exercise 1:
blue-eyed
eight-legged
father-in-law
well-behaved
sportsman
Exercise 2:
b) well-behaved
a) father-in-law
a) eight-legged
a) sportsman
a) nice-looking
Exercise 3: (пример ответов)
My friend is blue-eyed and friendly. She always smiles.
Yes, I met a well-behaved dog in the park. It stayed calm near children.
I know a sportsman from my school; he plays football very well.
My father-in-law is very kind and helps everyone in the family.
I like «nice-looking» because it is easy to use and describes people clearly.
Conversion: Forming Nouns and Verbs from Other Parts of Speech
Grammar Focus
Конверсия в английском языке — это процесс образования слов одной части речи из слов другой части речи без изменения формы. Это очень частый способ словообразования, который нужно знать для ОГЭ.
Образование существительных от глаголов (Verb → Noun):
to play → a play = играть → пьеса
to run → a run = бегать → пробежка
Часто используется для названия действий, событий или результатов действия.
Образование существительных от прилагательных (Adjective → Noun):
rich → the rich = богатый → богатые
Применяется для обозначения группы людей с определённым качеством.
Образование глаголов от существительных (Noun → Verb):
a hand → to hand = рука → передавать
bottle → to bottle = бутылка → разливать по бутылкам
Образование глаголов от прилагательных (Adjective → Verb):
cool → to cool = прохладный → охлаждать
Часто используется для действий, связанных с качеством прилагательного.
Особенности:
Форма слова не меняется, меняется только его грамматическая функция.
Важно различать контекст: a run может быть и «пробежка», и «поток», в зависимости от ситуации.
Советы для школьников:
Учите слова с примерами использования в предложениях.
Обратите внимание на то, что некоторые слова могут менять смысл при конверсии.
Практикуйтесь в чтении и письме, чтобы видеть, как конверсированные слова употребляются в контексте.
Story
A Day at the Park
Yesterday, I decided to go for a run in the city park. The weather was perfect, and many people were enjoying their morning. I saw the rich walking with their dogs and children playing nearby.
After my run, I stopped near a fountain to cool down. I also helped a friend hand out flyers for a local event. Everyone thanked us for helping, and it felt good.
Later, I noticed a young boy trying to bottle some flowers for a school project. I smiled and reminded him to be careful. While walking home, I thought about how many verbs and nouns in English are connected. For example, to play and a play, or cool and to cool.
Understanding conversion makes English easier because one word can serve multiple purposes. I decided to write a short note about it to remember these words. By practicing, I realized that using converted words correctly helps describe actions and objects clearly in writing and speaking.
Useful Words and Expressions
to play — играть
a play — пьеса
to run — бегать
a run — пробежка
rich — богатый
the rich — богатые
a hand — рука
to hand — передавать
cool — прохладный
to cool — охлаждать
bottle — бутылка
to bottle — разливать по бутылкам
park — парк
fountain — фонтан
morning — утро
children — дети
weather — погода
flyer — листовка
project — проект
helping — помощь
Exercises
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks
I want to watch a ______ at the theater tonight. (play / hand / bottle)
She went for a ______ in the park. (run / play / cool)
Please ______ me the book. (hand / play / bottle)
It is hot. I need to ______ down. (cool / run / hand)
He tried to ______ the juice into small bottles. (bottle / play / run)
Exercise 2: Multiple choice
Which is a noun formed from a verb?
a) a run
b) to run
c) cool
Which is a verb formed from a noun?
a) bottle
b) to bottle
c) rich
Which is a noun formed from an adjective?
a) the rich
b) rich
c) cool
Which is a verb formed from an adjective?
a) to cool
b) cool
c) hand
Which pair shows verb → noun conversion?
a) to play → a play
b) to cool → cool
c) rich → the rich
Exercise 3: Personal questions
Can you name a noun formed from a verb that you use often?
Have you ever helped someone hand out something? Describe it.
Can you think of an adjective you can also use as a verb?
Do you know the rich in your city? How are they described?
Have you ever tried to bottle a drink or a liquid? What happened?
Answer Key
Exercise 1:
play
run
hand
cool
bottle
Exercise 2:
a) a run
b) to bottle
a) the rich
a) to cool
a) to play → a play
Exercise 3: (пример ответов)
I often use «a run» when I go jogging in the morning.
Yes, I helped hand out flyers at school. It was fun and interesting.
«Cool» can be an adjective and a verb. I use it to say «I need to cool the water.»
The rich in my city live in big houses and drive expensive cars.
Yes, I tried to bottle juice once. Some spilled, but I learned to be careful.
Declarative Sentences: Affirmative and Negative
Grammar Focus
Повествовательные предложения — это предложения, которые сообщают информацию. Они бывают утвердительные и отрицательные.
Утвердительные предложения (Affirmative Sentences):
Структура: Подлежащее + Сказуемое + Дополнения / Обстоятельства
I play football every day. — Я играю в футбол каждый день.
She lives in London. — Она живёт в Лондоне.
Отрицательные предложения (Negative Sentences):
Для образования отрицания используется not или вспомогательный глагол.
Present Simple:
I do not (don’t) like coffee. — Я не люблю кофе.
Past Simple:
He did not (didn’t) watch TV yesterday. — Он не смотрел телевизор вчера.
Future Simple:
We will not (won’t) go to the park tomorrow. — Мы не пойдём в парк завтра.
Особенности:
В утвердительном предложении вспомогательный глагол обычно не нужен (кроме составных времён).
В отрицательном предложении вспомогательный глагол обязателен для правильной формы.
Важно соблюдать порядок слов: Подлежащее → Вспомогательный глагол → not → Сказуемое → Дополнения.
Советы для школьников:
Запоминайте короткие формы (don’t, doesn’t, won’t) для разговорной речи.
Практикуйте чтение и письмо предложений, чтобы закрепить отрицательные конструкции.
Обратите внимание на согласование времени и подлежащего.
Story
My Daily Routine
I wake up early every day. I usually eat breakfast at 7 a.m. and then go to school by bus. My mother does not drive me to school because I like walking sometimes.
At school, I study English, math, and science. I do not like history very much, but I try to do my best. My best friend always helps me when I do not understand a lesson.
After school, I play football in the park with my friends. We do not play when it rains because it is slippery. Sometimes, we eat ice cream after training. I really enjoy these moments.
In the evening, I do my homework and read books. I do not watch TV for long because I prefer reading. Before going to bed, I write in my diary. I like to remember what I did during the day.
By keeping a routine, I feel productive. I also notice that forming correct affirmative and negative sentences helps me explain my day clearly in English.
Useful Words and Expressions
wake up — просыпаться
eat breakfast — завтракать
go to school — идти в школу
drive — водить
walk — идти пешком
study — учиться
like — нравиться
do not / don’t — не (для отрицания)
does not / doesn’t — не (3 лицо, ед. число)
will not / won’t — не (для будущего)
understand — понимать
play football — играть в футбол
park — парк
rain — дождь
slippery — скользкий
eat ice cream — есть мороженое
homework — домашняя работа
read books — читать книги
write in diary — писать в дневник
productive — продуктивный
Exercises
Exercise 1: Fill in the blanks
I ______ breakfast at 7 a.m. (eat / do not eat)
She ______ like history. (does / does not)
We ______ play football in the rain. (do / do not)
He ______ understand the lesson. (does / does not)
They ______ go to school by bus. (do / do not)
Exercise 2: Multiple choice
Which sentence is affirmative?
a) I do not like coffee.
b) She studies English every day.
c) He does not go to the park.
Which sentence is negative?
a) I play football.
b) We read books.
c) They do not watch TV.
Which is correct for 3rd person singular?
a) She do not like tea.
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